UKUSETHWA KWENETHIWEKHI KU-UBUNTU

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Abasebenzisi abaningi banezinkinga zokuzama ukusetha ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi ku-Ubuntu. Imvamisa lokhu kubangelwa ukungabi nalwazi, kepha kungahle kube nezinye izizathu. I-athikili izonikeza imiyalo yokuthi zingalungiswa kanjani izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhuma ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwazo zonke izingqinamba ezinokwenzeka ngenkathi kubulawa.

Setha inethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi, kepha le ndatshana izomboza ezithandwa kakhulu: inethiwekhi enentambo, i-PPPoE, ne-DIAL-UP. Sizokhuluma nangokucushwa okuhlukile kweseva ye-DNS.

Funda futhi:
Ungayakha kanjani i-USB drive drive ebhuthwayo ne-Ubuntu
Ungayifaka kanjani ubuntu kusuka ku-flash drive

Imisebenzi Yokulungiselela

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukusungula ukuxhumana, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lukulungele lokhu. Kufanele kucaciswe ngokushesha ukuthi imiyalo eyenziwe ngaphakathi "Isiginali", zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: ezidinga amalungelo abasebenzisi (azokwandulelwa uphawu $) kanye nokudinga amalungelo aphezulu (ekuqaleni kukhona uphawu #) Nakani lokhu, ngoba ngaphandle kwamalungelo adingekayo, amaqembu amaningi amane anqaba ukwenza. Futhi kufanele sikucacise ukuthi abalingiswa uqobo lwabo "Isiginali" asikho isidingo sokungena.

Uzodinga ukwenza amaphuzu amaningi:

Qiniseka ukuthi izinsiza zokuxhuma ngokuzenzakalela kunethiwekhi zivaliwe. Isibonelo, ukumisa kudlule "Isiginali"Kunconywa ukuthi ukhubaze Umphathi Wenethiwekhi (isithonjana senethiwekhi kufasitela eliphezulu kwesokudla).
Qaphela: Ngokuya ngesimo sokuxhumeka, inkomba yeMenenja ye-Network ingavela ngokuhlukile, kepha ihlala itholakala kwesobunxele sebha yolimi.
Ukuze ukhubaze ukusetshenziswa, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
$ sudo stop umphathi wenethiwekhi
Futhi ukusebenzisa, ungasebenzisa lokhu:
$ sudo qala umphathi-kunethiwekhi
Qiniseka ukuthi amapharamitha wokuhlunga kwenethiwekhi amisiwe kahle, futhi ngeke aphazamise nganoma iyiphi indlela lapho kusethwa inethiwekhi.
Gcina imibhalo edingekile evela kumhlinzeki, ekhombisa idatha edingekayo ukumisa uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi.
Hlola umshayeli wekhadi lenethiwekhi nokuxhumeka kwentambo yomhlinzeki.

Phakathi kokunye, kufanele wazi igama le-adaptha yenethiwekhi. Ukuthola, thayipha "Isiginali" lo mugqa:

$ sudo lshw -C inethiwekhi

Ngenxa yalokhu, uzobona okuthile okufana nokulandelayo:

Bheka futhi: Imiyalo Evame ukusetshenziswa Kwisiginali seLinux

Igama le-adaptha yenethiwekhi yakho lizobe liphikisana negama "igama elinengqondo". Kulokhu "enp3s0". Yileli gama elizovela embhalweni, lingase lehluke kuwe.

Qaphela: uma ama-adapter ambalwa enethiwekhi efakiwe kukhompyutha yakho, azobalwa ngokufanele (enp3s0, enp3s1, enp3s2, njalonjalo). Nquma ukuthi iyiphi oyosebenza nayo bese uyisebenzisa kuzilungiselelo ezilandelayo.

Indlela yoku-1: Isiginali

"Isiginali" iyithuluzi lendawo yonke ukumisa konke ku-Ubuntu. Ngosizo lwayo kuzokwazi ukusungula uxhumano lwe-Intanethi lwazo zonke izinhlobo, okuzoxoxwa ngalo manje.

Ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi enentambo

Ukusetha inethiwekhi enentambo ku-Ubuntu kwenziwa ngokungeza amapharamitha amasha kufayela lokucushwa "indawo yokuxhumana". Ngakho-ke, okokuqala udinga ukuvula leli fayela impela:

$ sudo gedit / njll / inethiwekhi / izindlela

Qaphela: umyalo usebenzisa isihleli sombhalo we-Gedit ukuvula ifayela lokucushwa, kepha ungacacisa noma yimuphi omunye umhleli engxenyeni ehambisanayo, ngokwesibonelo, vi.

