I-Linux

Abasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza lobuntu be-Ubuntu banamandla okufaka insiza yefu ye-Yandex.Disk kwikhompyutha yabo, bangene noma babhalise kuyo futhi bahlanganyele amafayela ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Inqubo yokufaka inezimpawu zayo futhi yenziwa nge-classic console. Sizozama ukuchaza yonke inqubo ngokuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka, siyihlukanise ngezinyathelo ezilula.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux zinezinsiza eziningi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ukuxhumana okwenziwa ngokufaka imiyalo efanelekile ku-"terminal" ngezimpikiswano ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzisi angenza konke okusemandleni ukulawula i-OS uqobo, amapharamitha ahlukahlukene namafayela atholakalayo. Enye yemiyalo ethandwayo ikati, futhi isebenza ukusebenza nokuqukethwe kwamafayela amafomethi ahlukahlukene.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux kernel ngokuvamile zigcina inani elikhulu lemibhalo engenalutho futhi engeyona eyalutho. Abanye babo bathatha isikhala esikhulu impela ku-drive, futhi futhi bavame ukuba ngokungadingekile. Kulokhu, ukususwa kwabo kungaba inketho efanele. Kunezindlela eziningana zokwenza ukuhlanza; ngayinye yazo isebenza esimweni esithile.

Vele, ekusatshalalisweni kohlelo olusebenzayo ku-Linux kernel, kuvame ukubakhona isikhombimsebenzisi esakhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nemenenja yefayela ekuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngezikhombisi-ndlela kanye nezinto ngazinye. Noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nesidingo sokuthola okuqukethwe yifolda ethile nge-console eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisi babhekene nesidingo sokufuna imininingwane ethile ngaphakathi kwamafayela. Imvamisa, amadokhumenti wokucushwa noma enye imininingwane enesilinganiso esikhulu inenombolo enkulu yemigqa, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngesandla idatha edingekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho enye yemiyalo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Linux iza kukusindisa, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole imigqa ngokoqobo endabeni yemizuzwana.

Ukuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi ohlelweni lokusebenza Ubuntu kulawulwa ngethuluzi elibizwa nge-NetworkManager. Ngekhonsoli, ikuvumela ukuthi ungabheki nje uhlu lwamanethiwekhi, kepha futhi kusebenze ukuxhumana okuxhumeka kumanethiwekhi athile, futhi uwalungiselele ngazo zonke izindlela usebenzisa into eyengeziwe. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-NetworkManager isivele ikhona ku-Ubuntu, noma kunjalo, uma isuswa noma isebenza kahle, kungahle kudingekile ukuyifaka kabusha.

Abaphathi befayela abadumile kakhulu bezinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe i-Linux banethuluzi lokusesha elisebenza kahle. Kodwa-ke, amapharamitha angahlali ekhona kuwo anele ukuthi umsebenzisi afune imininingwane edingekayo. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile okusebenzisa i- “Isiginali” kuyasiza.

Izinto eziguquguqukayo zemvelo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezenzelwe i-Linux yilezo eziguqukayo eziqukethe imininingwane yombhalo esetshenziswa ezinye izinhlelo ekuqaleni. Imvamisa ifaka phakathi izinhlaka zesistimu ejwayelekile yomfanekiso wokuqhafaza nomyalo, idatha kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzisi, indawo yamafayela athile, nokuningi.

Uhlobo lwedatha ejwayelekile yezinhlelo zefayela ku-Linux yi-TAR.GZ, ingobo yomlando ejwayelekile egcizelelwa kusetshenziswa i-Gzip. Kumikhombandlela enjalo, izinhlelo nezinhlu ezahlukahlukene zamafolda nezinto zivame ukusatshalaliswa, okuvumela ukuhamba okulula phakathi kwamadivaysi. Ukwethula lolu hlobo lwefayili nako kulula kakhulu, ngoba lokhu udinga ukusebenzisa isisetshenziswa esijwayelekile se- “terminal” esakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ukudlulisa ifayela kunethiwekhi kwenziwa ngokubonga kuseva ye-FTP elungiselelwe kahle. Isivumelwano esinjalo sisebenzisa i-TCP ekwakhiweni kweseva yamakhasimende futhi sisebenzisa ukuxhumana okuhlukahlukene kwenethiwekhi ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa kwemiyalo phakathi kwezindawo ezixhunyiwe. Abasebenzisi abaxhumeke ekusingatheni okuthile babhekene nesidingo sokusetha iseva ye-FTP yomuntu siqu ngokuya ngezidingo zenkampani enikezela ngezinsizakalo zokulungiswa kwesiza noma enye isoftware.

