Amathuluzi okubikezela eMicrosoft Excel

Ukubikezela kuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu cishe kunoma yimuphi umkhakha womsebenzi, kusukela kwezomnotho kuya kubunjiniyela. Kunenombolo enkulu yesoftware ekhethekile kule ndawo. Ngeshwa, akubona bonke abasebenzisi bayazi ukuthi iprosesa lesipredishithi esivamile se-Excel linamathuluzi alo we-arcane wokubikezela, okungewona aphansi kakhulu ezinhlelweni zobungcweti ekusebenzeni kwazo kahle. Ake sibheke ukuthi ayini la mathuluzi nokuthi angenza kanjani isibikezelo ekusebenzeni kwawo.

Inqubo Yesimo Sokubikezela

Inhloso yanoma yisiphi isibikezeli ukukhomba ukuthambekela kwamanje, nokuthola umphumela olindelekile maqondana nentwana efundwayo endaweni ethile esikhathini esizayo.

Indlela yoku-1: umugqa wesitayela

Enye yezinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zokubikezela ngokuqhafaza ku-Excel ukukhipha okungaphezulu ngokwakha umugqa wethenda.

Ake sizame ukubikezela inani lenzuzo yebhizinisi eminyakeni emi-3 ngokwesisekelo sedatha kule nkomba iminyaka engu-12 edlule.

1. Sakha igrafu yokuthembela ngokususelwa kudatha ye-tabular enezimpikiswano namanani wokusebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha indawo yetafula, bese kuba kuthebhu Faka, chofoza isithonjana sohlobo lweshadi olufunayo, elisebhulokini Amashadi. Ngemuva kwalokho sikhetha uhlobo olulungele isimo esithile. Kuhle ukukhetha ishadi lokuhlakaza. Ungakhetha enye ukubuka, kepha-ke, ukuze idatha iboniswe kahle, kuzodingeka wenze ukuhlela, ikakhulukazi, ususe umugqa wokuphikisana bese ukhetha esinye isikali se-eksisi eqondile.



2. Manje sidinga ukwakha umugqa wokuthambekela. Sichofoza ngakwesokudla kunoma imaphi amaphuzu Kumenyu yokuqukethwe evuliwe, yeka ukukhetha entweni Faka umugqa wethrend.



3. Iwindi lokufomatha umugqa wethenda liyavula. Kuyo ungakhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo eziyisithupha zokusondela:
   • Ulayini;
   • I-Logarithmic;
   • Okubonakalayo;
   • Amandla;
   • I-Polynomial;
   • Ukuhlunga komugqa.

   Ake siqale ngokukhetha ukulinganisa okuqondile.

   Ebhuthini yezilungiselelo "Isimo sezulu" enkundleni "Dlulisela ku-" setha inombolo "3,0", ngoba sidinga ukwenza isibikezelo seminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabheka ibhokisi eceleni kwezilungiselelo. "Khombisa i-equation kumdwebo" futhi "Beka inani lesilinganiso sokuqiniseka (R ^ 2) kumdwebo". Isikhombisi sokugcina sikhombisa ikhwalithi yelayini yokuthambekela. Ngemuva kokuthi izilungiselelo zenziwe, chofoza inkinobho Vala.



4. Umugqa wethenda wakhiwe futhi kuwo singanquma inani elifanelekile lemali eminyakeni emithathu. Njengoba sibona, ngaleso sikhathi kufanele kube ngaphezulu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4500. Ukuqina R2Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kubonisa ikhwalithi yelayini yokuthambekela. Kithi, inani R2 yakha phezulu 0,89. Ukuphakama kokuqina, kuphakama ukuthembeka komugqa. Inani layo eliphezulu lingalingana 1. Kwamukelwa ngokuvamile lokho ngo-coefficient ngenhla 0,85 umugqa wesitayela uthembekile.



5. Uma izinga lokuzethemba lingahambisani nawe, khona-ke ungaphindela kuwindi lomugqa wefomethi bese ukhetha noma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokulinganisa. Ungazama zonke izinketho ezitholakalayo ukuthola olunembile kakhulu.

   

   Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isibikezeli esisebenzisa i-extrapurity ngokusebenzisa umugqa wethremu singasebenza uma isikhathi sokubikezela singeqi i-30% yesisekelo sokuhlaziywa kwezikhathi. Okusho ukuthi, lapho sihlaziya isikhathi esiyiminyaka eyi-12, asikwazi ukwenza isibikezelo esisebenzayo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3-4. Kodwa noma ngabe kunjalo kuleli cala, kuzobe kungathembeka uma ngalesi sikhathi kungeke kube khona amandla majeure noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo ezithandekayo kakhulu, ezazingezikhathi ezedlule.

