Kulinganiselwa ku-Microsoft Excel

Ekuhleleni nasekwenziweni komsebenzi, indima ebalulekile yenziwa ngokulinganisa. Ngaphandle kwalo, akukho phrojekthi eyodwa enkulu engavulwa. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi, isabelozimali sibuyiselwa embonini yezokwakha. Kuyiqiniso, akuwona umsebenzi olula ukwenza ukulinganisa ngokufanele, okwenziwa ngochwepheshe kuphela. Kepha baphoqelekile futhi ukuba baphendukele kwisoftware ehlukahlukene, evame ukukhokhelwa, ukwenza lo msebenzi. Kepha, uma unesibonelo se-Excel esifakwe kwi-PC yakho, kungenzeka ukuthi wenze ukulinganisa kwekhwalithi kuyo, ngaphandle kokuthenga isoftware ebiza kakhulu, ebhekiswe kakhulu. Ake sibheke ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu ukwenza.

Ukudweba isilinganiso esilula sezindleko

Ukulinganiselwa kwezindleko kuluhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke izindleko ezizotholwa yinhlangano lapho kusebenza iphrojekthi ethile noma isikhathi esithile somsebenzi wayo. Okokubala, izinkomba ezikhethekile zokulawula zisetshenzisiwe, okuthi, njengomthetho, zitholakale emphakathini. Kufanele kuthembelwe kuye uchwepheshe lapho elungiselela lo mbhalo. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi isilinganiso senziwa ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala kwethulwa. Ngakho-ke, le nqubo kufanele ibhekwe kakhulu, ngoba empeleni, isisekelo sephrojekthi.

Imvamisa ukulinganisa kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: izindleko zezinto zokwakha kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi. Ekupheleni kwedokhumenti, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezindleko ziyashwankathelwa bese kubekwa intela uma inkampani, okuyiyo usonkontileka, ibhaliswa njengokhokha le ntela.

Isigaba 1: qala ukuhlanganisa

Ake sizame ukwenza ukulinganisa okulula ekusebenzeni. Ngaphambi kokuqala lokhu, udinga ukuthola imigomo yokubheka ikhasimende, ngesisekelo ozoyihlela, futhi uzihlomise ngezinkomba ezinezinkomba ezijwayelekile. Esikhundleni senkomba, ungasebenzisa futhi izinsiza ze-Inthanethi.

1. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso esilula kunazo zonke, okokuqala, senza isihloko sayo, okungukuthi, igama ledokhumenti. Asimshayele ucingo "Linganisa ngomsebenzi". Ngeke sifake futhi sifome igama ngaphambi kokuthi ithebula selilungile, kodwa simane silibeka phezulu kweshidi.



2. Njengoba sesibuyisele umugqa owodwa, senza uhlaka lwetafula, oluzoba yingxenye enkulu yombhalo. Kuzoba nezinsika eziyisithupha, esinika zona amagama "Cha.", "Igama", "Ubuningi", "Iyunithi", "Intengo", "Inani". Nweba imingcele yeseli uma amagama wekholomu engangeni kuwo. Khetha amaseli aqukethe la magama, ukuthi kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza kwibhulokhi yamathuluzi etholakala ethepheni Ukuqondanisa inkinobho Hlela i-Center. Bese uchofoza isithonjana Boldokuyi-block Ifonti, noma vele uthayiphe isinqamuleli sekhibhodi I-Ctrl + B. Ngakho-ke, sinika amagama amakholomu amafomethi wesibonisi esibonakalayo esibonakalayo.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho sibeka imingcele yetafula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha indawo elilinganisiwe yobubanzi bethebula. Akudingeki ukhathazeke ukuthathwa okuningi kakhulu, ngoba lapho sisazokwazi ukuhlela.

   

   Ngemuva kwalokho, ekubeni konke kuthebhu efanayo "Ikhaya", chofoza unxantathu ngakwesokudla sesithonjana "Umngcele"ibekwe kwibhulokhi yethuluzi Ifonti ekhasethini. Ukusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo, khetha inketho Yonke Imingcele.



4. Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwesenzo sokugcina, lonke uhla olukhethiwe lwahlukaniswa yimingcele.

Isigaba 2: ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba I

Okulandelayo, siqala ukudwebela isigaba sokuqala sesilinganiso, esizoba izindleko zokusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi.

1. Emgqeni wokuqala wethebula bhala igama Ingxenye I: Izindleko Zempahla. Leli gama alilingani esitokisini esisodwa, kepha awudingi ukuthi ucindezele imingcele, ngoba ngemuva kwalokho simane siyisuse, kepha okwamanje yishiya njengoba injalo.



