Lungiselela i-Debian ngemuva kokufakwa

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I-Debian ayikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngokusebenza kwayo ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakwa. Lesi yisistimu yokusebenza okufanele uqale uyilungiselele, futhi le ndatshana izokutshela ukuthi ungayenza kanjani.

Funda futhi: Ukuhanjiswa Kwe-Linux Okudumile

Ukusetha kwe-Debian

Ngenxa yezinketho eziningi zokufaka i-Debian (inethiwekhi, eyisisekelo, kusuka kwimidiya ye-DVD), akunakwenzeka ukuthi kuhlanganiswe incwadi yezandla yonke, ngakho-ke ezinye izinyathelo kule ncwadi zizosebenza kuzinguqulo ezithile zohlelo olusebenzayo.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwesistimu

Into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo ukukuvuselela. Kepha lokhu kufanelekile kubasebenzisi abafake iDebian kusuka kwabezindaba zeDVD. Uma usebenzise indlela yenethiwekhi, khona-ke konke ukuvuselelwa okusha kuzobe sekufakwa ku-OS.

  1. Vula "Isiginali"ngokubhala igama laso kwimenyu yohlelo bese uqhafaza kusithonjana esihambelanayo.

  2. Thola amalungelo okuphakama ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

    su

    kanye nokufaka iphasiwedi echazwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa kohlelo.

    Qaphela: uma ufaka iphasiwedi, ayiveli nganoma iyiphi indlela.

  3. Gijimisa imiyalo emibili munye ngesikhathi:

    ukuvuselelwa kwe-apt-uthole
    ukuthuthukiswa kwe-apt-uthole

  4. Qala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze uqedele ukubuyekeza uhlelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungakwenza "Isiginali" sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

    qalisa phansi

Ngemuva kokuthi ikhompyutha iqale futhi, uhlelo luzovuselelwa, ngakho-ke ungaqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo sokucushwa.

Bheka futhi: Ukuthuthukela ku-Debian 8 kuya ku-9

Isinyathelo 2: Faka i-SUDO

sudo - Umbuso owenziwe ngomgomo wokunika abasebenzisi abasebenzisi amalungelo athile wokuphatha. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, lapho kubuyekezwa uhlelo kwakudingeka ukufaka iphrofayili impandelokho kudinga isikhathi esengeziwe. Uma usebenzisa sudo, ungakwazi ukweqa lesi senzo.

Ukuze ufake ukusetshenziswa ohlelweni sudo, kudingekile, ngokuba kuphrofayela impandesebenzisa umyalo:

kufaneleka ukufaka i-sudo

Ukusetshenziswa sudo ifakiwe, kepha ukuze uyisebenzise udinga ukuthola amalungelo. Kulula ukwenza lokhu ngokwenza okulandelayo:

adduser yomsebenzisiName sudo

Lapho kunalokho "Igama lomsebenzisi" kufanele ufake igama lomsebenzisi onikezwe amalungelo kulo.

Ekugcineni, qalisa uhlelo ukuze izinguquko zisebenze.

Bheka futhi: Imiyalo Evame ukusetshenziswa Kwisiginali seLinux

Isinyathelo: 3: Lungiselela amaRekhodi

Ngemuva kokufaka i-Debian, amakhosombe amisiwe kuphela ukuthola isoftware yomthombo ovulekile, kepha lokhu akwanele ukufaka inguqulo yakamuva yohlelo nabashayeli ohlelweni.

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungiselela amakhosombe okuthola isoftware yokuphathelene: ukusebenzisa uhlelo olune-graphical interface nokwenza imiyalo ku "Isiginali".

Isoftware nezibuyekezo

Ukulungiselela amakhosombe usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-GUI, yenza okulandelayo:

  1. Gijima Isoftware nezibuyekezo kusuka kumenyu yohlelo.

  2. Ithebhu "Isoftware ye-Debian" hlola amabhokisi aseceleni kwalawo maphuzu kubazali "okusemqoka", "nikela" futhi "okungekho mahhala".

  3. Ukusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo Landa kusuka Khetha iseva esiseduzane.

  4. Cindezela inkinobho Vala.

Ngemuva kwalokho, lolu hlelo luzokusiza ukuthi uvuselele yonke imininingwane etholakalayo mayelana nokugcinwa - chofoza "Vuselela", bese ulinda kuze kuphele inqubo bese uqhubekela esigatsheni esilandelayo.

