Ukukhetha kwe-router. Yikuphi i-router ye-Wi-Fi ongayithenga ekhaya?

Sawubona ntambama

Namuhla sine-athikili ende ende kudivayisi eyodwa encane - i-router. Ngokuvamile, ukukhethwa kwe-router kuvame ukuncika ezintweni ezimbili ezibalulekile: umhlinzeki wakho we-Intanethi nemisebenzi ozoyixazulula. Ukuze uphendule umbuzo owodwa nomunye, kubalulekile ukuthinta ama-nuances amaningi. Ngiyathemba ukuthi amathiphu akulendatshana azokusiza wenze ukukhetha okulungile futhi uthenge i-Wi-Fi router ngqo le oyidingile (le ndatshana izoba mnandi, okokuqala, kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile abathenga i-router yasekhaya, hhayi ukwenza inethiwekhi yendawo kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ethile).

Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ...

1. Izici ezithokozisayo nemisebenzi ama-routers angayixazulula

Ake siqale ngeqiniso lokuthi i-router iyadingeka kuphela uma ufuna ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi namanye amadivaysi asendlini, njenge-TV, i-laptop, ifoni, ithebhulethi, njll., Ngaphandle kwekhompyutha ejwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke la madivayisi azokwazi ukushintshanisa idatha nomunye. kunethiwekhi yendawo.

I-ZyXEL router - ukubuka okungasemuva.

I-router ngayinye inamachweba ajwayelekile wokuxhuma: i-WAN ne-3-5 LAN.

Intambo yakho evela ku-ISP ixhumeke ku-WAN.

Ikhompyutha emile ixhumeke echwebeni le-LAN, ngasendleleni, angicabangi ukuthi kunomuntu ongaphezulu kwe-2 kubo endlini.

Kuhle futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - i-router futhi ifaka ikhaya lakho inethiwekhi engenantambo ye-Wi-Fi lapho amadivaysi asekela lobu buchwepheshe (ngokwesibonelo, ilaptop) engaxhuma khona. Ngenxa yalokhu, ungahamba uzungeza efulethini usebenzisa i-laptop ezandleni zakho futhi ukhulume ngokuzolile ku-Skype, ngesikhathi esifanayo udlala ithoyizi. Hawu?!

Isici esijabulisayo kakhulu kuma-routers anamuhla ukuba khona kwesixhumi se-USB.

Yini azoyinikeza?

1) I-USB ivumela, okokuqala, ukuxhuma iphrinta ku-router. Iphrinta izovulelwa kunethiwekhi yakho yendawo, futhi ungaphrinta kuyo kusuka kunoma iyiphi ithuluzi ekhaya lakho elixhumeke ku-router.

Noma, ngokwesibonelo, kimi uqobo lokhu akuyona inzuzo, ngoba iphrinta ingaxhunywa kwikhompyutha ethile futhi ivuleke ukungena ngeWindows. Kuliqiniso, ukuze uthumele idokhumenti yokuphrinta, kufanele kuvulwe kokubili iphrinta nekhompyutha exhunywe kuyo. Lapho iphrinta ixhumeke ngqo ku-router, awudingi ukuvula ikhompyutha.

2) Ungaxhuma i-USB flash drive noma i-hard drive yangaphandle ethekwini le-USB. Lokhu kuyasebenza ezimeni lapho udinga ukwaba khona yonke idiski yolwazi ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Kuyinto elula uma ulayisha inqwaba yama-movie kwi-hard drive yangaphandle bese uyixhuma ku-router ukuze ukwazi ukubuka ama-movie kunoma iyiphi ithuluzi ekhaya.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi lokhu kungenziwa futhi ngeWindows, ngokuvula ukufinyelela kufolda noma kuyo yonke idiski lapho kusethwa inethiwekhi yendawo. Ukuphela kwento, ikhompyutha futhi kumele ivulwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.

3) Amanye ama-routers anesifufula esakhelwe ngaphakathi (ngokwesibonelo, amamodeli athile we-Asus), ukuze nge-USB bakwazi ukulanda ngokuqondile imininingwane kwabezindaba abaxhume kubo. Ukuphela kwento ukuthi ijubane lokulanda kwesinye isikhathi lincane kakhulu uma ulanda ngokuqondile ifayela kusuka kwikhompyutha.

Umzila ASUS RT-N66U. Iklayenti lesifufula elakhelwe ngaphakathi neseva yokuphrinta.