Isifundo: Ungawakha kanjani umugqa wokuthambekela e-Excel

Indlela 2: opharetha we-TOECAST

Ukuchithwa okwengeziwe kwedatha ye-tabular kungenziwa ngomsebenzi ojwayelekile we-Excel ISIVIVINYO. Le ngxabano ingeyesigaba samathuluzi ezibalo futhi ine-syntax elandelayo:

= PREDICT (X; eyaziwa_y_value; eyaziwa_x_values)

"X" yingxabano lapho ivelu yomsebenzi idinga ukunqunywa. Esimweni sethu, ukuphikisana kuzoba ngunyaka lapho ukubikezela kufanele kwenziwe.

Izindinganiso ezaziwayo - isisekelo samanani wokusebenza owaziwayo. Esimweni sethu, indima yayo idlalwa ngenani lenzuzo lesikhathi esedlule.

Ama-x aziwayo yizimpikiswano lapho amanani aziwayo omsebenzi ahambelana. Ngeqhaza labo, sinenombolo yeminyaka imininingwane eqoqwe ngayo ngenzuzo yeminyaka edlule.

Ngokwemvelo, impikiswano akufanele ibe yisikhathi. Isibonelo, kungaba yizinga lokushisa, futhi inani lomsebenzi lingaba yizinga lokwanda kwamanzi lapho lifudumele.

Lapho ubala le ndlela, indlela esetshenziswayo yokurekhoda iyasetshenziswa.

Ake sibheke ama-nuances wokusebenzisa i-opharetha ISIVIVINYO kwisibonelo sikakhonkolo. Thatha itafula lonke. Sizodinga ukwazi isibikezelo senzuzo sonyaka we-2018.

1. Khetha iseli elingenalutho kushidi lapho uhlela khona ukubonisa umphumela wokucubungula. Chofoza inkinobho "Faka umsebenzi".



2. Iyavula Isici Wizard. Esigabeni "Izibalo" khetha igama "PREDICTION"bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Iwindi lokuphikisana liyaqala. Ensimini "X" khombisa ukubaluleka kwengxabano ofuna ukuthola kuyo inani lomsebenzi. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kungu-2018. Ngakho-ke, sibhala "2018". Kepha kungcono ukukhombisa le nkomba kuseli eseshidi, nasensimini "X" vele unikeze ukuxhumana kukho. Lokhu kuzovumela esikhathini esizayo ukusebenzisa izibalo futhi, uma kunesidingo, kushintsha kalula unyaka.

   Ensimini Izindinganiso ezaziwayo chaza izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Lokhu kungenziwa ngokubeka isikhombisi endle, bese ubamba phansi inkinobho yesinxele bese uqokomisa ikholomu ehambisanayo eshidini.

   Ngokufanayo nasensimini Ama-x aziwayo faka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka" nedatha yesikhathi esedlule.

   Ngemuva kokuthi yonke imininingwane isifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



4. U-opharetha ubala ngokuya ngemininingwane efakiwe bese ekhombisa umphumela esikrinini. Ngo-2018, kuhlelwa ukuthi kusizakale esifundeni ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,564.7. Ngokusekelwe etafuleni eliphumela, singakha igrafu sisebenzisa amathuluzi wokutshelwa okuxoxwe ngenhla.



5. Uma ushintsha unyaka esitokisini esasisetshenziselwa ukufaka impikiswano, umphumela uzoshintsha ngokufanele, futhi nesheduli izovuselela ngokuzenzakalelayo. Isibonelo, ngokuya ngokubikezela ngonyaka ka-2019, inani lenzuzo lizoba ngama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4637.8.

Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi, njengokwakhiwa komugqa wethrendi, isikhathi sesikhathi ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokubikezela akufanele singeqi i-30% yesikhathi sonke lapho kuqoqwe khona i-database.

Isifundo: Okungaphezulu kwe-Excel

Indlela yesi-3: Osebenza nge-TREND

Ukubikezela, ungasebenzisa omunye umsebenzi - UKUHAMBELA. Futhi kungokwesigaba sabasebenza ngokusebenza kwezibalo. I-syntax yayo ifana ne-syntax yethuluzi ISIVIVINYO futhi kubukeka kanjena:

= TREND (amanani aziwayo_y; amanani aziwayo_x; amasha_values_x; [const])

Njengoba ubona, izimpikiswano Izindinganiso ezaziwayo futhi Ama-x aziwayo zihambisana ngokuphelele nezinto ezifanayo zo-opharetha ISIVIVINYO, nengxabano "Amanani amasha we-x" fanisa impikiswano "X" ithuluzi langaphambilini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, UKUHAMBELA kukhona impikiswano eyengeziwe "UConstant", kepha kuyakhethwa futhi kusetshenziswa kuphela uma kunezici eziqhubekayo.

