Ayini amagciwane ekhompyutha, izinhlobo zawo

Cishe wonke umnikazi wekhompyutha, uma engakajwayelani namagciwane okwamanje, kumele ngabe uzwile izindaba ezahlukahlukene nezindaba eziphathelene nazo. Iningi lazo, ngokweqiniso, zenziwa ihaba abanye abasebenzisi be-novice.

Ngakho-ke liyini leli gciwane?

Igciwane - Lolu uhlelo oluzisebenzelayo. Amagciwane amaningi awenzi lutho olonakalisayo nge-PC yakho nhlobo, amanye ama-virus, ngokwesibonelo, enza iqhinga elincane elingcolile: akhombisa isithombe, aqala izinsizakalo ezingenasidingo, avule amakhasi e-Inthanethi kubantu abadala, njalonjalo ... Kepha kukhona ezinye ezingabonisa ikhompyutha ikhishwe ngokuhlelekile ngokufometha idiski, noma ngokonakalisa i-BIOS yebhodi lomama.

Okokuqala, kungakufanele impela ukubhekana nezinganekwane ezidumile mayelana namagciwane asebenzisa inetha.

1. Unqulo wesi arab kuphela - isivikelo kuwo wonke amagciwane

Ngeshwa, lokhu akunjalo. Ngisho nokuba ne-antivirus eyindida enolwazi olusha lwedatha - awuvikelekile ekuhlaselweni yigciwane. Noma kunjalo, uzovikeleka noma ungavikeleki kakhulu kumagciwane aziwayo, imininingwane emisha kuphela, engaziwa ye-anti-virus ezoba usongo.

2. Amagciwane asakazwa nanoma yimaphi amafayela

Lokhu akunjalo. Isibonelo, ngomculo, ividiyo, izithombe - amagciwane awasakazeki. Kepha kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi igciwane lilingane njengala mafayela, aphoqelela umsebenzisi ongenalwazi ukuba enze iphutha futhi aqalise uhlelo olunonya.

3. Uma uthola igciwane - i-PC isengozini enkulu

Lokhu futhi akunjalo. Iningi lamagciwane alenzi lutho. Kwanele ngabo ukuthi bamane bathinte izinhlelo. Kodwa noma kunjalo, kufanele unake lokhu: okungenani uhlole ikhompyutha yonke nge-antivirus yedatha yakamuva. Uma ungenwe yigciwane elilodwa, kungani-ke kungenakuba ngelesibili?!

4. Musa ukusebenzisa imeyili - isiqinisekiso sokuphepha

Ngiyesaba ukuthi lokhu ngeke kungisize. Kwenzeka ukuthi eposini uthola izincwadi ezivela kumakheli angajwayelekile. Kuhle ukungamane uzivule, ususe ngokushesha bese ukhipha ubhasikidi. Imvamisa, igciwane liya ngencwadi njengokuncamathisela, ukulenza, i-PC yakho itheleleke. Kulula ukuzivikela: ungavuli ama-imeyili aqhamuka kubantu ongabazi ... Kuhle ukusetha izihlungi ze-anti-spam.

5. Uma ukopisha ifayili elinegciwane, uyatheleleka

Ngokuvamile, uze usebenze ifayili elisebenzisekayo, igciwane, njengefayela elijwayelekile, lizomane lilale kudiski yakho futhi ngeke likwenze lutho olungalungile.

Izinhlobo Zamagciwane Ekhompyutha

Amagciwane okuqala (umlando)

Le ndaba iqale iminyaka engama-60-70 kwamanye ama-laboratories ase-US. Ekhompyutheni, ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile, bekukhona nalezo ezazisebenza zodwa, ezingalawulwa muntu. Futhi konke kuzobe kulungile uma bengalayishanga kakhulu i-computer futhi bengachithi izinsiza ngeze.

Ngemuva kweminyaka engaba yishumi, ngeminyaka yama-80s, kwase kuzobe sekukhona amakhulu amaningana ezinhlelo ezinjalo. Ngo-1984, kwavela igama elithi "virus virus".

Amagciwane anjalo ngokuvamile awazange afihle ubukhona bawo kumsebenzisi. Imvamisa babephazamisa umsebenzi wakhe, bekhombisa imiyalezo ethile.

