Sanibonani.
Ukuze ukwazi ukuhlela inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engenantambo ekhaya futhi unikeze ukufinyelela kwe-Intanethi kuwo wonke amadivayisi eselula (ama-laptops, amaphilisi, izingcingo, njll.) - udinga i-router (nabasebenzisi abaningi be-novice sebevele bayakwazi lokhu). Kuliqiniso, akuwona wonke umuntu onquma ukuyixhumanisa ngokuzimele futhi ayilungiselele ...
Eqinisweni, iningi lingakwenza (angicabangi ngamacala ahlukile lapho umhlinzeki we-Intanethi enza "ihlathi" elinjalo ngemingcele yalo yokufinyelela i-Intanethi ...). Kulesi sihloko ngizozama ukuphendula yonke imibuzo ejwayelekile engiyizwile (futhi ngiyizwe) lapho ngixhuma futhi ngisungula i-router ye-Wi-Fi. Ngakho-ke, ake siqale ...
1) Yiphi i-router engiyidingayo, ukuthi ngingayikhetha kanjani?
Mhlawumbe lo ngumbuzo wokuqala ukuthi abasebenzisi abafuna ukuhlela inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engenantambo ekhaya bazibuze bona. Ngizoqala lo mbuzo ngephuzu elilula nelibalulekile: yiziphi izinsizakalo ezihlinzekwa ngumhlinzeki wakho we-Intanethi (i-IP-telephony noma i-Intanethi ye-Intanethi), isiphi isivinini se-Intanethi olindele (5-10-50 Mbit / s?), Futhi ngasho ini umthetho oxhumeke kwi-Intanethi (ngokwesibonelo, oseyaziwa manje: PPTP, PPPoE, L2PT).
Mina. imisebenzi ye-router izoqala ukudweba ngokwabo ... Ngokujwayelekile, lesi sihloko sibanzi impela, ngakho-ke, ngincomela ukuthi uzijwayeze ngenye yezindatshana zami:
sesha futhi ukhethe i-router yekhaya lakho - //pcpro100.info/vyibor-routera-kakoy-router-wi-fi-kupit-dlya-doma/
2) Ungayixhuma kanjani i-router kwikhompyutha?
Sizobheka i-router nekhompyutha osuvele unayo (futhi ikhebula kusuka kumhlinzeki we-Intanethi nalo libekwa futhi lisebenza ku-PC, noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje ngaphandle kwe-router 🙂 ).
Njengomthetho, isethi ephelele ye-router ngokwayo iza nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi nentambo yenethiwekhi yokuxhuma kwi-PC (bheka Fig. 1).
U-fig. 1. Ukunikezwa kwamandla nentambo yokuxhuma kwikhompyutha.
Ngendlela, qaphela ukuthi ngemuva kwe-router kunezisekelo eziningana zokuxhuma ikhebula lenethiwekhi: imbobo eyodwa ye-WAN ne-4 LAN (inani lamachweba lincike kwimodeli ye-router. Kuma-routers asekhaya ajwayelekile - ukumiswa, njengasePhi. 2).
U-fig. 2. Okujwayelekile ukubuka emuva kwe-router (Isixhumanisi se-TP).
Intambo ye-Intanethi evela kumhlinzeki (eyayikade ixhunywe kwikhadi lenethiwekhi le-PC ngaphambili) kufanele ixhunywe echwebeni eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka le-router (WAN).
Ngentambo eza ne-router, udinga ukuxhuma ikhadi lenethiwekhi lekhompyutha (lapho ikhebula le-Intanethi lomhlinzeki lalixhunywe khona ngaphambili) kwelinye lamachweba we-LAN we-router (bona i-Fig. 2 - amachweba aphuzi). Ngale ndlela, ngale ndlela ungaxhuma amanye amakhompyutha amaningi.
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Uma ungenayo ikhompiyutha, khona-ke ungaxhuma imbobo yenethiwekhi yomzila ngekhebula lenethiwekhi nelaptop (netbook). Iqiniso ngukuthi ukucushwa kokuqala kwe-router kungcono (futhi kwezinye izimo, kungenjalo kungenzeki) ukufeza ngokuxhumeka kwentambo. Ngemuva kokucacisa wonke amapharamitha ayisisekelo (setha ukuxhumeka okungenantambo kwe-Wi-Fi), uyakwazi ukukhipha ikhebula lenethiwekhi kusuka kwi-laptop, bese usebenza kwi-Wi-Fi.
