Ukufaka uhlelo olusebenzayo lweCentOS 7 ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukile kunqubo nokunye ukusatshalaliswa okusekelwe ku-Linux kernel, ngakho-ke noma umsebenzisi onolwazi angahlangabezana nezinkinga eziningi lapho enza lo msebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo luhlelwe kahle ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Yize kungenzeka ukwenza lokho ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwale nqubo, i-athikili izonikeza imiyalo yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu ngesikhathi sokufakwa.
Funda futhi:
Ukufaka i-Debian 9
Faka i-Linux Mint
Faka Ubuntu
Faka futhi ulungiselele i-CentOS 7
I-CentOS 7 ingafakwa kusuka ku-USB flash drive noma iCD / DVD, ngakho-ke lungiselela idrayivu yakho okungenani i-2 GB ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Kuyafaneleka ukwenza inothi ebalulekile: ukuqapha ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwesigaba ngasinye somyalo, ngoba ngaphezu kokufakwa okujwayelekile, uzomisa uhlelo oluzayo. Uma ungazinaki ezinye izinhlaka noma uzibeka ngokungeyikho, khona-ke ngemuva kokusebenzisa i-CentOS 7 kukhompyutha yakho, ungahlangabezana namaphutha amaningi.
Isinyathelo 1: Landa ukusatshalaliswa
Okokuqala udinga ukulanda uhlelo lokusebenza uqobo. Kunconywa ukwenza lokhu kusuka esizeni esisemthethweni ukuze ugweme izinkinga ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo engathembekile ingaqukatha izithombe ze-OS ezitheleleke ngamagciwane.
Landa i-CentOS 7 kusuka kusayithi esemthethweni
Ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi esingenhla, uzoyiswa ekhasini lokukhetha inguqulo yokusabalalisa.
Lapho ukhetha, yakha ngevolumu yedrayivu yakho. Ngakho-ke uma ibamba i-16 GB, khetha "Konke ISO", lapho uzofaka uhlelo lokusebenza nazo zonke izinto ngasikhathi sinye.
Qaphela: uma uhlose ukufaka i-CentOS 7 ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi, kufanele ukhethe le ndlela.
Inguqulo "DVD ISO" Inesisindo esingu-3.5 GB, ngakho-ke yilandise uma une-USB flash drive noma idiski okungenani i-4 GB. "ISO Elincane" - I ukusatshalaliswa elula. Inesisindo cishe i-1 GB, ngoba ayinazo izinto eziningi, isibonelo, akukho ukukhetha kwemvelo yokuqhafaza, okungukuthi, uma ungenalo uxhumano lwe-Intanethi, uzobe usufaka uhlobo lweseva lweCentOS 7.
Qaphela: emva kwenethiwekhi isilungiselelwe, ungafaka igobolondo lesithombe se-desktop kusuka kunguqulo ye-OS ye-OS.
Ngemuva kokunquma ngenguqulo yohlelo lokusebenza, chofoza inkinobho efanele esizeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzoya ekhasini lokukhetha isibuko lapho uhlelo luzolayishwa khona.
Kunconywa ukulayisha i-OS usebenzisa izixhumanisi ezitholakala eqenjini "Izwe Langempela"Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu sokulanda.
Isinyathelo 2: dala i-driveable drive
Masinyane nje lapho isithombe sokuhanjiswa silandwe kwikhompyutha, kufanele ibhalwe ku-drive. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ungasebenzisa i-USB flash drive noma iCD / DVD. Kunezindlela eziningi zokufeza lo msebenzi, ungazijwayela ngazo zonke kwiwebhusayithi yethu.
Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Sibhala isithombe se-OS kwi-USB flash drive
Shisa isithombe se-OS kudiski
Isinyathelo 3: Ukuqala i-PC kusuka ku-driveable drive
Lapho usuvele unayo idrayivu enesithombe se-CentOS 7 esiqoshiwe ezandleni zakho, udinga ukusifaka kwi-PC yakho bese uyiqala phansi. Kukhompyutha ngayinye, lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela ehlukile, kuya nge-BIOS version. Ngezansi izixhumanisi zazo zonke izinto ezidingekayo, ezichaza ukuthi ungayinquma kanjani inguqulo ye-BIOS nokuthi ungaqala kanjani ikhompyutha kusuka ku-drive.
Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Landa i-PC kusuka ku-drive
Thola uhlobo lwe-BIOS
Isinyathelo 4: Ukusetha
Njengoba usuqale ikhompyutha, uzobona imenyu lapho udinga ukunquma ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani uhlelo. Kunezindlela ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo:
- Faka i-CentOS Linux 7 - ukufakwa okujwayelekile;
- Hlola lo midiya bese ufaka i-CentOS Linux 7 - Ukufaka ngemuva kokubheka idrayivu yamaphutha abucayi.
Uma uqinisekile ukuthi isithombe sohlelo siqoshwe ngaphandle kwamaphutha, bese ukhetha into yokuqala bese uqhafaza Ngena. Ngaphandle kwalokho, khetha into yesibili ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi isithombe esirekhodiwe kufanelekile.
Okulandelayo, ukufakwa kuzoqala.
Yonke inqubo yokusetha kabusha uhlelo ingahlukaniswa izigaba:
- Khetha ulimi nezinhlobonhlobo zalo ohlwini. Ulimi lombhalo oluzokhonjiswa kufakiwe luzoncika ekukhetheni kwakho.
- Kumenyu enkulu, chofoza entweni "Usuku nesikhathi".
- Esibonakalayo esivele, khetha indawo yakho yesikhathi. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu: chofoza kumephu yendawo yangakini noma uyikhethe ohlwini "Isifunda" futhi "Idolobha"ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokunxele lewindi.
Lapha ungakwazi ukunquma isimo sesikhathi esibonisiwe kuhlelo: Ihora le-24 noma AM / PM. Ukushintshana okuhambisanayo kutholakala ezansi kwewindi.
Ngemuva kokukhetha umkhawulo wesikhathi, cindezela inkinobho Kwenziwe.
- Kumenyu enkulu, chofoza entweni Ikhibhodi.
- Ukusuka ohlwini olusewindini lwesobunxele, Hudula izilungiselelo zekhibhodi oyifunayo ngakwesokunene. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kugqamise bese uchofoza inkinobho ehambelana ngezansi.
Qaphela: ukwakheka kwekhibhodi ngenhla kuyinto eza kuqala, okungukuthi, izokhethwa ku-OS ngokushesha ngemuva kokulayishwa.
Ungashintsha nezinkinobho zokushintsha ukwakheka ohlelweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele uchofoze "Izinketho" futhi ubachaze ngesandla (okwakhona I-Alt + Shift) Ngemuva kokusetha, chofoza inkinobho Kwenziwe.
- Kumenyu enkulu, khetha "Inethiwekhi negama lomsingathi".
- Setha ukushintshwa kwenethiwekhi ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla sewindi ukuze Kunikwe amandla bese ufaka igama lokusingathwa kwinkambu yokokufaka ekhethekile.
Uma amapharamitha we-Ethernet owatholayo engekho kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, hhayi nge-DHCP, kuzodingeka uwafake ngesandla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho Yenza ngokwezifiso.
Okulandelayo kuthebhu "Okujwayelekile" beka izimpawu zokuqala ezimbili. Lokhu kuzohlinzeka ngoxhumano lwe-inthanethi oluzenzakalelayo lapho uqala ikhompyutha.
Ithebhu I-Ethernet ohlwini, khetha i-adaptha yenethiwekhi yakho lapho ikhebula lomhlinzeki lixhunywe khona.
Manje yiya kuthebhu Izilungiselelo ze-IPv4, chaza indlela yokucushwa njengeyasesandleni futhi ufake izinkambu zokufaka yonke imininingwane enikezwe umhlinzeki wakho.
Ngemuva kokuphothula izinyathelo, qiniseka ukuthi usindisa izinguquko, bese uqhafaza Kwenziwe.
- Chofoza kumenyu "Ukukhetha Uhlelo".