Brain

Ngo-1985, kwavela igciwane lamakhompiyutha lobuchopho lokuqala (futhi okubaluleke kakhulu lasakazeka ngokushesha). Noma kunjalo, kwakubhalwe ngezinhloso ezinhle - ukujezisa abasebenza ngamaphephadonga ngokungemthetho. Leli gciwane lasebenza kuphela kumakhophi angekho emthethweni esoftware.

Izindlalifa zegciwane leBongo zaba khona iminyaka engaba yishumi nambili, khona-ke isitoko sabo saqala ukuncipha kakhulu. Abenzanga ngobuqili: bamane babhala phansi imizimba yabo kufayela lohlelo, ngaleyo ndlela bekhulisa ubukhulu bayo. Ama-antivirus asheshe afunda ukuthi angawazi kanjani ubukhulu futhi athole amafayela athelelekile.

Amagciwane wesoftware

Ngemuva kwamagciwane anamathiselwe emzimbeni wohlelo, izinhlobo ezintsha zaqala ukuvela - ngendlela yohlelo olwehlukile. Kepha, ubunzima obukhulu ukuthi umuntu angamsebenzisa kanjani uhlelo olunonya olunjalo? It kuvela elula kakhulu! Kwanele ukuyibiza ngohlobo oluthile lwedephula lolu hlelo futhi ulufake kwinethiwekhi. Abaningi bamane balande, futhi naphezu kwazo zonke izixwayiso ze-antivirus (uma zikhona) - basazokwethula ...

Ngo-1998-1999, umhlaba wathuthumela kuleligciwane eliyingozi kakhulu - i-Win95.CIH. Ukhubaze i-Bios yekhadibhodi. Izinkulungwane zamakhompyutha emhlabeni wonke zikhubazekile.

Igciwane elisakazwa ngokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili.

Ngo-2003, leli gciwane leSoBig lakwazi ukuthelela amakhulukhulu ezinkulungwane zamakhompyutha, ngenxa yokuthi nalo lalinamathiselwe ezinhlamvwini ezathunyelwa ngumsebenzisi.

Umlo oyinhloko wokulwa namagciwane anjalo: ukuvuselela njalo kweWindows OS, ukufakwa kwe-antivirus. Yenqaba ukwethula noma yiziphi izinhlelo ezitholwe emithonjeni engabazekayo.

Amagciwane we-Macro

Abasebenzisi abaningi, mhlawumbe, abasoli ukuthi ngaphezu kwamafayili we-exe noma we-com aphumelelayo, amafayela ajwayelekile avela kuMicrosoft Word noma i-Excel nawo angaba usongo lwangempela. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Kungukuthi nje lolu limi lohlelo lwe-VBA lwakhiwe laba bahleli ngasikhathi sinye ukuze ama-macros angezwe njengokungezwa kwemibhalo. Ngakho-ke, uma uzibeka esikhundleni se-macro yakho, kungenzeka leli gciwane livele ...

Namuhla, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinhlelo zehhovisi, ngaphambi kokwethula idokhumenti evela kumthombo ongaziwa, nakanjani zizokubuza, ingabe uyafuna ngempela ukusebenzisa ama-macros kusuka kule dokhumenti, futhi uma uqhafaza inkinobho engekho, khona-ke akukho okuzokwenzeka noma ngabe idokhumenti yayinalo leli gciwane. Okuxakayo ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi ngokwabo chofoza inkinobho "yebo" ...

Enye yamagciwane adumile kakhulu angabhekwa njengeMellis'y, inani eliphakeme kakhulu elenzeka ngonyaka we-1999. Leli gciwane lathela imibhalo futhi nge-imeyili ye-Outlook lathumela i-imeyili kubangani bakho nge-stuffing ethelelwayo. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane nje, kwavela ukuthi kwatheleleka amashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhompiyutha emhlabeni jikelele!

Amagciwane we-script

Ama-Macrovirus, njengohlobo oluthile, afakiwe eqenjini lamagciwane eskripthi. Okusemqoka lapha ukuthi hhayi i-Microsoft Office kuphela esebenzisa imibhalo kwimikhiqizo yayo, kodwa namanye amaphakheji esoftware nawo aqukethe. Isibonelo, i-Media Player, i-Internet Explorer.

Iningi lalawa magciwane lisakazwa ngokunamathiselwe kwe-imeyili. Izinamathiseli zivame ukufihlwa njengohlobo oluthile lwesithombe esisha noma ukwakheka komculo. Kunoma ikuphi, ungaqali futhi kungcono ukungavuli okunamathiselwe kusuka kumakheli angajwayelekile.