2. Okulandelayo, gcwalisa itafula lokulinganisa uqobo ngamagama ezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza umsebenzi. Kulokhu, uma amagama engahambisani namaseli, uwahlakaze ngokwahlukana. Kwikholamu yesithathu singeza inani lezinto ezithile ezidingekayo ukwenza inani elithile lomsebenzi, ngokuya ngamazinga wamanje. Okulandelayo, bonisa iyunithi yokulinganisa. Kwikholamu elilandelayo sibhala intengo iyunithi. Ikholomu "Inani" ungathinti size sigcwalise itafula lonke ngemininingwane engenhla. Amanani azoboniswa kuwo kusetshenziswa ifomula. Futhi ungathinti ikholomu yokuqala ngezinombolo.



3. Manje sizohlela imininingwane ngenombolo namayunithi wokulinganisa enkabeni yamaseli. Khetha ibanga lapho le datha itholakala khona, bese uchofoza isithonjana esivele silujwayele kubambo Hlela i-Center.



4. Okulandelayo, sizokala izinombolo ezifakiwe. Ukwenza ikholomu yeseli "Cha.", elihambisana negama lokuqala lezinto, faka inombolo "1". Khetha into eshidi lapho le nombolo ifakwe kuyo bese usetha isikhombi ekhoneni layo lesokudla eliphansi. Ishintsha ibe umaka wokugcwalisa. Bamba inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele bese udonsela emgqeni wokugcina, lapho igama lezinto zitholakala khona.



5. Kepha, njengoba sibona, amangqamuzana awazange abalwe ngokulandelana, ngoba kukho konke kunenombolo "1". Ukushintsha lokhu, chofoza isithonjana. Gcwalisa Izinkethoelingaphansi kwebanga elikhethiwe. Uhlu lokukhethwa kukho luyavula. Sishintsha switch siye esikhundleni Gcwalisa.



6. Njengoba ubona, emva kwalokhu izinombolo zomugqa zahlelwa ngokulandelana.



7. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amagama ezinto ezidingekayo ukuze kuqaliswe umsebenzi efakiwe, siyaqhubeka nokubalwa kwenani lezindleko zalowo nalowo kuzo. Njengoba kungekho nzima ukuqagela, ukubalwa kuzomelela ukuphindaphindwa kwenani ngentengo yento ngayinye ngokwehlukana.

   Setha ikhesa kuseli lekholamu "Inani", elihambelana nento yokuqala kusuka kuhlu lwezinto ezisetafuleni. Sibeka isibonakaliso "=". Okulandelayo, kumugqa ofanayo, chofoza kuzinto zeshidi kukholamu "Ubuningi". Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izixhumanisi zayo ziboniswa ngokushesha esitokisini ukubonisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha. Ngemuva kwalokho, faka uphawu kwikhibhodi zande (*) Okulandelayo, kumugqa ofanayo, chofoza into ekholamu "Intengo".

   Kithi, ifomula elandelayo yatholakala:

   = C6 * E6

   Kepha esimweni sakho esithile, kungahle kube nezinye izixhumanisi.



8. Ukubonisa umphumela wokubala, chofoza inkinobho Ngena kwikhibhodi.



9. Kepha sinikeze umphumela isikhundla esisodwa kuphela. Kuyiqiniso, ngokufanekisa, umuntu angaletha amafomula amaseli asele ekholamu "Inani", kepha kunendlela elula futhi esheshayo ne-marker yokugcwalisa, esishilo ngenhla. Sibeka isikhombisi ekhoneni elingezansi kweseli ngefomula futhi, ngemuva kokuyiguqula ekumaka wokugcwalisa, sibambe inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele, sihudulele phansi kwigama lokugcina.



10. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izindleko eziphelele zento ngayinye etafuleni zibaliwe.



11. Manje ake sibheke inani eliphelele lazo zonke izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Weqa umugqa futhi esitokisini sokuqala somugqa olandelayo esiqopha kuwo "Izinto Zokugcina".



12. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokucindezela inkinobho yenkinobho yesinxele, khetha ibanga kwikholomu "Inani" kusuka egameni lokuqala lezinto ezibonakalayo kuya kulayini "Izinto Zokugcina" kuhlangene. Ukuba kuthebhu "Ikhaya" chofoza isithonjana "I-Autosum"etholakala kubambo kubhokisi lamathuluzi "Ukuhlela".