Bheka futhi: Abahleli bemibhalo abadumile beLinux

Manje udinga ukunquma ukuthi uluhlobo luni lwe-IP umhlinzeki wakho analo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: ezimile futhi ezinamandla. Uma ungazi kahle, bese ubiza labo. ukusekela kanye nokuxhumana opharetha.

Ukuqala, ake sibhekane ne-IP enamandla - ukucushwa kwayo kulula. Ngemuva kokufaka umyalo wangaphambilini, kufayela elivulayo, chaza okulandelayo okulandelayo:

iface [igama elibonakalayo] inet dhcp auto [igama esibonakalayo]

Kuphi:

iface [igama elibonakalayo] inet dhcp - kubhekiswa esibonakalayo esikhethiwe esinekheli elinamandla le-IP (dhcp);
auto [igama esibonakalayo] - ekungeneni kohlelo kwenza uxhumano oluzenzakalelayo lokuxhumeka okucacisiwe nawo wonke amapharamitha acacisiwe.

Ngemuva kokungena kufanele uthole okuthile okufana nalokhu:

Ungakhohlwa ukusindisa zonke izinguquko ezenziwe ngokuchofoza inkinobho ehambelana engxenyeni ephezulu kwesokudla somhleli.

I-Static IP iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ukuyilungisa. Into esemqoka ukwazi zonke eziguqukayo. Kwifayela lokulungiselela, udinga ukufaka imigqa elandelayo:

iface [igama elibonakalayo] inet static ikheli [ikheli] netmask [ikheli] isango [ikheli] dns-nameservers [ikheli] auto [igama esibonakalayo]

Kuphi:

iface [igama elibonakalayo] inet static - Chaza ikheli le-IP le-adaptha njenge-static;
ikheli [ikheli] - inquma ikheli lesibuko sakho se-ethernet kukhompyutha;
Qaphela: Ungathola ikheli le-IP ngokusebenza komyalo we-ifconfig. Kokuphuma, udinga ukubheka inani ngemuva kwe- "inet addr" - leli ikheli lekheli.
netmask [ikheli] - chaza imaskhi subnet;
isango [ikheli] - Ibonisa ikheli lesango;
dns-nameservers [ikheli] - ichaza iseva ye-DNS;
auto [igama esibonakalayo] - Ixhuma kwikhadi lenethiwekhi elishiwo lapho i-OS iqala.

Ngemuva kokungena kuwo wonke amapharamitha, uzobona okuthile okufana nokulandelayo:

Ungakhohlwa ukugcina wonke amapharamitha afakiwe ngaphambi kokuvala isihleli sombhalo.

Phakathi kokunye, ku-Ubuntu OS, ungalungiselela okwesikhashana ukuxhumeka kwakho kwi-Intanethi. Kuyahluka ngokuthi idatha ebekiwe ayiguquli amafayela wokucushwa nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi ngemuva kokuqala kabusha iPC, wonke amasethingi abekiwe ngaphambili azosethwa kabusha. Uma lesi kungokokuqala ngqa kwakho ukuzama ukuthola uxhumano olunentambo ku-Ubuntu, kunconyelwa ukuthi usebenzise le ndlela kuqala.

Wonke amapharamitha asethelwe kusetshenziswa umyalo owodwa:

$ sudo ip addr engeza 10.2.119.116/24 dev enp3s0

Kuphi:

10.2.119.116 - Ikheli le-IP lekhadi lenethiwekhi (lingase lihluke kuwe);
/24 - inani lamabhithi engxenyeni ye-prefix yekheli;
enp3s0 - uxhumano kwenethiwekhi lapho ikhebula lomhlinzeki lixhumeke khona.

Ngemuva kokufaka yonke imininingwane edingekayo nokusebenzisa umyalo ngaphakathi "Isiginali", ungabheka ukunemba kwabo. Uma i-Intanethi ivela kwi-PC, khona-ke konke ukuhluka kuqondile, futhi kungafakwa kwifayela lokucushwa.

Ukusethwa kwe-DNS

Ukusetha ukuxhumeka kwe-DNS kuzinguqulo ezahlukahlukene ze-Ubuntu kuhlukile. Ezinguqulweni ze-OS eziqala ngo-12,04 - indlela eyodwa, ngaphambili - enye. Sizobheka kuphela isikhombimsebenzisi sokuxhuma, ngoba amandla asikisela ukutholwa kwamaseva we-DNS.