Njengomthetho, azikho izingqinamba ezinezintambo zokuxhuma namandla kagesi. Sizocabanga ukuthi idivaysi yakho ixhunyiwe, nama-LEDs akuyo aqala ukuqhakaza :).
3) Ungangena kanjani izilungiselelo ze-router?
Lokhu mhlawumbe kungumbuzo obalulekile walesi sihloko. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwenziwa kalula, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ... Cabanga ngenqubo yonke ngokulandelana.
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, imodeli ngayinye ye-router inekheli layo lokufaka izilungiselelo (kanye nokungena ngemvume nephasiwedi). Ezimweni eziningi, kuyafana: //192.168.1.1/Kuliqiniso, kukhona okuhlukile. Ngizonikeza amamodeli ambalwa:
- Asus - //192.168.1.1 (Ukungena: umlawuli, Iphasiwedi: umlawuli (noma inkambu engenalutho));
- UZyXEL Keenetic - //192.168.1.1 (Ukungena: umlawuli, Iphasiwedi: 1234);
- D-LINK - //192.168.0.1 (Ukungena: admin, Iphasiwedi: admin);
- I-TRENDnet - //192.168.10.1 (Ukungena: umlawuli, Iphasiwedi: admin).
Iphuzu elibalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokunemba okungu-100% ukuthi iliphi ikheli, iphasiwedi kanye nokufaka ngemvume okungenzeka ukuthi ithuluzi lakho liba nakho (noma ngabe lemikhiqizo eshiwo ngenhla). Kepha kumadokhumenti we-router yakho, lolu lwazi luboniswa kuphela (kungenzeka kakhulu, ekhasini lokuqala noma lokugcina kwencwajana yemininingwane yabasebenzisi).
U-fig. 3. Faka ukungena ngemvume nephasiwedi ukufinyelela izilungiselelo ze-router.
Kulabo abangakwazanga ukungena kuzilungiselelo ze-router, kukhona i-athikili enhle nezizathu okuxoxwe ngazo (kungani lokhu kungenzeka). Ngincoma ukusebenzisa amathiphu, xhuma ku-athikili engezansi.
Ungangena kanjani ku-192.168.1.1? Kungani ingangeni, izizathu eziphambili yilezi: //pcpro100.info/kak-zayti-na-192-168-1-1-pochemu-ne-zahodit-osnovnyie-prichinyi/
Ungangena kanjani kuzilungiselelo ze-Wi-Fi router (isinyathelo ngesinyathelo) - //pcpro100.info/kak-zayti-v-nastroyki-routera/
4) Ungayisetha kanjani uxhumano lwe-Intanethi ku-Wi-Fi router
Ngaphambi kokupenda lezi noma lezo zilungiselelo, kufanele wenze umbhalo waphansi omncane lapha:
- Okokuqala, ngisho nama-routers avela ebangeni elifanayo lemodeli angaba ne-firmware ehlukene (izinguqulo ezihlukile). Imenyu yezilungiselelo incike ku-firmware, isb. okuzobona lapho uya ekhelini lezilungiselelo (192.168.1.1). Ulimi lwezilungiselelo libuye lufinyelele ku-firmware. Esibonelweni sami esingezansi, ngizokukhombisa izilungiselelo zendlela eyaziwayo ye-router - i-TP-Link TL-WR740N (izilungiselelo zingesiNgisi, kepha ukuziqonda akunzima kangako. Yebo, ukusetha ngesiRashiya kulula kakhulu).
- Izilungiselelo ze-router zizoncika enhlanganweni yenethiwekhi yomhlinzeki wakho we-Intanethi. Ukulungiselela i-router, udinga ulwazi ngokuxhumeka (ukungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi, amakheli we-IP, uhlobo lokuxhuma, njll.), Imvamisa, konke okudingayo kuqukethwe esivumelwaneni sokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi.
- Ngenxa yalezi zizathu ezingenhla - awukwazi ukunikeza imiyalo yendawo yonke elungele zonke izikhathi ...
Abahlinzeki be-Intanethi abahlukahlukene banezinhlobo ezihlukile zokuxhuma, isibonelo, iMegaline, i-ID-Net, i-TTK, i-MTS, njll. Sebenzisa uxhumano lwe-PPPoE (ngingayibiza ethandwa kakhulu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlinzeka ngesivinini esiphezulu.