2. Ungaqala kuphi ukukhetha i-router?

Ngokwami, ngincomela ukuthi uqale uthole ukuthi iyiphi inqubo oyixhumeke kwi-Intanethi. Ungakwenza lokhu nomhlinzeki wakho we-Intanethi, noma ucacise kwisivumelwano (noma ephepheni elinamathiselwe kwisivumelwano ngezilungiselelo zokungena kwi-Intanethi). Phakathi kwamapharamitha wokufinyelela, ihlala ibhaliwe ukuthi uzoxhuma yiphi protocol.

Kungemva kwalokho kuphela, ungabheka ijubane elisekelwayo, izinhlobo zomkhiqizo, njll. Ngokombono wami, awukwazi ukunaka umbala, njengoba amantombazane amaningi enza, kunoma yikuphi, idivaysi isazokube ilele ndawo ethile ngemuva kwekhabethe, phansi, lapho kungekho muntu akaboni ...

2.1. Amaphrothokholi asekelwayo

Futhi-ke, eRussia, ukuxhumana okuvame kakhulu kwe-Intanethi kuthathwa yizivumelwano ezintathu: I-PPTP, i-PPPoE, i-L2PT. Okuvame kakhulu mhlawumbe yi-PPPoE.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwabo?

Gxila ezintweni zobuchwepheshe nemigomo, ngicabanga ukuthi akunangqondo. Ngizochaza ngolimi olulula. I-PPPoE kulula ukuyilungisa kunokuthi, i-PPTP. Isibonelo, uma ulungiselela i-PPPoE, wenza iphutha kuzilungiselelo ze-LAN, kepha faka igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi kahle - i-router yakho izoxhuma kwi-Intanethi, futhi uma ulungiselela i-PPTP, awuyikwenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PPPoE ivumela isivinini sokuxhuma esiphakeme, cishe i-5-15%, kwezinye izimo size sifinyelele ku-50-70%.

Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuthi yimuphi umhlinzeki wakho ohlinzeka, ngaphezu kwe-Intanethi. Isibonelo, i- "Corbina" ihlinzeka, ngaphezu kwe-Intanethi, ukuxhumana kwe-IP-telephony kanye nomabonakude we-Intanethi. Kulokhu, udinga i-router ukusekela ubuchwepheshe be-multicast.

Ngendlela, uma uxhuma kumhlinzeki wesevisi ye-Intanethi okokuqala, khona-ke imvamisa yokwethulwa futhi i-router kuwe ngaphezu kwalokho, awudingi ngisho nokuyithenga. Kuliqiniso, ezimeni eziningi kunesichasiselo sokuthi ezimeni uma usinqamula inkontileka yezinsizakalo zokuxhuma kwe-Intanethi ngaphambi kwesikhathi esithile, udinga ukubuyisa i-router iphephile futhi izwakala, noma izindleko zayo ezigcwele. Qaphela!

2.2. Ijubane elisekelwayo kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi (802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n)

Iningi lamamodeli we-router yesabelomali asekela ama-802.11g, okusho isivinini sama-54 Mbps. Uma uhumusha isivinini sokulanda imininingwane, ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo oluzokhonjiswa yisifufula, lokhu akukho ngaphezu kwe-2-3 Mb / s. Hhayi masinyane, ake sithi nje ... Noma, ezimeni eziningi, ukuxhuma i-1 ephathekayo nefoni kwi-Intanethi + ngekhebula lekhompyutha - lokhu kwanele. Uma ungeke ukhiphe ulwazi oluningi kusuka kwizifufula futhi uzosebenzisa ilaptop kuphela emsebenzini, lokhu kwanele ngemisebenzi eminingi.

Izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphakeme ze-router zinamathela kuzinga elisha le-802.11n. Ngokuzijwayeza, imvamisa, ijubane elingaphezu kwama-300 Mbps la madivayisi awabonisi. Ngendlela, ukukhetha i-router enjalo, ngincoma ukuthi unake idivayisi oyithenga ngayo.

I-Linksys WRT1900AC Dual Band Gigabit Wireless Router (ngokuxhaswa kweDual Band). CPU 1.2 GHz.

Isibonelo, i-laptop ebangeni eliphakathi nendawo kwigumbi elilandelayo ukusuka ku-router (lokhu kungemuva kombhangqwana wodonga / udonga lwezitini) endaweni yasemadolobheni - angicabangi ukuthi ijubane layo lokuxhumeka lizoba ngaphezulu kuka-50-70 Mbit / s (5-6 Mb / s).