Imvamisa abasebenzisi badidekile ngokwandiswa kwefayela ... Ngemuva kwakho konke, bese kwaziwa ukuthi izithombe ziphephile, kungani-ke ungakwazi ukuvula isithombe osithumele eposini ... Ngokuzenzakalelayo, i-Explorer ayikhombisi izandiso zefayela. Futhi uma ubona igama lesithombe, njenge- "Studsnoe.jpg" - lokhu akusho ukuthi ifayela linelokwandiswa okunjalo.

Ukuze ubone izandiso, nika amandla inketho elandelayo.

Sibonisa esibonelweni seWindows 7. Uma uya kunoma iyiphi ifolda bese uqhafaza u- "hlela / ifolda nezinketho zokusesha", ungangena kumenyu "yokubuka". Kukhona umkhaza wethu oyigugu.

Ungakhethi inketho "fihla izandiso zezinhlobo zamafayela ezibhalisiwe", futhi unikeze amandla "bonisa amafayela afihliwe namafolda".

Manje, uma ubheka isithombe esithunyelwe kuwe, kungahle kube ukuthi "oncsnoe.jpg "ngokuzumayo kwaba i-" tsebsnoe.jpg.vbs ". Lokho, empeleni, yibo bonke ubuqili. Abasebenzisi abaningi be-novice bafike kulokhu kugibela ngaphezulu kwesisodwa, futhi bazofika ngaphezulu ...

Ukuvikelwa okuyinhloko kuma-virus we-script ukubuyekeza okufika ngesikhathi kwe-OS ne-antivirus. Futhi, ukwenqaba ukubuka ama-imeyili asolisayo, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe amafayela angaqondakali ... By the way, it not be superfluous to back up a data key. Ngemuva kwalokho uzobe uvikeleke kuma-99.99% kunoma yikuphi ukusongelwa.

Izinhlelo zeTrojan

Lolu hlobo, yize lwaluchazwa njengegciwane, alilona ngqo igciwane. Ukungena kwabo kwi-PC yakho ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nama-virus, kuphela banemisebenzi ehlukene. Uma leli gciwane linomsebenzi wokuthelela amakhompyutha amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi lenze isenzo sokususa, ukuvula amawindi, njll., Ke uhlelo lweTrojan, njengomthetho, linenhloso eyodwa - ukukopisha amaphasiwedi wakho ezinsizakalweni ezahlukahlukene futhi uthole imininingwane ethile. Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi iTrojan ilawulwe ngenethiwekhi, futhi ngemiyalo yomnikazi, ingaqala kabusha i-PC yakho ngokushesha, noma, okubi kakhulu, icishe amanye amafayela.

Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula esinye isici. Uma amagciwane evame ukuthelela amanye amafayela angenzeka, iTrojans ayikwenzi lokhu, uhlelo oluhlukile oluziqukethe olusebenza lodwa. Imvamisa iyazifihla njengohlobo oluthile lwenqubo yesistimu ukuze kube nzima ukuthi umsebenzisi we-novice ayibambe.

Ukuze ungabi isisulu sama-Trojans, okokuqala, ungalandi amafayela, njengokuqhekeza i-Intanethi, ukuqhekeza noma yiziphi izinhlelo, njll. Okwesibili, ngaphezu kwe-antivirus, uzodinga nohlelo olukhethekile, ngokwesibonelo: I-Cleaner, Trojan Remover, AntiViral Toolkit Pro, njll Okwesithathu, ukufaka i-firewall (uhlelo olawula ukufinyelela kwi-Intanethi yezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza), ngokulungiswa kwezandla, lapho zonke izinqubo ezisolisayo nezingaziwa zizovinjelwa nguwe. Uma iTrojan ingatholi ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi, icala selivele lenziwe, okungenani amaphasiwedi wakho ngeke asuke ...

Ngingifingqa, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi zonke izindlela nezincomo ezithathiwe ngeke zibe yize uma umsebenzisi uqobo, ngenxa yelukuluku, ethula amafayela, ekhubaza izinhlelo ezilwa negciwane, njll. Okuxakayo ukuthi amagciwane athelelelwa ngamacala angama-90% ngenxa yephutha lomnikazi we-PC. Hhayi, ukuze ungabi yisisulu salabo u-10%, kwanele ukugcina amafayela ngesinye isikhathi. Lapho-ke ungaqiniseka cishe nge-100 ukuthi konke kuzolunga!