Lapho uxhuma i-PPPoE ukufinyelela i-Intanethi, udinga ukwazi iphasiwedi kanye nokungena ngemvume. Kwesinye isikhathi (ngokwesibonelo, ama-MTS) I-PPPoE + Static Local iyasetshenziswa: ukufinyelela kwi-Intanethi kuzonikezwa, ngemuva kokufaka i-password kanye nokungena ngemvume, inethiwekhi yendawo imisiwe ngokwehlukana - uzodinga: ikheli le-IP, imaski, isango.
Izilungiselelo ezidingekayo (ngokwesibonelo, i-PPPoE, bheka i-Fig. 4):
- Kufanele uvule isigaba se- "Network / WAN";
- Uhlobo lokuxhuma lwe-WAN - khombisa uhlobo lokuxhuma, kulokhu PPPoE;
- Ukuxhumana kwe-PPPoE: Igama lomsebenzisi - chaza ukungena ngemvume ukuze ungene kwi-Intanethi (echazwe esivumelwaneni sakho nomhlinzeki we-Intanethi);
- Ukuxhumeka kwe-PPPoE: Iphasiwedi - iphasiwedi (efanayo);
- Ukuxhumana Kwesibili - lapha kungenzeka singacacisi lutho (Ukukhubazeka), noma, ngokwesibonelo, njengakumaMTS - chaza i-Static IP (kuya ngenhlangano yenethiwekhi yakho). Imvamisa, le nto yokulungiselela ithinta ukufinyelela kwinethiwekhi yendawo yomhlinzeki wakho wesevisi ye-Intanethi. Uma ungayidingi, awunakukhathazeka ngempela;
- Xhuma kuDinga - sungula uxhumano lwe-Inthanethi uma kunesidingo, ngokwesibonelo, uma umsebenzisi efinyelela isiphequluli se-Inthanethi futhi acele ikhasi kwi-Intanethi. Ngendlela, qaphela ukuthi kukhona ikholamu ngaphansi kweMax eyize Isikhathi - lesi yisikhathi lapho i-router (uma kungenzi lutho) izokhipha kwi-Intanethi.
- Xhuma ngokuzenzakalela - xhuma kwi-Inthanethi ngokuzenzakalela. Ngokubona kwami, ipharamitha efanelekile, futhi udinga ukuyikhetha ...
- Xhuma ngesandla - xhuma kwi-Intanethi ngesandla (ukungaphazamisi ...). Noma kubasebenzisi abathile, ngokwesibonelo, uma ngabe kukhona ithrafikhi elinganiselwe, kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlobo luzoba oluphelele kakhulu, olubavumela ukuthi balawule umkhawulo wethrafikhi futhi bangangeni ekuphakameni.
U-fig. 4. Ilungiselela ukuxhumana kwe-PPPoE (MTS, TTK, njll.)
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ithebhu ethuthukisiwe (ethuthukisiwe) - kuyo ungabeka i-DNS (kwesinye isikhathi iyadingeka).
U-fig. 5. Ithebhu ethuthukisiwe ku-TP Link router
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - abahlinzeki abaningi bezinsizakalo ze-Intanethi babopha ikheli lakho le-MAC lekhadi lenethiwekhi futhi abakuvumeli ukuthi ungene kwi-Intanethi uma ikheli le-MAC selishintshile (ngu. ikhadi ngalinye lenethiwekhi linekheli layo elihlukile le-MAC).
Ama-routers anamuhla angalingisa kalula ikheli le-MAC olifunayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula ithebhu Clone Network / MAC bese ucindezela inkinobho Clone MAC Ikheli.
Njengenketho, ungatshela ikheli lakho le-MAC elisha kumhlinzeki we-Intanethi, futhi bayolivula.
Qaphela Ikheli le-MAC licishe lilinganise umugqa olandelayo: 94-0C-6D-4B-99-2F (bheka. Fig. 6).
U-fig. 6. Ikheli le-MAC
Ngendlela, ngokwesibonelo, ku- "UBilline"uhlobo lokuxhuma hhayi I-PPPoE, futhi I-L2TP. Ukucushwa ngokwayo kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ngokubhuka okuthile:
- Uhlobo lokuxhuma kwe-Wan - uhlobo lokuxhumana oludingayo ukukhetha i-L2TP;
- Igama lomsebenzisi, Iphasiwedi - faka imininingwane enikezwe umhlinzeki wakho we-Intanethi;
- Ikheli le-IP leseva - tp.internet.beeline.ru;
- longa izilungiselelo (i-router kufanele iqalise kabusha).
U-fig. 7. Ilungiselela i-L2TP kaBilline ...