Kubalulekile! Naka inani lama-antenna ku-router. Inani elikhudlwana nelikhulu lazo, ngcono ikhwalithi yesiginali kanye nesivinini esiphezulu. Kunamamodeli lapho kungekho khona ama-antenna nhlobo - angikukhuthazi ukuthatha amathiphu anjalo, ngaphandle kokuthi uhlela ukukhipha amadivaysi axhunyiwe egumbini lapho i-router itholakala khona.

Futhi owokugcina. Uyacelwa ukuthi wazi ukuthi ngabe imodeli ye-router yakho iyawasekela yini ama-Dual Band standard. Leli zinga livumela i-router ukuthi isebenze kumafrikhwensi amabili: 2.4 no-5 GHz. Lokhu kuvumela i-router ukusekela ngasikhathi sinye amadivaysi amabili: eyodwa ezosebenza ku-802.11g naku-802.11n. Uma i-router ingasekeli i-Dual Band - khona-ke ngokusebenza ngasikhathi sinye kwamadivayisi amabili (nge-802.11g ne-802.11n) - isivinini sizokwehla size, i.e. ku-802.11g.

2.3. Ijubane lekhebula elixhasiweyo (Ethernet)

Kulolu daba, konke kulula. Ama-99.99% ama-routers asekela amazinga amabili: i-Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet.

1) Cishe wonke amamodeli (okungenani engakubona kuthengiswayo) isivinini sokwesekelwa kusuka ku-100 Mbps. Lokhu kwanele ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningi.

2) Amanye ama-routers, ikakhulukazi amamodeli amasha, asekela standard entsha - iGigabit Ethernet (efinyelela ku-1000 Mbps). Kuhle kakhulu nge-LAN yasekhaya, noma kunjalo, ekusebenzeni ijubane lizoba eliphansi.

Lapha ngithanda ukukhuluma futhi into eyodwa. Emabhokisini anama-routers, uluhlobo luphi ulwazi abangabhaleli nje kulo: zombili isivinini, namalaptop anezethebulethi, izibalo phansi kwebhokisi ngeMbps - kuphela akukho processor enkulu. Kepha okuningi ngalokhu ngezansi.

2.4. Amagama ambalwa mayelana neprosesa. Kubalulekile!

Iqiniso ngukuthi i-router akuyona nje indawo ephumayo, idinga ukudlulisa amaphakethe ngokufanele, iguqula amakheli, ihlunga amadivaysi ahlukene, ngenkathi ibhekisisa zonke izinhlobo zohlu lwababhali (okubizwa ngokuthi ukulawula kwabazali) ukuze imininingwane evela kubo ingayi kukhompyutha.

Futhi i-router kufanele yenze lokhu ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umsebenzi womsebenzisi. Ukuxazulula zonke lezi zinkinga, iprosesa ku-router nayo iyasebenza.

Ngakho-ke, mathupha, angibonanga ebhokisini ngemininingwane enkulu yezinhlamvu mayelana neprosesa efakwe kudivayisi. Kepha kulokhu ngqo kuya ngesivinini sedivayisi. Isibonelo, thatha isabelomali eshibhile se-D-link DIR-320 router, ayinayo iprosesa enamandla, ngenxa yalokhu, ijubane le-Wi-Fi lisikiwe (lifinyelela ku-10-25 Mbit / s, leli liphezulu), yize lixhasa i-54 Mbit / s.

Uma ijubane lesiteshi sakho se-Inthanethi lingaphansi kwalezi zinombolo - ungasebenzisa ngokuphepha ama-routers afanayo - okwamanje awungeke uqaphele umehluko, kepha uma ephakeme ... Ngingancoma ukukhetha okuthile okubiza kakhulu (ngokuxhaswa kwe-802.11n).

Kubalulekile! Iprosesa ayithinti kuphela ijubane, kepha futhi nokuqina. Ngicabanga ukuthi umuntu oseke wasebenzisa ama-routers uyazi ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi kungahle "kuphulwe" amahlandla ambalwa ngehora, ikakhulukazi lapho kulanda amafayela asesifuleni. Uma unentshisekelo yalokhu, ngincoma ikakhulukazi ukuthi unake kakhulu iprosesa. Ngokwami, ngincoma ukuthi ngaphansi kwe-600-700 MHz processors ingabhekwa nakancane.

2,5. Mayelana nemikhiqizo namanani: i-Asus, TP-Link, ZyXEL, njll.

Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kwezinhlobonhlobo zama-routers asemashalofini ezitolo, ezithandwa kakhulu zingabalwa ngeminwe yesandla esisodwa: Asus, TP-Link, ZyXEL, Netgear, D-link, TrendNET. Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ngihlale phezu kwabo.

