I-XML yifomethi yomhlaba wonke yokusebenza nedatha. Isekelwa ngezinhlelo eziningi, kufaka phakathi lezo eziphuma emkhakheni we-DBMS. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kolwazi lube yi-XML kubalulekile impela kusuka endaweni yokubuka ukusebenzisana nokushintshana kwedatha phakathi kwezicelo ezihlukile. I-Excel ingenye yezinhlelo ezisebenza ngamatafula, futhi ingashintshanisa nemininingwane yolwazi. Ake sibheke ukuguqula amafayela e-Excel abe yi-XML.
Inqubo yokuguqulwa
Ukuguqula idatha kufomethi ye-XML akuyona inqubo elula kanjalo, ngoba uhlelo olukhethekile (schema.xml) kumele lwenziwe ekuqhubekeni kwalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqula imininingwane ibe yifayili elilula lale fomethi, kwanele ukuba namathuluzi ajwayelekile wokonga ku-Excel esesandleni, kepha ukuze wakhe into ehleleke kahle kuzodingeka ukuthi uqwebe ngokuphelele ngokudweba umdwebo nokuxhumeka kwawo kudokhumenti.
Indlela yoku-1: gcina kalula
Ku-Excel, ungagcina idatha ngefomethi ye-XML ngokumane usebenzise imenyu "Gcina Njengo ...". Kuliqiniso, akunasiqiniseko sokuthi zonke izinhlelo zizosebenza kahle ngefayela elakhiwe ngale ndlela. Futhi hhayi kuzo zonke izimo, le ndlela iyasebenza.
- Siqala uhlelo lwe-Excel. Ukuze uvule into ukuthi iguqulwe, iya kuthebhu Ifayela. Okulandelayo, chofoza entweni "Vula".
- Ifayela elivulekile lefayela liqala. Iya kusiqondisi lapho ifayela esilidingayo liqukethe. Kufanele kube ngefomethi eyodwa ye-Excel - XLS noma i-XLSX. Khetha bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Vula"etholakala ezansi kwewindi.
- Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ifayela lavulwa, futhi imininingwane yayo yaboniswa eshidini yamanje. Iya kuthebhu futhi Ifayela.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, iya "Gcina Njengo ...".
- Iwindows yokulinda iyavula. Siya kumkhombandlela lapho sifuna khona ifayela eliguquliwe ligcinwe. Noma kunjalo, ungashiya umkhombandlela wokuzenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, lowo ophakanyiswe uhlelo uqobo. Ewindini elifanayo, uma ufisa, ungashintsha igama lefayela. Kepha ukunakwa okuyinhloko kudinga ukukhokhwa ensimini Uhlobo lwefayela. Sivula uhlu ngokuchofoza kule nkambu.
Phakathi kwezinketho zokongiwa kwemvelo, sifuna igama Ithebula leXML 2003 noma Idatha ye-XML. Khetha eyodwa yalezi zinto.
- Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho Gcina.
Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwefayela kusuka kwifomethi ye-Excel kuya kwi-XML kuzoqedwa.
Indlela 2: Amathuluzi Wonjiniyela
Ungaguqulela ifomethi ye-Excel ibe yi-XML usebenzisa amathuluzi wonjiniyela kuthebhu yohlelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, uma umsebenzisi enza konke ngendlela efanele, khona-ke umphumela uyoba, ngokungafani nendlela yangaphambilini, ifayela le-XML eligcwele elizobonwa kahle yizicelo zomuntu wesithathu. Kodwa kufanele ngisho khona manjalo ukuthi akuyena wonke umuntu wabaqalayo onokuba nolwazi olwanele namakhono wokufunda ngokushesha indlela yokuguqula idatha ngale ndlela.
- Ngokuzenzakalelayo, indawo yamathuluzi yonjiniyela ikhutshaziwe. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, udinga ukukusebenzisa. Iya kuthebhu Ifayela bese uqhafaza entweni "Izinketho".