Lo opharetha usetshenziswa kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuncikeka komugqa komsebenzi.

Ake sibheke ukuthi leli thuluzi lizosebenza kanjani ngedatha efanayo yedatha. Ukuqhathanisa imiphumela, sichaza iphuzu lesibikezelo njenge-2019.

1. Siqokela iseli ukukhombisa umphumela bese siqhuba Isici Wizard ngendlela ejwayelekile. Esigabeni "Izibalo" thola bese uqokomisa igama "TREND". Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Iwindows Opgree Window Ivula UKUHAMBELA. Ensimini Izindinganiso ezaziwayo ngendlela echazwe ngaphezulu sifaka izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Ensimini Ama-x aziwayo faka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka". Ensimini "Amanani amasha we-x" sifaka isixhumanisi esitokisini lapho kutholakala khona inombolo yonyaka lapho isibikezelo kufanele sikhonjiswe khona. Esimweni sethu, lokhu kungu-2019. Insimu "UConstant" shiya kungenalutho. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. U-opharetha ucubungula imininingwane bese ekhombisa umphumela esikrinini. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, inani lemali elindelekile yonyaka ka-2019, elibalwe indlela yokuncika emgqeni, lizoba, njengakwindlela edlule yokubala, ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4637.8.

Indlela 4: opharetha we-GROWTH

Omunye umsebenzi ongasetshenziselwa ukubikezela ku-Excel wenethiwekhi ye-GROWTH. Ibuye ibe ngeqembu lezibalo zamathuluzi, kepha, ngokungafani neyedlule, lapho ibalwa, ayisebenzisi indlela yokuxhomekeka emgqeni, kodwa yona ye-exponential. I-syntax yaleli thuluzi imi kanje:

= GROWTH (amanani aziwayo_y; amanani aziwayo_x; okusha_values_x; [const])

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izimpikiswano zalo msebenzi zibuyelela iziphikiso zika-opharetha UKUHAMBELA, ngakho-ke ngeke sigxile kwincazelo yabo okwesibili, kodwa masinyane uqhubeke nokusebenzisa okusebenzayo kwaleli thuluzi.

1. Sikhetha iseli lokukhipha umphumela bese silibiza ngendlela ejwayelekile Isici Wizard. Uhlu lwabasebenza opharetha lwezibalo, funa leyo nto QAPHELA, ikhethe bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Iwindi lokuphikisana lomsebenzi ongenhla liyasebenza. Faka imininingwane emikhakheni yaleli windi ngendlela efanayo nesiyifakile ngayo ewindini lokuphikisana ngopharetha UKUHAMBELA. Ngemuva kokuthi imininingwane ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Umphumela wokucubungula idatha uboniswa kuqapha kuseli elikhonjwe ngaphambili. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kulokhu umphumela ungama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4682.1. Umehluko emiphumeleni yokuxazulula idatha yedatha UKUHAMBELA akubalulekile, kepha ayatholakala. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi la mathuluzi asebenzisa izindlela ezihlukile zokubala: indlela yokuncika emgqeni kanye nendlela yokuncika exonential.

Indlela yesi-5: Osebenza nge-LINEAR

Umsebenzi IZENZO ekubalweni isebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa emugqeni. Akufanele kudidaniswe nendlela yokuncika emgqeni esetshenziswa yithuluzi. UKUHAMBELA. I-syntax yayo imi ngolu hlobo:

= LINE (amanani aziwayo_y; amanani aziwayo_x; okusha_values_x; [const]; [izibalo])

Izimpikiswano ezimbili zokugcina ziyakhethwa. Ngamabili okuqala, ujwayelene nezindlela ezedlule. Kepha mhlawumbe ubonile ukuthi akunakuphikiswa kulo msebenzi okhomba amanani amasha. Iqiniso ngukuthi leli thuluzi linquma kuphela ushintsho lwemali engenayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, okuthi kithi ilingane nonyaka owodwa, kepha kufanele sibala umphumela ophelele ngokwahlukana, singeza umphumela wokubala kwesisebenzisi kunani lokugcina lenzuzo IZENZOizikhathi inani leminyaka.