Isiginali

Uma ngasizathu simbe awukwazanga ukulungiselela ukusebenzisa uhlelo Isoftware nezibuyekezo, khona-ke umsebenzi ofanayo ungenziwa ngaphakathi "Isiginali". Nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:

  1. Vula ifayela eliqukethe uhlu lwazo zonke izinto ezigciniwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-athikili izosebenzisa umhleli wombhalo IGedit, ungafaka enye endaweni efanele iqembu.

    sudo gedit /etc/apt/source.list

  2. Kumhleli ovula, engeza okuguquguqukayo kuyo yonke imigqa "okusemqoka", "nikela" futhi "okungekho mahhala".
  3. Cindezela inkinobho Gcina.
  4. Vala isihleli.

Bheka futhi: Abahleli bemibhalo abadumile beLinux

Ngenxa yalokhu, ifayela lakho kufanele libukeke kanjena:

Manje, ukuze izinguquko zisebenze, buyekeza uhlu lwamaphakeji ngomyalo:

ukuvuselelwa kwesudo

Isinyathelo 4: Ukungezelwa Kwezindawo Zasemuva

Ukuqhubeka nengqikithi yama-repositories, kunconywa ukwengeza ama-Backports ohlwini. Kuqukethe izinhlobo zakamuva zesoftware. Le phakheji ibhekwa njengovivinyo, kepha yonke i-software ekuyo izinzile. Akuzange kungene kumakhosombe asemthethweni kuphela ngesizathu sokuthi yadalwa ngemuva kokukhishwa. Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukuvuselela abashayeli, i-kernel nenye isoftware enguqulweni yakamuva, udinga ukuxhuma i-Backports repository.

Ungakwenza lokhu njengoba kwenzeka nge Isoftware nezibuyekezokanjalo futhi "Isiginali". Ake sibheke zombili lezi zindlela ngemininingwane eminingi.

Isoftware nezibuyekezo

Ukwengeza indawo yokugcina eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Backports Isoftware nezibuyekezo udinga:

  1. Qalisa uhlelo.
  2. Iya kuthebhu "Enye i-Software".
  3. Cindezela inkinobho "Faka ...".

  4. Ku-APT yomugqa faka:

    amadili //mirror.yandex.ru/debian elula-backports main main non-free(Nge-Debian 9)

    noma

    amadili //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main main non-free(Nge-Debian 8)

  5. Cindezela inkinobho "Faka umthombo".

Ngemuva kwezenzo ezenziwe, vala iwindi lohlelo, unikeze imvume yokuvuselela imininingwane.

Isiginali

In "Isiginali" Ukwengeza ikhosombe le-Backports, udinga ukufaka idatha kufayela "imithombo.hlu". Ukuze wenze lokhu:

  1. Vula ifayela elifunayo:

    sudo gedit /etc/apt/source.list

  2. Kuyo, beka isikhombisi ekugcineni komugqa wokugcina futhi, ngokucindezela ukhiye kabili Ngena, i-indent, bese ufaka imigqa elandelayo:

    amadili //mirror.yandex.ru/debian elula-backports main main non-free
    deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian elula-backports main main non-free    (Nge-Debian 9)

    noma

    amadili //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main main non-free
    deb-src //mirror.yandex.ru/debian jessie-backports main main non-free    (Nge-Debian 8)

  3. Cindezela inkinobho Gcina.
  4. Vala isihleli sombhalo.

Ukuze usebenzise wonke amapharamitha afakiwe, buyekeza uhlu lwamaphakeji:

ukuvuselelwa kwesudo

Manje, ukufaka isoftware kusuka kulokhu okuhlanganiswe ohlelweni, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

sudo apt-get ukufaka -t kutambeka-backports [igama lephakheji](Nge-Debian 9)

noma

I-sudo apt-get ukufaka i-jessie-backports [igama lephakheji](Nge-Debian 8)

Lapho kunalokho "[igama lephakeji]" faka igama lephakheji ofuna ukulifaka.

Isinyathelo 5: Faka Amafonti

Into ebalulekile yohlelo ngamafonti. Kukhona okumbalwa kakhulu okwandulelwe ku-Debian, ngakho abasebenzisi abavame ukusebenza kubahleli bemibhalo noma abanezithombe kuhlelo lwe-GIMP badinga ukuphinda bagcwalise uhlu lwamafonti akhona. Phakathi kokunye, uhlelo lweWayini ngeke lusebenze kahle ngaphandle kwazo.