13. Njengoba ubona, ukubalwa kwezindleko eziphelele zokuthengwa kwazo zonke izinto zomsebenzi owenziwayo.



14. Njengoba sazi, izinkulumo zemali ezikhonjiswe kuma-ruble zivame ukusetshenziswa nezindawo ezimbili zamanani ngemuva kwephuzu ledesimali, okusho ukuthi hhayi ama-ruble kuphela, kodwa ne-penny. Etafuleni lethu, amanani wamanani wemali aboniswa kuphela yi-integer. Ukuze ulungise lokhu, khetha wonke amanani ezinombolo ezinamakholamu "Intengo" futhi "Inani", kufaka phakathi umugqa wokufingqa. Sichofoza ngakwesokudla ekukhetheni. Imenyu yokuqukethwe iyavula. Khetha into ekuyo "Ifomethi yeseli ...".



15. Ukuqalisa ukufometha kuqala. Hambisa kuthebhu "Inombolo". Ebhulokini lamapharamitha "Amafomethi ezinombolo" setha ukushintshela esimweni "Inombolo". Engxenyeni engakwesokudla yewindi enkundleni "Inani lezindawo zamadesimali" inombolo kufanele isethwe "2". Uma lokhu kungenjalo, bese ufaka inombolo oyifunayo. Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" phansi kwewindi.



16. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, manje etafuleni amanani nentengo yezindleko akhonjiswa ngezindawo ezimbili zedesimali.



17. Ngemuva kwalokho, sizosebenza kancane ekubukeni kwale ngxenye yesilinganiso. Khetha umugqa lapho igama likhona Ingxenye I: Izindleko Zempahla. Itholakala kuthebhu "Ikhaya"chofoza inkinobho "Hlanganisa nesikhungo" ebhlokini "Ukuvumelanisa i-tape". Bese uchofoza isithonjana esivele sisazi Bold ebhlokini Ifonti.



18. Ngemuva kwalokho, iya kulayini "Izinto Zokugcina". Khetha yonke indlela kuze kube sekupheleni kwetafula bese uphinde uchofoza inkinobho Bold.



19. Ngemuva kwalokho sikhetha amaseli womugqa, kepha kulokhu asifaki isici lapho inani litholakala kukho okukhethiwe. Sichofoza unxantathu ngakwesokudla kwenkinobho kubambo "Hlanganisa nesikhungo". Ukusuka ohlwini olwehlayo lwezinto, khetha inketho Hlanganisa Amaseli.



20. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinto zeshidi zihlanganiswa. Kulomsebenzi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezindleko ezibonakalayo kungabhekwa njengokuqediwe.

Isifundo: Ukufaka amatafula e-Excel

Isigaba 3: ukuhlanganiswa kwesigaba II

Siqhubeka nesigaba sokuqanjwa kwesilinganiso, esizokhombisa izindleko zokwenza umsebenzi oqondile.

1. Yeqa umugqa owodwa bese sibhala igama ekuqaleni kwelandelayo "Isigaba II: izindleko zomsebenzi".



2. Kumugqa omusha kwikholamu "Igama" bhala uhlobo lomsebenzi. Kwikholamu elilandelayo, sifaka inani lomsebenzi owenziwayo, iyunithi lesilinganiso kanye nentengo iyunithi yomsebenzi owenziwayo. Imvamisa, iyunithi lesilinganiso somsebenzi ophelele wokwakha liyimitha yesikwele, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kukhona okuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, sigcwalisa itafula, singenisa zonke izinqubo ezenziwa usonkontileka.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, sibala, sibala inani lentengo ngayinye, sibala isamba bese siyifaka ngendlela efanayo nasisenzele isigaba sokuqala. Ngakho-ke ngeke sigxile kule misebenzi.

Isigaba 4: ukubalwa kwezindleko zonke

Esigabeni esilandelayo, kufanele sibale inani lezindleko, ezibandakanya izindleko zezinto zokusebenza nezabasebenzi.

1. Weqa umugqa ngemuva kwerekhodi lokugcina bese ubhala esitokisini sokuqala "Inani lephrojekthi".



2. Ngemuva kwaloko, khetha kulolu hlaka iseli kwikholamu "Inani". Akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi inani leprojekthi ephelele izobalwa ngokungeza amanani "Izinto Zokugcina" futhi "Izindleko zonke zomsebenzi". Ngakho-ke, esitokisini esikhethiwe, faka uphawu "=", bese uqhafaza kwinto eshidi equkethe inani "Izinto Zokugcina". Bese usetha isibonakaliso esivela kwikhibhodi "+". Okulandelayo, chofoza kuseli "Izindleko zonke zomsebenzi". Sine-formula yohlobo olulandelayo:

   = F15 + F26

   Kodwa-ke, ngecala ngalinye elithile, abaxhumanisi kule formula bazoba nefomu labo.