- Ewindini lemingcele elivulayo, dlulela esigatshaneni Ukusethwa kweRibbon. Engxenyeni engakwesokudla yewindi, hlola ibhokisi eliseduze nenani "Unjiniyela". Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile"etholakala ezansi kwewindi. Amathuluzi wonjiniyela manje anikwe amandla.
- Okulandelayo, vula ispredishithi se-Excel kuhlelo nganoma iyiphi indlela elula.
- Ngokwesisekelo sayo, kufanele sakhe uhlelo olakhiwa kunoma yisiphi isihleli sombhalo. Ngalezi zinhloso, ungasebenzisa iWindows Notepad ejwayelekile, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olukhethekile lwezinhlelo kanye nokusebenza ngezilimi ze-Notepad ++. Sethula lolu hlelo. Kuyo sakha umjikelezo. Esibonelweni sethu, kuzobukeka sengathi isithombe-skrini esingezansi sibonisa iwindi le-Notepad ++.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ithegi lokuvula nelokuvala ledokhumenti liphelele "kusethwe idatha". Ngendima efanayo, kumugqa ngamunye, umaki "bhala". Nge-schema, kuzokwanela uma sithatha kuphela imigqa emibili yetafula, futhi singakuhumushi konke ngesandla ku-XML. Igama lethegi lekholamu yokuvula neyokuvala ingaba ngokuqophisana, kepha kulokhu, ukuze kube lula, sithanda ukuhumusha amagama asezolimini zesiRussia esiNgisini. Ngemuva kokuthi idatha ifakiwe, simane siyilondoloze ngokusebenza kwesihleli sombhalo noma kukuphi ku-hard drive ngefomethi ye-XML ebizwa ngokuthi "schema".
- Futhi, iya kuhlelo lwe-Excel netafula selivele livulekile. Hambisa kuthebhu "Unjiniyela". Kubambo olubekwe ebhokisini lamathuluzi I-XML chofoza inkinobho "Umthombo". Ensimini evulayo, ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwewindi, chofoza inkinobho "Amamephu we-XML ...".
- Ewindini elivulayo, chofoza inkinobho "Faka ...".
- Iwindows lokukhetha umthombo liyaqala. Siya kwisikhombi sendawo sesikimu esihlanganiswe ngaphambili, sikhethe bese uchofoza inkinobho "Vula".
- Ngemuva kokuvela kwezakhi zalolu hlelo efasiteleni, lihudule usebenzisa isikhombisi kumaseli ahambisanayo wamagama ekholamu yetafula.
- Sichofoza kwesokudla etafuleni eliphumela. Kumenyu yokuqukethwe, hamba ezintweni I-XML futhi "Thekelisa ...". Ngemuva kwalokho, gcina ifayela kunoma yisiphi isiqondisi.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunezindlela ezimbili eziphambili zokuguqula amafayela we-XLS ne-XLSX abe ifomethi ye-XML usebenzisa iMicrosoft Excel. Owokuqala wabo ulula kakhulu futhi uqukethe inqubo eyisisekelo yokulondolozwa enwetshiwe enikezwe ngomsebenzi "Gcina Njengo ...". Ukulula nokucacile kwale nketho ngokungangabazeki kuyizinzuzo ezingabazeki. Kepha unephutha elilodwa elikhulu impela. Ukuguqulwa kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubheka amazinga athile, futhi ngenxa yalokho ifayela eliguqulwe ngale ndlela yizicelo ezivela eceleni lingase lingabonakali. Inketho yesibili ibandakanya ukwakhiwa kwemephu kwe-XML. Ngokungafani nendlela yokuqala, itafula eliguqulwe ngokuya ngalolu hlelo lizohambisana nawo wonke amazinga we-XML. Kepha, ngeshwa, akuwona wonke umsebenzisi ongasheshe athole ama-nuances ale nqubo.