Ukufaka amafonti asetshenziswe ku-Windows, udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

sudo apt-get ukufaka ttf-freefont ttf-mscorefonts-Isifaki

Ungangeza futhi amafonti kusuka kusethi ye-noto:

sudo apt-get fonts-noto

Ungafaka amanye amafonti ngokuwafuna ku-Intanethi bese uwahambisa kufolda ".ifonti"okungumpande wohlelo. Uma ungenalo le folda, zidale ngokwakho.

Isinyathelo 6: Setha ifonti bushelelezi

Ngokufaka i-Debian, umsebenzisi angabona ukungahambisani kahle kokumiswa kwamafonti wesistimu. Le nkinga ixazululeka kalula - udinga ukudala ifayela elikhethekile lokucushwa. Nakhu ukuthi ungayenza kanjani:

  1. In "Isiginali" iya kwisikhombi "/ njll / amafonti /". Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza:

    cd / njll / amafonti /

  2. Dala ifayela elisha eliqanjwe igama "wendawo.conf":

    sudo gedit yendawo.conf

  3. Kumhleli ovula, faka umbhalo olandelayo:






    i-rgb




    iqiniso




    ukukhanya




    lcddefault




    amanga


    ~ / .fonts

  4. Cindezela inkinobho Gcina bese uvalela isihleli.

Ngemuva kwalokho, amafonti azoba nokubusheleleka okujwayelekile kulo lonke uhlelo.

Isinyathelo 7: Ukuguqula Isipika Sesistimu

Lokhu kulungiselelwa akudingeki ukuthi kwenzelwe bonke abasebenzisi, kepha kwenzelwa kuphela labo abezwa umsindo wesici kusuka kuyunithi yabo yesistimu. Iqiniso ngukuthi kweminye imihlangano le nketho ayikhutshaziwe. Ukulungisa le nkinga, udinga:

  1. Vula ifayela lokucushwa "fbdev-blacklist.conf":

    sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf

  2. Ekugcineni, bhala umugqa olandelayo:

    uhlu lwabamnyama pcspkr

  3. Gcina izinguquko bese uvala isihleli.

Sisanda kungenisa imodyuli "pcspkr", obhekele umsindo wesipika sohlelo, ifakwe kuhlu lwabhalwa igama, ngokulandelanayo, inkinga ihleliwe.

Isinyathelo 8: Faka ama-Codecs

Uhlelo kuphela lwe-Debian olufakiwe alunawo ama-codecs we-multimedia, lokhu kungenxa yokufaneleka kwawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzisi ngeke akwazi ukuxhumana namafomethi amaningi womsindo nevidiyo. Ukulungisa isimo, udinga ukusifaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

  1. Qalisa umyalo:

    sudo apt-get ufake libavcodec-extra57 ffmpeg

    Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka, kuzodingeka uqinisekise isenzo ngokuthayipha uphawu kukhibhodi D futhi ngokuchofoza Ngena.

  2. Manje udinga ukufaka ama-codecs amanye, kepha asekhosombeni elihlukile, ngakho-ke udinga ukungeza ohlelweni kuqala. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khipha imiyalo emithathu:

    su
    echo "# Debian Multimedia
    deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org welula okungeyona mahhala "> '/etc/apt/source.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'    (Nge-Debian 9)

    noma

    su
    echo "# Debian Multimedia
    deb ftp://ftp.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free "> '/etc/apt/source.list.d/deb-multimedia.list'    (Nge-Debian 8)

  3. Vuselela okugciniwe:

    ukuvuselela i-apt

    Emiphumeleni, ungabona ukuthi kwenzeke iphutha - isistimu ayikwazi ukuthola ukhiye wokugcina we-GPG.

    Ukulungisa lokhu, sebenzisa lo myalo:

    i-apt-key Adv --recv-key --keyserver pkupkeys.mit.edu 5C808C2B65558117

    Qaphela: kwezinye kwakhiwa isiDebian, umsebenzi we- "dirmngr" ulahlekile, ngenxa yalokhu umyalo wehluleka. Kufanele ifakwe ngokuqalisa umyalo "sudo apt-get ufake dirmngr".

  4. Hlola ukuthi iphutha selilungisiwe:

    ukuvuselela i-apt

    Siyabona ukuthi akukho phutha, ngakho-ke indawo efakiwe ingeziwe ngempumelelo.

  5. Faka ama-codecs adingekayo ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

    faka i-libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3vame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdcss2 w64codecs(kohlelo lwe-64-bit)

    noma

    faka i-libfaad2 libmp4v2-2 libfaac0 alsamixergui twolame libmp3lame0 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4 libdvdreadss libdvdcss2(kohlelo lwe-32-bit)

Ngemuva kokuqeda wonke amaphuzu, uzofaka wonke ama-codec adingekayo ohlelweni lwakho. Kepha lokho akusona ukuphela kokusethwa kukaDebor.