Ngingabahlukanisa bonke ngezigaba zamanani ama-3: ezishibhile, eziphakathi, nalezo ezibiza kakhulu.

Ama-TP-Link, ama-routers we-D-Link azothathwa njengoshibhile. Ngokomthetho, benza ukuxhumana okuhle noma okuncane nge-Intanethi, inethiwekhi yendawo, kepha kukhona nezinkinga. Uma kwenzeka umthwalo osindayo, ngokwesibonelo, ulanda okuthile kusifufula, udlulisa ifayela kunethiwekhi yendawo - kungenzeka ukuthi ukuxhumana ngeke kwehle. Kuzofanele ulinde imizuzwana engama-30-60. ngenkathi i-router isungula ukuxhumana namadivayisi. Umzuzu ongathandeki kakhulu. Ngikhumbula ngokukhethekile i-routnd yami endala yeTrendNET - ukuxhumeka bekuhlala kunqanyulwa futhi i-router iqalile kabusha lapho isivinini sokulanda sisondela kunani le-2 Mb / s. Ngakho-ke, bekufanele kukhawulwe ngobuciko ku-1.5 Mb / s.

Esigabeni samanani aphakathi i-Asus neTrendNET. Isikhathi eside ngasebenzisa i-Asus 520W router. Ngokuvamile, amadivaysi amahle. Ukuphela kwesoftware kwesinye isikhathi yehluleka. Isibonelo, ngaze ngafaka i-firmware evela e-Oleg, i-Asus router iziphathe kahle ingazinzile (ngokuningi kulokhu: //oleg.wl500g.info/).

Ngendlela, angincomi ukuthi uxhumane ne-firmware ye-router uma ungakaze ube nesipiliyoni esanele ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka okuthile okungahambi kahle, isiqinisekiso sedivayisi enjalo asiseneli futhi awukwazi ukubuyisela esitolo.

Yebo, okubizayo kufaka iNetgear neZyXEL. Ama-router eNetgear ayathakazelisa ikakhulukazi. Ngomthwalo omkhulu owanele - azikhiphi ukuxhumana futhi zikuvumela ukuthi usebenze kahle ngezifufula. NgeZyXEL, ngeshwa, angizange ngibe nakho kokuxhumana isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke ngingakutshela okuncane ngabo.

3. Iziphetho: ngakho hlobo luni lwe-router okufanele uthenge?

I-NETGEAR WGR614

Ngingasebenza kulokhu kulandelana:

1. - uthathe isinqumo ngezinsizakalo zomhlinzeki we-Intanethi (protocol, IP-telephony, njll);
2. - kanye nohlu lwemisebenzi i-router eyoyixazulula (mangaki amadivaysi axhunyiwe, kanjani, ngasiphi isivinini esidingekayo, njll.).
3. - Yebo, nquma ngezimali, uzimisele ukusebenzisa imali engakanani.

Ngokomthetho, i-router ingathengwa ngo-600 kanye nama-ruble ayi-10,000.

1) Ezimweni ezinamadivayisi ashibhile, kuze kufike kuma-ruble angama-2 000, ungahlala kumodeli we-TP-LINK TL-WR743ND (indawo yokungena ye-Wi-Fi, i-802.11n, i-150 Mbps, i-router, i-4xLAN switch).

Futhi akuyona neze i-NETGEAR WGR614 (iphuzu lokungena le-Wi-Fi, i-802.11g, i-54 Mbps, i-router, switch ye-4xLAN).

2) Uma sikhuluma ngedivayisi engabizi, endaweni ethile ezungeze ama-ruble angama-3000 - ungabheka ngase-ASUS RT-N16 (indawo yokungena ye-gigabit Wi-Fi, 802.11n, MIMO, 300 Mbps, i-router, 4xLAN switch, phrinta- iseva).

3) Uma uthatha i-router kusuka kuma-5000 - kuya kuma-ruble angama-7000, bengizoma eNetgear WNDR-3700 (indawo yokungena ye-gigabit Wi-Fi, 802.11n, MIMO, 300 Mbps, i-router, switch ye-4xLAN). Ukusebenza okuhle ngesivinini sokufinyelela!

I-PS

Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi izilungiselelo ze-router ezilungile nazo zibalulekile. Kwesinye isikhathi "imikhaza" embalwa ingathinta kakhulu isivinini sokufinyelela.

Konke lokho. Ngiyethemba ukuthi le ndatshana izoba usizo kumuntu. Konke okuhle. Amanani akhona ngaleso sikhathi sokubhala.