Ukulungisa ezinguqulweni ze-OS ngenhla kwe-12.04 kwenzeka kwifayela elivele laziwa "indawo yokuxhumana". Faka intambo kuyo "dns-nameservers" bese ubala amanani ngesikhala.

Ngakho-ke qala ngokuvula "Isiginali" ifayela lokucushwa "indawo yokuxhumana":

$ sudo gedit / njll / inethiwekhi / izindlela

Okulandelayo, kusihleli sombhalo esivula, faka ulayini olandelayo:

dns-nameservers [ikheli]

Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele uthole okufana nalokhu, amanani kuphela angahluka:

Uma ufuna ukumisa i-DNS ku-Ubuntu phambilini, ifayela lokulungiselela lizohluka. Ngivule "Isiginali":

$ sudo gedit /etc/resolv.conf

Ngemuva kokusetha amakheli adingekayo we-DNS kuwo. Kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi, ngokungafani nokungena kwamapharamitha ngaphakathi "indawo yokuxhumana"in "resolutionv.conf" amakheli abhalwa isikhathi ngasinye nesigaba, isiqalo sisetshenziswa ngaphambi kwenani "nameserver" (ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno).

Ukusethwa kokuxhuma kwe-PPPoE

Ukucushwa kwe-PPPoE nge "Isiginali" akusho ukuthi kungeniswe ngamapharamitha amaningi kumafayili wokucushwa ahlukahlukene ekhompyutheni. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, kuzosetshenziswa iqembu elilodwa kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ukuxhumana kwe-point-to-point (PPPoE), udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

In "Isiginali" khipha:
$ sudo pppoeconf
Linda kuze kube yilapho ikhompyutha iskena amadivaysi enethiwekhi namamodi axhunywe kuyo.
Qaphela: uma ukusetshenziswa kungatholakali ihabhu, bese ubheka ukuthi ikhebula lomhlinzeki lixhunywe kahle, namandla we-modem, uma ekhona.
Ewindini elivelayo, khetha ikhadi lenethiwekhi ixhunywe kulo ikhebula lomhlinzeki (uma unekhadi lenethiwekhi elilodwa, leli windi lizokweqa).
Ewindini lokukhetha "elidumile", chofoza "Yebo".
Faka ukungena ngemvume okukhishwe umhlinzeki wakho bese uqinisekisa isenzo. Bese ufaka iphasiwedi.
Ewindi lokukhetha indlela yokuthola amaseva we-DNS, chofoza "Yebo"uma amakheli e-IP enamandla, futhi "Cha"uma static. Esimweni sesibili, faka i-server ye-DNS ngesandla.
Lapho-ke insiza izocela imvume yokukhawulela usayizi we-MSS kuya kuma-1452 amabhayithi - inikeze imvume ngokuchofoza "Yebo".
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, udinga ukunika imvume yokuxhuma ngokuzenzakalela kunethiwekhi ye-PPPoE lapho ikhompyutha iqala, ngokuchofoza "Yebo".
Ewindini lokugcina, isisetshenziswa sizocela imvume yokusungula uxhumano manje - chofoza "Yebo".

Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo ezithathiwe, ikhompyutha yakho izosungula ukuxhumana kwi-Intanethi, uma wenze konke ngendlela efanele.

Sicela wazi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuzenzakalelayo pppoeconf kubiza ukuxhumana okudala umhlinzeki we-dsl. Uma udinga ukunqamula, yenza "Isiginali" umyalo:

$ sudo poff dsl-umphakeli

Ukuze uqalise ukuxhumana, faka:

$ sudo pon dsl-umphakeli

Qaphela: uma uxhuma kwinethiwekhi usebenzisa isisetshenziswa se-pppoeconf, ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi ngokusebenzisa iMenenja ye-Network ngeke kwenzeke, ngenxa yokufakwa kwamapharamitha kufayela lokumisa le "ukuhlangana". Ukuze usethe kabusha zonke izilungiselelo futhi udlulise ukulawula kuMphathi Wenethiwekhi, udinga ukuvula ifayili "lokuhlangana" bese ubuyisela konke okuqukethwe ngombhalo ongezansi. Ngemuva kokungena longa izinguquko bese uqala kabusha inethiwekhi ngomyalo "$ sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart" (ngaphandle kwezilinganiso). Phinda uqale kabusha isisetshenziswa Somphathi Wenethiwekhi ngokuqalisa i- "$ sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager restart" (ngaphandle kwezilinganiso).