Isinyathelo 9: Faka i-Flash Player

Labo abajwayela iLinux bayazi ukuthi abakhi beFlash Player ababuyekezi umkhiqizo wabo kule nkundla isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, futhi futhi ngoba lolu hlelo luhlobene, alunakukwabiwa okuningi. Kepha kunendlela elula yokuyifaka ku-Debian.

Ukufaka i-Adobe Flash Player okudingeka uyenze:

sudo kufaneleka ukufaka i-flashplugin-nonfree

Ngemuva kwalokho kuzofakwa. Kepha uma uzosebenzisa isiphequluli seChromium, bese usebenzisa omunye umyalo:

sudo apt-get ukufaka pepperflashplugin-nonfree

KwiMozilla Firefox, umyalo uhlukile:

sudo apt-get ukufaka i-flashplayer-mozilla

Manje zonke izinto zamasayithi athuthukisiwe kusetshenziswa iFlash zizotholakala kuwe.

Isinyathelo 10: Faka iJava

Uma ufuna uhlelo lwakho libonise kahle izinto ezenziwe ngolimi lokuhlela lweJava, kufanele ufake leli phakheji ku-OS yakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo owodwa kuphela:

sudo apt-get ukufaka okuzenzakalelayo-jre

Ngemuva kokubulawa, uzothola inguqulo ye-Java Runtime mazingira. Kepha ngeshwa, ayilungele ukudala izinhlelo zeJava. Uma udinga le ndlela, bese ufaka i-Java Development Kit:

sudo apt-get ukufaka okuzenzakalelayo-jdk

Isinyathelo 11: Ukufaka Izicelo

Akunasidingo ukusebenzisa kuphela inguqulo yedeskithophu yohlelo lokusebenza "Isiginali"lapho kungenzeka ukusebenzisa isoftware enesimo sokuqhafaza. Sikunikeza iqoqo lesoftware enconyelwe ukufakwa ohlelweni.

  • evince - isebenza ngamafayela e-PDF;
  • vlc - Isidlali sevidiyo esidumile;
  • ifolda-roller - Okokugcina umlando;
  • i-bleachbit - Hlanza uhlelo;
  • gimp - Isihleli semifanekiso (i-analogue ye-Photoshop);
  • clementine - Isidlali somculo;
  • qalculate - wokubala;
  • ukudubula - Uhlelo lokubuka izithombe;
  • gpped - Isihleli sokuhlukaniswa kwediski;
  • diodon - Umphathi webhodi yokunamathisela;
  • umbhali-libreoffice - processor yamagama;
  • libreoffice-calc - Itafula processor.

Ezinye izinhlelo ezivela kulolu hlu zingafakwa ohlelweni lwakho lokusebenza, konke kuncike ekwakhiweni.

Ukufaka noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa kusuka kuhlu, sebenzisa umyalo:

sudo apt-get ukufaka i-ProgramName

Lapho kunalokho "Igama Lenhlelo" faka igama la hlelo.

Ukufaka zonke izinhlelo ngasikhathi sinye, mane nje ubhale amagama abo ngesikhala:

sudo apt-get ufake file-roller evince diodon qalculate clementine vlc gimp shotback gpokeng libreoffice-umbhali libreoffice-calc

Ngemuva kokuthi umyalo wenziwe, kuzoqala ukulanda okude, ngemuva kwalokho kuzofakwa yonke isoftware ebekiwe.

Isinyathelo 12: Ukufaka Abashayeli ekhadini Le-Graphics

Ukufaka umshayeli wekhadi lemifanekiso yokuphathelene ku-Debian inqubo eyimpumelelo yayo incike ezintweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma une-AMD. Ngenhlanhla, esikhundleni sokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwakho konke ukuthobeka nokwenziwa kwemiyalo eminingi ngaphakathi "Isiginali", ungasebenzisa iskripthi esikhethekile esilanda futhi sifake yonke into ngokwayo. Manje sekuzokhulunywa ngaye manje.

Okubalulekile: lapho ufaka abashayeli, iskripthi sivala zonke izinqubo zabaphathi bewindi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imiyalo, gcina zonke izinto ezidingekayo.