Ubuchwepheshe be-SSH (Safe Shell) bukuvumela ukuthi ulawule ngokuphepha ikhompyutha yakho ngokuxhumeka okuphephile. Ukubethela kwe-SSH wonke amafayela adlulisiwe, kufaka phakathi amaphasiwedi, futhi futhi kudlulisa ngokuphelele noma iyiphi inqubo yenethiwekhi. Ukuze ithuluzi lisebenze kahle, akufanele lifakwe kuphela, kodwa futhi lilungiselelwe.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, abanye abasebenzisi be-Intanethi abasebenzayo babhekene nesidingo sokuthola uxhumano oluvikelekile olufihliwe, ngokuvamile ngokufakwa okuphoqelekile kwekheli le-IP nomgcini ezweni elithile. Ubuchwepheshe obubizwa nge-VPN buyasiza ekwenzeni umsebenzi onjalo. Kusuka kumsebenzisi udinga ukufaka kuphela kwi-PC zonke izinto ezidingekayo bese uxhuma.

Ukuxhumana okuphephile kwezindawo zenethiwekhi nokushintshaniswa kwemininingwane phakathi kwazo kuhlobene ngqo namachweba avulekile. Ukuxhuma kanye nokudluliselwa kwethrafikhi kwenziwa ngechweba elithile, futhi uma livaliwe ohlelweni, ngeke bakwazi ukwenza inqubo enjalo. Ngenxa yalokhu, abanye abasebenzisi banesifiso sokudlulisa inombolo eyodwa noma eziningi zokusetha ukusebenzisana kwedivayisi.

Iphrothokholi ye-SSH isetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana okuvikelekile kwikhompyutha, okuvumela ukulawulwa kude hhayi nje ngegobolondo lohlelo lokusebenza, kodwa nangesiteshi esifihliwe. Kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisi bohlelo lokusebenza lobuntu banesidingo sokubeka iseva ye-SSH kwi-PC yabo nganoma iyiphi injongo.

I-Virtual Network Computing (VNC) uhlelo lokuhlinzeka ngokufinyelela okukude kudeskithophu yekhompyutha. Izithombe zesikrini zidluliselwa ngenethiwekhi, izinkinobho zegundane nezinkinobho zekhibhodi kuyacindezelwa. Kuhlelo lokusebenza lobuntu, uhlelo olishiwo lufakiwe endaweni yokugcina esemthethweni, futhi kuphela lapho-ke inqubo yendawo kanye nokumiswa okunemininingwane kwenzeka.

Isiphequluli esaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni i-Google Chrome. Akubona bonke abasebenzisi abajabule ngomsebenzi wayo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemithombo yohlelo hhayi wonke umuntu uhlelo olukulungele ukuphathwa kwethebhu. Kodwa-ke, namuhla asifuni ukuxoxa ngezinzuzo nobubi balesi siphequluli sewebhu, kodwa sizokhuluma ngenqubo yokuyifaka ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngokusetshenziswe kusisekelo se-Linux kernel.

Umkhuba ojwayelekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi ukufaka izinhlelo ezimbili ezilandelanayo. Imvamisa kakhulu yi-Windows futhi enye yezinto ezabiwe ngokususelwa ku-Linux kernel. Ngezinye izikhathi ngokufakwa okunjalo, kuvela izinkinga nge-bootloader, okungukuthi, i-OS yesibili ayilayishwa. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ibuyiselwe ngokwayo, iguqule amapharamitha wesistimu abe afanele.

Ngezinye izikhathi kulula kakhulu ukugcina izinhlelo, izinkomba namafayela ngendlela yokugcina umlando, ngoba athatha isikhala esincane kukhompyutha, futhi angahamba ngokukhululeka ngemidiya ekhiphekayo eya kumakhompyutha ahlukile. Enye indlela ethandwa kakhulu yokugcina kungathiwa i-ZIP. Namuhla singathanda ukukhuluma ngokuthi ungasebenza kanjani nalolu hlobo lwedatha ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo ezisuselwa ku-Linux kernel, ngoba ngokuvula noma ukubuka okuqukethwe okufanayo kuzodingeka usebenzise izinsiza ezengeziwe.

Kwesinye isikhathi abasebenzisi babhekene nokulahleka noma ukususwa ngengozi kwamafayela adingekayo. Lapho kuvela isimo esinjalo, akukho okusalayo okufanele kwenziwe kepha zama ukubuyisela konke ngosizo lwezinto ezikhethekile. Baskena ama-partitions we-hard drive, bathola izinto ezonakele noma ezazisuswe ngaphambilini lapho bese bezama ukuzibuyisela.

Abanye abasebenzisi banesifiso sokwakha inethiwekhi yangasese yangasese phakathi kwamakhompyutha amabili. Umsebenzi uyenziwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-VPN (Virtual Private Network). Ukuxhumeka kusebenza ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezivulekile noma ezivaliwe nezinhlelo. Ngemuva kokufakwa okuphumelelayo nokulungiswa kwazo zonke izakhi, inqubo ingabhekwa njengephothuliwe, futhi ukuxhumeka kuvikelwe.