Qaphela Empeleni, ngemuva kokufakwa kwamasethingi futhi i-router icutshwe kabusha (uma wenze konke ngendlela efanele futhi wangena ngqo idatha oyidingayo), kwi-laptop yakho (ikhompyutha) oyixhume ngentambo yenethiwekhi - i-Intanethi kufanele ivele! Uma kunjalo, konke kufanele ukwenze, setha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engenantambo. Esinyatsweni esilandelayo, sizokwenza ...
5) Ungayisetha kanjani inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engenantambo ku-router
Ukusetha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi engenantambo, ezimeni eziningi, kuyahlehla ekucaciseni igama lenethiwekhi nephasiwedi ukuze uyifinyelele. Njengesibonelo, ngizokukhombisa i-router efanayo (noma ngizothatha i-firmware yaseRussia ukukhombisa zombili izinhlobo zesiRussia nezesiNgisi).
Okokuqala udinga ukuvula isigaba se-Wireless, bheka umkhiwane. 8. Okulandelayo, setha izilungiselelo ezilandelayo:
- Igama lenethiwekhi - igama elizolibona uma usesha futhi uxhuma kunethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi (chaza noma iliphi);
- Isifunda - ungacacisa "iRussia". Ngendlela, kuma-routers amaningi akukho ngisho ipharamitha enjalo;
- Ububanzi besiteshi, isiteshi - ungashiya i-Auto futhi ungashintshi lutho;
- Gcina izilungiselelo.
U-fig. 8. Lungiselela inethiwekhi engenantambo yeWi-Fi ku-TP Link router.
Okulandelayo, vula ithebhu ethi "Ukuphepha okungenantambo". Abaningi basibukela phansi lesi sikhathi, kepha uma ungavikeli inethiwekhi ngephasiwedi, bonke omakhelwane bakho bazokwazi ukuyisebenzisa, bese behlisa isivinini senethiwekhi yakho.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe ukuphepha kwe-WPA2-PSK (namuhla kunikeza enye yezindlela zokuvikela ezingenantambo ezingenantambo, bheka Umdwebo 9).
- Inguqulo: awukwazi ukuguqula futhi ushiye okuzenzakalelayo;
- Ukubethela: futhi kuzenzakalelayo;
- Iphasiwedi ye-PSK yiphasiwedi yokufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi. Ngincoma ukuthi ngikhombise okuthile okunzima ukusesha ngosesho olujwayelekile, noma ukuqagela ngenhlanhla (akukho-12345678!).
U-fig. 9. Ukubeka uhlobo lokubhala (ukuphepha).
Ngemuva kokugcina izilungiselelo uphinde uqalise kabusha i-router, inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ye-Wi-Fi kufanele iqale ukusebenza. Manje usungalungiselela ukuxhumana ku-laptop, ifoni nakwamanye amadivayisi.
6) Ungayixhuma kanjani i-laptop kunethiwekhi engenantambo ye-Wi-Fi
Njengomthetho, uma i-router ilungiselelwe kahle, akufanele kube nezinkinga zokusetha nokufinyelela inethiwekhi kuWindows. Futhi ukuxhumana okunjalo kwenziwa emaminithini ambalwa, akusekho okunye ...
Okokuqala, chofoza isithonjana se-Wi-Fi kutreyi eceleni kwewashi. Ewindini elinohlu lwamanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi atholakalayo, khetha okwakho bese ufaka iphasiwedi yokuxhuma (bheka Fig. 10).
U-fig. 10. Ukukhetha inethiwekhi ye-Wi-Fi ukuxhuma ilaptop.
Uma ufake iphasiwedi yenethiwekhi kahle, i-laptop izokwakha ukuxhumana futhi ungaqala ukusebenzisa i-Intanethi. Empeleni, lokhu kuqeda ukusetha. Kulabo abangaphumelelanga, ngezansi izixhumanisi ezimbalwa zezinkinga ezivamile.
I-laptop ayixhumi kwi-Wi-Fi (ayitholi amanethiwekhi angenantambo, akukho ukuxhumana okutholakalayo) - //pcpro100.info/noutbuk-ne-podklyuchaetsya-k-wi-fi-ne-nahodit-besprovodnyie-seti/
Izinkinga nge-Wi-Fi ku-Windows 10: inethiwekhi ngaphandle kokuthola i-Intanethi - //pcpro100.info/error-wi-fi-win10-no-internet/
Inhlanhla 🙂