3. Ukukhombisa izindleko ezilinganayo ephepheni ngalinye, chofoza inkinobho Ngena.



4. Uma usonkontileka ekhokha intela enezelwe ngenani, engeza eminye imigqa emibili engezansi: "VAT" futhi "Inani lephrojekthi kufaka ne-VAT".



5. Njengoba wazi, inani le-VAT eRussia liyi-18% yesisekelo sentela. Esimweni sethu, isisekelo sentela yimali ebhalwe emgqeni "Inani lephrojekthi". Ngakho-ke, sizodinga ukwengeza leli nani ngo-18% noma u-0.18. Sibeka esitokisini esisekuxhumaneni komugqa "VAT" nekholamu "Inani" uphawu "=". Okulandelayo, chofoza kuseli ngenani "Inani lephrojekthi". Kusukela kukhibhodi sibhala isisho "*0,18". Kithi, ifomula elandelayo iyatholakala:

   = F28 * 0.18

   Chofoza inkinobho Ngena ukubala umphumela.



6. Ngemuva kwalokho, sizodinga ukubala inani lezindleko zomsebenzi, kufaka ne-VAT. Kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo zokubala leli nani, kepha thina kithi kuzoba lula ukwengeza izindleko zomsebenzi ngaphandle kwe-VAT ngenani le-VAT.

   Ngakho-ke emgqeni "Inani lephrojekthi kufaka ne-VAT" kwikholamu "Inani" engeza amakheli weseli "Inani lephrojekthi" futhi "VAT" ngendlela efanayo nesifingqe izindleko zempahla nomsebenzi. Ngokwesilinganiso sethu, ifomula elandelayo iyatholakala:

   = F28 + F29

   Chofoza inkinobho ENTER. Njengoba ubona, sathola inani elikhombisa ukuthi izindleko eziphelele zokuqalwa kosonkontileka kwephrojekthi, kufaka ne-VAT, zizoba ngama-ruble angama-56,533.80.



7. Okulandelayo, sizofometha imigqa emithathu yokufingqa. Khetha kubo ngokuphelele bese uchofoza isithonjana. Bold kuthebhu "Ikhaya".



8. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuze amanani aphelele avele phakathi kweminye imininingwane ebizayo, ungakhulisa ifonti. Ngaphandle kokususa ukukhetha kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza unxantathu ngakwesokudla sensimu Usayizi wefontietholakala kubambo kubhokisi lamathuluzi Ifonti. Ukusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo, khetha usayizi wefonti, omkhulu kunowamanje.



9. Bese ukhetha yonke imigqa efingqiwe kwikholamu "Inani". Ukuba kuthebhu "Ikhaya" chofoza unxantathu ngakwesokudla inkinobho "Hlanganisa nesikhungo". Uhlu olwehliswayo, khetha inketho Hlanganisa Umugqa.

Isifundo: ifomula le-Excel VAT

Isigaba 5: Ukuqedwa kwesilinganiso

Manje ekuqedeni ngokuphelele kokwakhiwa kwesilinganiso, sidinga kuphela ukwenza ukuthinta kwezimonyo.

1. Okokuqala, sisusa imigqa eyengeziwe etafuleni lethu. Khetha ibanga leseli elengeziwe. Iya kuthebhu "Ikhaya"uma omunye evulekile njengamanje. Ebhokisini lamathuluzi "Ukuhlela" kubambo, chofoza isithonjana "Sula"okunokuvela kocishe. Kuluhlu oluvulayo, khetha isikhundla "Sula amafomethi".



2. Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwalesi senzo yonke imigqa eyengeziwe isusiwe.



3. Manje sibuyele kwinto yokuqala esiyenzile ngenkathi senza isilinganiso - egameni. Khetha ingxenye yomugqa lapho igama litholakala khona, lilingana ngobude nobubanzi bethebula. Chofoza inkinobho oyijwayele. "Hlanganisa nesikhungo".



4. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngaphandle kokususa ukukhetha kusuka ebangeni, chofoza isithonjana "Bold".



5. Siqeda ukufometha igama lesilinganiso ngokuchofoza kunkambu yefonti, futhi sikhethe lapho inani elithe xaxa kunebekade silibekele uhla lokugcina.

Ngemuva kwalokho, isabelozimali ku-Excel singabhekwa njengokuqediwe.

Sibheke isibonelo sokwenza isilinganiso esilula ku-Excel. Njengoba ubona, le processor yetafula inayo ekulweni kwayo wonke amathuluzi ukuze ibhekane kahle nalo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zingakhiwa kulolu hlelo.