Ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-cyber emlandweni we-Intanethi yanamuhla

Ukuhlasela kwe-cyber okokuqala emhlabeni kwenzeka eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule - ekwindla ka-1988. E-United States of America, lapho izinkulungwane zamakhompiyutha zazitheleleke ngaleli gciwane phakathi nezinsuku eziningana, lesi sishayo esisha samangaza ngokuphelele. Manje sekube nzima kakhulu ukubamba ongoti bezokuphepha ngamakhompyutha ngokumangala, kepha ama-cybercrgebengu emhlabeni jikelele asaphumelela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, noma yini umuntu angayisho, ukuhlaselwa kwe-cyber enkulu kakhulu kwenziwa ngama-program genius. Kungumusa kuphela ukuthi baqondise ulwazi namakhono abo endaweni engafanele.

Ama-cyberattacks amakhulu kunawo wonke

Imiyalezo emayelana namagciwane e-cryptographic ahlasela amakhompiyutha emhlabeni wonke avela njalo kuma-feed ezindaba. Futhi okuya phambili, kukhulu ngezinga lokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber. Nazi eziyishumi zazo: ezesabekayo kakhulu futhi ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni walolu hlobo lobugebengu.

Morris Worm 1988

Namuhla idiski ye-floppy enekhodi yomthombo weMorris worm ingumbukiso wemnyuziyamu. Ungayibheka emnyuziyamu wesayensi we-American Boston. Umnikazi wayo owayeyisitshudeni uRobert Tappan Morris, owasungula esinye sezikelemu zokuqala ze-Intanethi wasisebenzisa eMassachusetts Institute of Technology ngoNovemba 2, 1988. Ngenxa yalokhu, izingosi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ze-Intanethi zakhubazeka e-USA, futhi umonakalo ophelele kulokhu wafinyelela ezigidini ezingama-96,5 zamadola.
Ukulwa nesibungu, kwalethwa ochwepheshe abahamba phambili bokuphepha kwamakhompyutha. Kodwa-ke, abakwazanga ukubala umenzi waleli gciwane. UMorris uqobo wazinikezela emaphoyiseni - ekugcizeleleni kukababa wakhe, naye owayesebenza embonini yamakhompiyutha.

Chernobyl, 1998

Leli gciwane lekhompyutha linamanye amagama ambalwa. Yaziwa nangokuthi i- "Chih" noma i-CIH. Leli gciwane lisuka eTaiwan. NgoJuni 1998, yaqalwa ngumfundi wendawo owahlela ukuqala kokuhlasela kwezifo zamakhompiyutha emhlabeni wonke ngo-Ephreli 26, 1999 - usuku lokugubha kwengozi elandelayo eChernobyl. "Ibhomu" elibekwe ngaphambili lasebenza ngokucacile ngesikhathi, lashaya amakhompyutha asigamu sesigidi emhlabeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-malware ikwazile ukufeza lokhu kuze kube manje okungenakwenzeka - ukukhubaza i-computer yamakhompyutha ngokushaya chip ye-Flash BIOS.

UMelissa, ngo-1999

UMelissa wayengumbhali wokuqala owathumela nge-imeyili. Ngo-Mashi 1999, wakhubazeka amandla amaseva ezinkampani ezinkulu ezazikhona emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi leli gciwane lalikhiqiza imiyalezo eyanda kakhulu ethelelekile, lidala umthwalo onamandla kumaseva we-imeyili. Ngasikhathi sinye, umsebenzi wabo noma wehlise kakhulu phansi, noma umile ngokuphelele. Umonakalo ovela kwigciwane likaMelissa kubasebenzisi nezinkampani ulinganiselwa ku- $ 80 wezigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba "ukhokho" wohlobo olusha lwegciwane.

UMagaaboy, 2000

Lokhu kungenye yokuhlaselwa kokuqala kwe-DDoS emhlabeni okwasungulwa ngumfundi waseCanada oneminyaka engu-16. NgoFebhuwari 2000, kwathathwa izingosi ezimbalwa ezaziwa umhlaba wonke (kusuka e-Amazon kuya kuYahoo), lapho uMiaboy owayesebulewe khona wakwazi ukubona ubungozi. Ngenxa yalokhu, umsebenzi wezinsizakalo waphazamiseka cishe isonto. Umonakalo ovela ekuhlaselweni okugcwele waphenduka umkhulu impela, ulinganiselwa ku- $ 1,2 billion.