- Uhlu "Imvelo eyisisekelo" khetha imvelo yedeskithophu ofuna ukuyibona kuCentOS 7. Kanye negama layo, ungafunda incazelo emfushane. Ewindini "Izengezo zemvelo ekhethiwe" khetha isoftware ofuna ukuyifaka ohlelweni.
Qaphela: yonke isoftware ebekiwe ingalandwa ngemuva kokuthi ukufakwa kohlelo lokusebenza kuqediwe.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ukucushwa kokuqala kohlelo lwesikhathi esizayo kubhekwa njengokuphelele. Okulandelayo, udinga ukwahlukanisa idiski bese udala abasebenzisi.
Isinyathelo 5: Ukushayela iDrayivu
Ukwehlukanisa idiski ekufakweni kwesistimu yokusebenza kuyisinyathelo esibucayi, ngakho-ke kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela ibhukwana elingezansi.
Ekuqaleni, udinga ukuya ngqo ewindini lemaki. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Kumenyu enkulu yokufaka, khetha "Indawo yokufaka".
- Ewindini elivelayo, khetha idrayivu okuzofakwa kuyo i-CentOS 7, bese ukhetha inkinobho endaweni "Ezinye izinketho zesitoreji" esikhundleni "Ngizomisa izigaba". Ngemuva kwalokho kuchofoza Kwenziwe.
Qaphela: uma ufaka i-CentOS 7 kudrayivu ehlanzekile, bese ukhetha "ukudala ukuhlukaniswa ngokuzenzakalelayo."
Manje ususewindini lemashi. Isibonelo sisebenzisa idiski lapho izingcezu sezakhiwe kakade, kuwe kungenzeka zingabi. Uma singekho isikhala samahhala kwi-hard disk, lapho-ke ukufaka i-OS, kufanele usabe kuqala ngokususa ukwahlukanisa okungadingekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokulandelayo:
- Khetha ukwahlukanisa ofuna ukususa. Kithi "/ boot".
- Chofoza inkinobho "-".
- Qinisekisa isenzo ngokucindezela inkinobho Susa ewindini elivelayo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, isigaba sizosuswa. Uma ufuna ukusula ngokuphelele i-disk yakho yokuhlukaniswa, bese wenza lo msebenzi ngokwahlukana.
Okulandelayo, uzodinga ukudala ama-partitions wokufaka i-CentOS 7. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokwenza lokhu: ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokwenza ngesandla. Esokuqala sifaka ukukhetha into "Chofoza lapha ukuze udale ngokuzenzakalelayo.".
Kepha kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isifaki sinikezela ukudala ama-partitions ama-4: ikhaya, izimpande, / ibhuthini kanye nesigaba sokushintshana. Ngasikhathi sinye, izokwabela ngokuzenzakalelayo inani elithile lememori ngakunye ngakunye.
Uma lokho kufanelana kwe-markup, chofoza Kwenziweuma kungenjalo, ungakha zonke izigaba ezidingekayo ngokwakho. Manje sizokutshela ukuthi ukwenze kanjani:
- Chofoza inkinobho ngophawu "+"ukuvula iwindi lokudala iphuzu lokudala.
- Ewindini elivelayo, khetha iphoyinti elisentabeni bese ucacisa ubukhulu besahlukaniso esizokwakhiwa.
- Cindezela inkinobho "Okulandelayo".
Ngemuva kokudala isigaba, ungashintsha eminye imingcele engxenyeni efanele yewindows efakiwe.
Qaphela: uma ungenalo ulwazi olwanele lwamadiski ahlukanisayo, khona-ke ukwenza izinguquko ekuhlukaniseni okwenziwe ngalo akunconyiwe. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, isifaki sisetha izilungiselelo ezinhle kakhulu.
Ukwazi ukuthi ungawakha kanjani ama-partitions, hlukanisa idrayivu njengoba ufisa. Bese ucindezela inkinobho Kwenziwe. Okungenani, kunconyelwa ukuthi udale ukwahlukanisa izimpande, kuboniswe wuphawu "/" kanye nesigaba sokushintshana - "shintshana".