Ukusetha kokuxhumeka kwe-DIAL-UP

Ukulungiselela i-DIAL-UP, ungasebenzisa izinsizakalo ezimbili zekhonsoli: pppconfig futhi wvdial.

Setha ukuxhumana usebenzisa pppconfig elula ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, le ndlela ifana kakhulu neyangaphambili (pppoeconf): Uzobuzwa imibuzo efanayo, uphendule ngokuthi ekugcineni uzosungula ukuxhumana kwi-Intanethi. Okokuqala sebenzisa umsebenzi uqobo:

$ sudo pppconfig

Bese ulandela imiyalo. Uma ungazazi ezinye izimpendulo, kunconywa ukuxhumana othintana nalezo. yeseka umhlinzeki wakho futhi uthintane naye. Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke izilungiselelo, ukuxhumana kuzosungulwa.

Mayelana nokuhlala ne wvdialbese kwenzeka kancane. Okokuqala udinga ukufaka iphakethe ngokwalo "Isiginali". Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

$ sudo apt ukufaka i-wvdial

Kubandakanya umsebenzi owenzelwe ukucushwa okuzenzakalelayo kwawo wonke amapharamitha. Ubize "wvdialconf". Qijime:

$ sudo wvdialconf

Ngemuva kokubulawa kwayo ngaphakathi "Isiginali" Amapharamitha amaningi nezimpawu zizokhonjiswa - asikho isidingo sokuziqonda. Udinga nje kuphela ukwazi ukuthi lo msebenzi wadala ifayela elikhethekile "wvdial.conf", efake ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha adingekayo ngokuwafunda kusuka kumodemu. Okulandelayo, udinga ukuhlela ifayela elenziwe "wvdial.conf"ngiyivule "Isiginali":

$ sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iningi lezilungiselelo selivele libhaliwe, kepha amaphuzu amathathu okugcina asadinga ukulekelelwa. Uzodinga ukubhalisa kubo inombolo yocingo, igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi, ngokulandelana. Noma kunjalo, ungagijimisi ukuvala ifayili, ngoba umsebenzi olula kakhulu, kunconywa ukufaka amanye amapharamitha ambalwa:

Imizuzwana eyize = 0 - ukuxhumana ngeke kunqanyulwe noma kungasebenzi isikhathi eside ekhompyutheni;
Ukuzama Ukushayela = 0 - Kwenza imizamo engapheli yokusungula ukuxhumana;
Dayela Command = ATDP - Ukudayela kuyokwenziwa ngendlela edonswa ngamandla.

Njengomphumela, ifayela lokucushwa lizobukeka kanjena:

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi amasethingi ahlukaniswe amabhlogo amabili, anamagama ngamagama kubakaki. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukwenza izinhlobo ezimbili zokusetshenziswa kwamapharamitha. Ngakho-ke, amapharamitha ngaphansi "[I-Dialer Defaults]"izohlala ibulawa, kepha ngaphansi "[Ukudayela ukuhudula]" - lapho ucacisa inketho efanelekile kumyalo.

Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke izilungiselelo, ukuthola uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP, udinga ukusebenzisa lo myalo:

$ sudo wvdial

Uma ufuna ukusungula uxhumano lwe-pulse, bese ubhala okulandelayo:

$ sudo wvdial ishayela

Ukuze wephule ukuxhumana okusunguliwe, ku "Isiginali" kudingeka ucindezele inhlanganisela yokhiye I-Ctrl + C.

Indlela 2: Umphathi Wenethiwekhi

Ubuntu bunomsebenzi okhethekile osiza ekuxhumeni kwezinhlobo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inesikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza. Lesi Umphathi Wenethiwekhi, obizwa ngokuchofoza isithonjana esihambisanayo engxenyeni efanele yephaneli ephezulu.

Ukusethwa kwenethiwekhi enentambo

Siqala ngokufana ncamashi nokusethwa kwenethiwekhi enentambo. Okokuqala udinga ukuvula usizo ngokwalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza kusithonjana sayo bese uqhafaza Shintsha ukuxhumana kumenyu yokuqukethwe. Okulandelayo, ewindini elivelayo, yenza okulandelayo:

Chofoza inkinobho Faka.
Ewindini elivelayo, kusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo, khetha I-Ethernet bese uqhafaza "Dala ...".
Ewindini elisha, chaza igama lokuxhumeka enkanjini yokufaka ehambisanayo.
Kuthebhu I-Ethernet kusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo "Idivayisi" nquma ukuthi iliphi ikhadi le-network okufanele ulisebenzise.
Iya kuthebhu "Okujwayelekile" bese ubheka amabhokisi aseceleni kwezinto "Xhuma ngokuzenzakalela kule nethiwekhi lapho itholakala." futhi "Bonke abasebenzisi bangaxhuma kule nethiwekhi".
Kuthebhu Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4 nquma ukuthi ungahlela kanjani "Ngokuzenzakalelayo (DHCP)" - esibonakalayo esisebenzayo. Uma kuyi-static, kufanele ukhethe "Ngezandla" bese ucacisa wonke amapharamitha adingekile ohlinzekelwe ngumhlinzeki.
Cindezela inkinobho Gcina.

Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo ezenziwayo, kufanele kusungulwe uxhumano lwe-Intanethi olunentambo. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, hlola wonke amapharamitha afakiwe, mhlawumbe wenze iphutha kwenye indawo. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukubheka ukuthi uphawu lokuhlola aluphambili yini. Ukuphathwa Kwenethiwekhi kumenyu eyehlayo yesisetshenziswa.

Kwesinye isikhathi kuyasiza ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha.

Ukusethwa kwe-DNS

Ukusungula uxhumano, ungadinga ukulungiselela amaseva we-DNS ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

Vula iwindi lokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi kuMenenja Wenethiwekhi ngokukhetha kwimenyu yokusetshenziswa Shintsha ukuxhumana.
Ewindini elilandelayo, qokomisa ukuxhumana okwenziwe ngaphambili bese uchofoza i-LMB "Shintsha".
Okulandelayo, iya kuthebhu Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4 futhi ohlwini "Indlela Yokubeka" chofoza "Okuzenzakalelayo (DHCP, ikheli kuphela)". Bese kulayini Amaseva we-DNS faka idatha edingekayo, bese ucindezela inkinobho Gcina.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukumiswa kwe-DNS kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. Uma kungekho zinguquko, zama ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha ukuze iqale ukusebenza.

Ukusethwa kwe-PPPoE

Ukusetha ukuxhumana kwe-PPPoE kuMphathi Wenethiwekhi kulula njengokuthi "Isiginali". Eqinisweni, uzodinga ukucacisa kuphela ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi etholwe kumhlinzeki. Kepha cabanga ngemininingwane eminingi.

Vula iwindi kukho konke ukuxhumana ngokuchofoza kusithonjana se-Utility Manager bese ukhetha Shintsha ukuxhumana.
Qhafaza Faka, bese kusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo, khetha "Dsl". Ngemuva kokuchofoza "Dala ...".
Ewindini elivelayo, faka igama lokuxhumeka elizoboniswa kwimenyu yokusetshenziswa.
Kuthebhu "Dsl" bhala igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi emikhakheni efanele. Ngokuzithandela, ungacacisa futhi igama lesevisi, kepha lokhu kungakhethwa.
Iya kuthebhu "Okujwayelekile" bese ubheka amabhokisi aseceleni kwezinto ezimbili zokuqala.
Kuthebhu I-Ethernet ohlwini olwehliswayo "Idivayisi" Chaza ikhadi lakho lenethiwekhi.
Iya ku Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4 futhi ichaze indlela yokubeka njenge "Okuzenzakalelayo (PPPoE)" futhi ulondoloze ukukhetha kwakho ngokuchofoza inkinobho efanele. Uma udinga ukufaka iseva ye-DNS ngesandla, khetha "Ngokuzenzakalelayo (PPPoE, ikheli kuphela)" bese usetha amapharamitha adingekayo, bese uqhafaza Gcina. Futhi uma kwenzeka udinga ukufaka wonke amasethingi ngesandla, khetha into yegama elifanayo bese ulifaka emikhakheni efanele.

Manje sekuvele ukuxhumeka okusha kwe-DSL kumenyu Yenethiwekhi Yenethiwekhi, ukhetha ukuthi uzothola ini nge-Intanethi. Khumbula ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze izinguquko ziqale ukusebenza.

Isiphetho

Ngenxa yalokhu, singasho ukuthi ohlelweni olusebenza lwe-Ubuntu kukhona amathuluzi amaningi wokumisa uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi oludingekayo. Isisetshenziswa se-Network Manager sine-graphical interface, eyenza lula umsebenzi, ikakhulukazi Wabasaqalayo. Noma kunjalo "Isiginali" ivumela ukucushwa okuguquguqukayo ngokwengeziwe ngokufaka kulezo zinhlaka ezingekho ekusebenziseni.

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