Imvula yeTitanium 2003

Leli kwakuyigama lochungechunge lokuhlaselwa okunamandla kwe-cyber, okwathi ngonyaka ka-2003 kwathinta izinkampani ezimbalwa zezimboni yezokuvikela kanye nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni wase-US. Inhloso yabaduni kwakuwukuthola ukufinyelela olwazini olubucayi. Uchwepheshe wezokuphepha kwamakhompiyutha uSean Carpenter ukwazile ukulandelela ababhali bokuhlaselwa (kwavela ukuthi babevela esifundazweni saseGuangdong eChina). Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu, kepha esikhundleni sokuncengwa yilowo ophumelele, wagcina esenkingeni. I-FBI ibheka ukuthi izindlela zikaSean azilungile, ngoba ngesikhathi esenza lolu phenyo waqhuba "nokugenca ngokungemthetho kwamakhompyutha aphesheya."

ICabir 2004

Amagciwane afinyelela kumaselula ngo-2004. Ngemuva kwalokho kwavela uhlelo olwaluzenza luzizwe lubhalwe ukuthi "Cabire", olwalukhonjiswa esibukweni sedivaysi ephathekayo njalo lapho kuvulwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, leli gciwane, lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-Bluetooth, lazama ukuthelela ezinye izingcingo amaselula. Futhi lokhu kuthinte kakhulu ukukhokhiswa kwamadivayisi, kwanele amahora ambalwa esimweni esihle kakhulu.

ICyberattack e-Estonia, 2007

Okwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 2007 kungabizwa ngokuthi impi yokuqala ye-cyber ngaphandle kwehaba ngokweqile. Lapho-ke, e-Estonia, uhulumeni nezindawo zezezimali zahamba zingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi zenkampani enezisetshenziswa zezokwelapha nezinsizakalo ezikhona eziku-inthanethi. Isiphepho saphenduka sabonakala kakhulu, ngoba e-Estonia ngalesosikhathi e-uhulumeni wayesesebenze, futhi ukukhokha kwasebhange kucishe kube ku-inthanethi ngokuphelele. I-cyberattack ikhubaze wonke umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kwenzeka ngokumelene nokubuyela emuva kwemibhikisho yeningi ezweni ngokudluliselwa kwesikhumbuzo kumasosha aseSoviet eMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

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UZeus 2007

Uhlelo lweTrojan lwaqala ukusabalala ezinkundleni zokuxhumana ngo-2007. Abasebenzisi be-Facebook abathole ama-imeyili ngezithombe ezinamathiselwe kubo baba ngabokuqala ukuhlupheka. Imizamo yokuvula isithombe yaphenduka ukuthi umsebenzisi afike ekhasini lamasayithi atheleleke ngegciwane leZeuS. Kulokhu, uhlelo olunonya lwangena ngokushesha ohlelweni lwekhompyutha, lwathola imininingwane yomuntu siqu yomnikazi we-PC futhi ngokushesha lwakhipha imali kuma-akhawunti womuntu emabhange aseYurophu. Ukuhlasela kwegciwane kuthinte abasebenzisi baseJalimane, abaseNtaliyane nabaseSpain. Umonakalo wonke ufinyelela kuma-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-42.

UGauss 2012

Leli gciwane - iTrajan yasebhange entshontsha imininingwane yezimali kuma-PC athelelekile - yadalwa ngabaduni baseMelika nabakwa-Israel abasebenza kuma-tandem. Ngo-2012, ngesikhathi uGauss eshayisa osebeni lwaseLibya, Israel nePalestine, wabhekwa njengesikhali se-cyber. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cyberattack, njengoba kwavela kamuva, bekuwukuqinisekisa imininingwane mayelana nokuxhaswa okuyimfihlo kwabashokobezi ngamabhange aseLebanon.

WannaCry 2017

Amakhompiyutha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 namazwe omhlaba ayi-150 - anjalo izibalo kwizisulu zaleli gciwane lokubethela. Ngo-2017, ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, wangena kumakhompiyutha uqobo ngohlelo olusebenza lweWindows (ethatha ithuba lokuthi ngaleso sikhathi ayengenazo izibuyekezo eziningi ezidingekayo), wavimba ukufinyelela kokuqukethwe kwe-hard drive kubanikazi, kodwa wathembisa ukukubuyisa ngemali engu- $ 300. Labo abenqabile ukukhokha isihlengo balahlekelwa yiyo yonke imininingwane ebanjiwe. Umonakalo ovela eWannaCry ulinganiselwa kumadola ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ukuaziwa kwayo akukaziwa, kukholakala ukuthi abathuthukisi be-DPRK babenesandla ekwakheni leli gciwane.

Ososayensi be-Forensic emhlabeni jikelele bathi: izigebengu ziya ku-inthanethi, futhi zihlanze amabhange hhayi ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, kepha ngosizo lwamagciwane anonya angeniswe kulolo hlelo. Futhi lokhu kuyinkomba yomsebenzisi ngamunye: ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu imininingwane yomuntu uqobo kunethiwekhi, ukuvikela idatha kuma-akhawunti abo wezezimali ngokuthembekile, futhi unganaki ukuguqulwa okuvamile kwamaphasiwedi.