1. Sikhetha iseli lapho ukubalwa kuzokwenziwa khona bese siqhuba Umsebenzi Wizard. Khetha igama LINEIN esigabeni "Izibalo" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Ensimini Izindinganiso ezaziwayo, iwindi elivuliwe lokuphikisana, faka izixhumanisi zekholomu "Inzuzo yebhizinisi". Ensimini Ama-x aziwayo faka ikheli lekholomu "Unyaka". Izinkambu ezisele zishiywe zingenalutho. Bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Uhlelo lubala futhi lubonise inani lenkambiso yeseli esitokisini esikhethiwe.



4. Manje kufanele sithole usayizi wenzuzo eqagelwe ngonyaka ka-2019. Setha isibonakaliso "=" kunoma yisiphi iseli engenalutho eshidini. Sichofoza esitokisini esiqukethe inani langempela lenzuzo lonyaka ofunde ngawo (2016). Sibeka isibonakaliso "+". Okulandelayo, chofoza kuseli equkethe umugqa wethremu wabalwa ngaphambili. Sibeka isibonakaliso "*". Kusukela phakathi konyaka wokugcina wesikhathi sokufunda (2016) nonyaka ofuna ukwenza isibikezelo (2019), isikhathi seminyaka emithathu silele, sabeka inombolo esitokisini "3". Ukuze wenze ukubala uchofoze inkinobho Ngena.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umaki wokwenza inzuzo ocatshangelwe wabalwa indlela yokulinganisa emgqeni ngonyaka ka-2019 uzofinyelela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezi-4,614.9.

Indlela 6: opharetha we-LGRFPPRIBLE

Ithuluzi lokugcina esizolibheka lizoba I-LGRFPPRIBLE. Lo opharetha wenza izibalo ngokususelwa kundlela yokuphikiswa engaphezulu. I-syntax yayo inesakhiwo esilandelayo:

= LGRFPRIBLE (amanani aziwayo_y; amanani aziwayo_x; okusha_values_x; [const]; [izibalo])

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, zonke izimpikiswano ziphinda futhi izinto ezihambisanayo zomsebenzi owedlule. I-algorithm yokubalwa kwesimo sezulu izoshintsha kancane. Umsebenzi ubala ukuthambekela kokuchazwa, okukhombisa ukuthi ingakanani imali engenayo izoshintsha isikhathi esisodwa, okungukuthi, unyaka. Sizodinga ukuthola umehluko wenzuzo phakathi kwenkathi yangempela yokugcina neyokuqala ehleliwe, siyiphindaphinde ngenani lezikhathi ezihleliwe (3) futhi engeza kumphumela isamba sesikhathi sangempela sokugcina.

1. Kuluhlu lwabasebenza ku-Umsebenzi Wizard, khetha igama I-LGRFPPRIBL. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



2. Iwindi lokuphikisana liyaqala. Kuyo, sifaka idatha ngqo njengoba senzile, sisebenzisa umsebenzi IZENZO. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Umphumela wenkambiso yokuvelela ubalwa futhi uboniswe kuseli elikhethiwe.



4. Sibeka isibonakaliso "=" esitokisini esingenalutho. Vula amabakaki bese ukhetha iseli eliqukethe inani lemali lesikhathi sangempela sokugcina. Sibeka isibonakaliso "*" bese ukhetha iseli eliqukethe umkhuba wokukhula phambili. Sibeka uphawu lokususa bese siphinda siqhafaza kulokho okutholakala khona inani lesikhathi sokugcina. Vala ubakaki bese ushayela kuzinhlamvu "*3+" ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno. Futhi, chofoza kuseli efanayo ekhethwe okokugcina. Ukuze wenze ukubala, chofoza inkinobho Ngena.

Inani elicatshangelwe lenzuzo ngonyaka ka-2019, elibalwe indlela yokuqagela, lizoba ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-4,639.2, okubuye kungafani kakhulu nemiphumela etholwe ekubalweni kwangaphambilini.

Isifundo: Eminye imisebenzi yezibalo ku-Excel

Sithole ukuthi singakwenza kanjani ukubikezela kuhlelo lwe-Excel. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokugqamile ngokusebenzisa umugqa wethrendi, nangokuhlaziya kusetshenziswa imisebenzi yezibalo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Njengomphumela wokucubungula idatha efanayo ngabasebenza le, kungatholakala umphumela ohlukile. Kepha lokhu akumangazi, ngoba bonke basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubala. Uma ukuguquguquka kuselincane, khona-ke zonke lezi zinketho ezisebenza ecaleni elithile zingabhekwa njengezinokwethenjelwa.