Ngemuva kokucindezela Kwenziwe kuzovela iwindi lapho kuzoguqulwa khona zonke izinguquko ezenziwayo. Funda lo mbiko ngokucophelela futhi, ngaphandle kokuqaphela noma yini engelutho, cindezela inkinobho Vuma Izinguquko. Uma kunokungafani kuhlu ngezenzo ezenziwe ngaphambilini, chofoza "Khansela bese ubuyela ekuhleleni ukuhlukaniswa".
Ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwe-disk, isigaba sokugcina, sokugcina sokufaka i-CentOS 7 uhlelo lokusebenza sisalele.
Isinyathelo 6: Ukufaka okuphelele
Lapho usuqede ukwakheka kwe-disk, uzothathwa uyiswe kwimenyu enkulu yokufaka, lapho udinga khona uchofoze "Qala ukufaka".
Emva kwalokho, uzoyiswa ewindini Okuncamelayo Komsebenzisilapho izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula kufanele zithathwe:
- Okokuqala, setha iphasiwedi ephezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza entweni "I-password Root".
- Kwikholamu yokuqala, faka iphasiwedi yakho, bese uyifaka ekholamu yesibili bese uqhafaza Kwenziwe.
Qaphela: uma ufaka iphasiwedi emfushane, khona-ke ngemuva kokuchofoza u- "Qeda" uhlelo luzokucela ukuthi ufake enye eyinkimbinkimbi. Lo mlayezo unganakwa ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Qeda" okwesibili.
- Manje udinga ukudala umsebenzisi omusha bese umabela amalungelo wokuphatha. Lokhu kuzonyusa ukuphepha kohlelo. Ukuze uqale, chofoza Dala Umsebenzisi.
- Ewindini elisha udinga ukusetha igama lomsebenzisi, ungene ngemvume bese usetha iphasiwedi.
Uyacelwa uqaphele: ukufaka igama, ungasebenzisa noma yiluphi ulimi necala lezinhlamvu, kuyilapho ukungena ngemvume kufanele kufakwe usebenzisa icala eliphansi nokubekwa kwekhibhodi yesiNgisi.
- Ungakhohlwa ukwenza ukuthi umsebenzisi adaleke umlawuli ngokubheka into ehambelana nayo.
Sonke lesi sikhathi, ngenkathi udala umsebenzisi futhi usetha iphasiwedi ye-akhawunti ye-superuser, uhlelo belufakwa ngemuva. Lapho zonke lezi zenzo ezingenhla seziphothuliwe, kusalokhu kulindwe ukuphela kwenqubo. Ungalandelela inqubekela phambili yayo ngenkomba ehambisanayo ezansi kwewindows efakiwe.
Lapho nje strip sifinyelela esiphelweni, udinga ukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza inkinobho enegama elifanayo, ngemuva kokukhipha i-USB flash drive noma iCD / DVD-ROM enesithombe se-OS ekhompyutheni.
Lapho ikhompyutha iqala, kuvela imenyu ye-GRUB, lapho udinga ukukhetha khona uhlelo olusebenzayo ukuze luqale. Ku-athikili, i-CentOS 7 ifakiwe kwi-hard drive ehlanzekile, ngakho-ke kukhona okufakiwe okubili kuphela ku-GRUB:
Uma ufake i-CentOS 7 eduze nolunye uhlelo olusebenzayo, kuzoba neminye imigqa kwimenyu. Ukuqala uhlelo osanda kulufaka, udinga ukukhetha "I-CentOS Linux 7 (Core), nge-Linux 3.10.0-229.e17.x86_64".
Isiphetho
Ngemuva kokuqala i-CentOS 7 ngokusebenzisa i-bootboxer ye-GRUB, udinga ukukhetha umsebenzisi owakhiwe bese ufaka iphasiwedi yakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu, uzoyiswa kudeskithophu, uma ngabe kukhethwe eyodwa ukuze ifakwe phakathi kwenqubo yokusetha yesifaki sohlelo. Uma wenze isenzo ngasinye esichazwe emiyalweni, khona-ke uhlelo akudingeki ukuthi lumiswe, njengoba lwenziwe ngaphambili, ngaphandle kwalokho ezinye izinto kungenzeka zingasebenzi kahle.