  1. Vula "Isiginali" bese uya kwisikhombi "ibha"yini ekuhlukaniselweni kwezimpande:

    cd / usr / wendawo / ubhavu

  2. Landa umbhalo kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni i-sgfxi:

    i-sudo wget -Nc smxi.org/sgfxi

  3. Mnikeze ilungelo lokukhipha:

    sudo chmod + x sgfxi

  4. Manje udinga ukuya kukhonsoli ebonakalayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye I-Ctrl + Alt + F3.
  5. Faka igama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi.

  6. Thola amalungelo aphezulu

    su

  7. Sebenzisa iskripthi ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

    i-sgfxi

  8. Ngalesi sikhathi, iskripthi sizovivinya i-Hardware yakho bese sinikezela ngokufaka umshayeli wamuva nje kuso. Ungaphuma bese ukhetha uhlobo lwakho ngokwakho ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

    sgfxi -o [uhlobo lomshayeli]

    Qaphela: ungathola zonke izinhlobo ezitholakalayo zokufaka usebenzisa umyalo we- "sgfxi -h".

Ngemuva kwakho konke ukwenza, iskripthi sizoqala ukulanda futhi sifake umshayeli okhethiwe. Kumele nje ulinde kuze kuphele inqubo.

Uma ngesizathu esithile unquma ukususa umshayeli ofakiwe, ungakwenza lokhu usebenzisa umyalo:

sgfxi -n

Izinkinga ezingaba khona

Njenganoma iyiphi enye isoftware, iskripthi i-sgfxi inamaphutha. Lapho kwenziwa, amaphutha athile kungenzeka. Manje sizohlaziya abaziwa kakhulu kubo bese sinikeza imiyalo yokuqedwa.

  1. Yehlulekile ukususa imojula yeNouveau.. Ukuxazulula inkinga kulula impela - udinga ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha bese uqala iskripthi futhi.
  2. Ama-consoles we-Virtual azoshintsha ngokuzenzakalela. Uma phakathi nenqubo yokufaka ubona ikhonsoli entsha ebonakalayo esikrinini, bese uqalisa kabusha inqubo imane ibuyela kweyedlule ngokucindezela I-Ctrl + Alt + F3.
  3. Isilungu ekuqaleni kokuhlinzwa kukhiqiza iphutha. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kungenxa yephakeji elilahlekile kohlelo. "ukwakha-kubalulekile". Iskripthi siyikhipha ngokuzenzakalela ngesikhathi sokufakwa, kepha kukhona futhi ukubuka. Ukuxazulula inkinga, faka iphakheji ngokwakho ngokufaka umyalo:

    i-apt-Get ukufaka eyokubaluleka

Lezi bekuyizinkinga ezivame kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa iskripthi, uma ungatholanga esakho phakathi kwazo, ungazijwayeza uhlobo oluphelele lwebhukwana, elitholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yonjiniyela.

Isinyathelo 13: Ukusetha i-NumLock ngokuzenzakalelayo

Zonke izinto ezibalulekile zohlelo sezivele zilungiselelwe, kepha ekugcineni kufanelekile ukuthi ziklungiselele kanjani ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo kwepaneli yedijithali ye-NumLock. Iqiniso ngukuthi ekusatshalalisweni kwe-Debian, ngokuzenzakalela, le pharamitha ayilungiselelwe, futhi iphaneli kufanele livulwe isikhathi ngasinye ngokwayo lapho uhlelo luqala.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlele, udinga:

  1. Landa iphakheji "I -locklockx". Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngena "Isiginali" lo myalo:

    sudo apt-get ukufaka i-numlockx

  2. Vula ifayela lokucushwa "Okuzenzakalelayo". Leli fayela libhekele ukwenza imiyalo ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ikhompyutha iqala.

    sudo gedit / etc / gdm3 / Init / Okuzenzakalelayo

  3. Faka umbhalo olandelayo emugqeni ngaphambi kwepharamitha "phuma 0":

    uma [-x / usr / bin / inombolo /locklockx]; ke
    / usr / bin / inombolo ye -locklockx
    fi

  4. Gcina izinguquko bese uvala isihleli sombhalo.

Manje, lapho ikhompyutha iqala, iphaneli yedijithali izovulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Isiphetho

Ngemuva kokuphothula wonke amaphuzu kuhlahlandlela wokucushwa kwe-Debian, uzothola ikhithi yokusabalalisa engalungele kuphela ukuxazulula imisebenzi yansuku zonke yomsebenzisi ojwayelekile, kodwa futhi nokusebenzela ikhompyutha. Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi izilungiselelo ezingenhla eziyisisekelo, futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezakhi zohlelo ezisetshenziswa kuphela.

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