Uma ubheka izinombolo ezomile zamatafula, kunzima ekuqaleni ukubamba isithombe esikhulu abasimele. Kepha, iMicrosoft Excel inethuluzi lokubonakalayo lokubonisa ongayibona ngeso lengqondo idatha equkethwe ematafuleni. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukwazi ukuthola kalula imininingwane. Leli thuluzi libizwa ngokuthi ukufomatha okunemibandela. Ake sibheke ukuthi singasebenzisa kanjani ukufomatha okunemibandela ku-Microsoft Excel.
Izinketho Zokufomatha Okunemibandela
Ukuze ufome indawo ethile yamaseli, udinga ukukhetha le ndawo (imvamisa kakhulu ikholomu), futhi kuthebhu ethi "Ikhaya", chofoza inkinobho ethi "Umbandela Ohlelekayo", obekwe iribhoni kubha yamathuluzi "Izitayela".
Ngemuva kwalokho, imenyu yokufometha enemibandela iyavula. Nazi izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokufomatha:
- Ama-histogram
- Isikali esidijithali;
- Amabheji.
Ukuze ufome ngokomumo njenge-histogram, khetha ikholomu yedatha bese uchofoza entweni ehambelana nemenyu. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izinhlobo eziningana zama-histogram ama-gradient nokugcwaliswa okuqinile kubonakala kukhethiwe. Khetha eyodwa, ngombono wakho, ehambelana kakhulu nesitayela nokuqukethwe kwetafula.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ama-histograms avela kumaseli akhethiwe ekholamu. Kukhula inani lamanani kumaseli, isikhathi eside i-histogram. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzinguqulo ze-Excel 2010, 2013 nango-2016, kungenzeka ukubonisa kahle amanani angalungile ku-histogram. Kepha inguqulo ka-2007 ayinalo ithuba elinjalo.
Uma usebenzisa ibha yombala esikhundleni se-histogram, kuyenzeka futhi ukhethe izinketho ezahlukahlukene zaleli thuluzi. Kulokhu, njengomthetho, inani elikhudlwana litholakala esitokisini, umbala wesikali ugcwele ngokwengeziwe.
Ithuluzi elihehayo futhi eliyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwaleli setha lokufomatha imisebenzi yizimpawu. Kunamaqembu amane ayizimpawu zezimpawu: izinkomba, amajamo, izinkomba, nezilinganiso. Inketho ngayinye ekhethwe umsebenzisi ibandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ezahlukahlukene lapho kuhlolwa okuqukethwe esitokisini. Yonke indawo ekhethiwe iskenwa ngabakwa-Excel, futhi wonke amanani weseli ahlukaniswe zaba izingxenye ngokuya ngamanani abekiwe kuwo. Izithonjana eziluhlaza zisebenza kumanani amakhulu, amabanga aphuzi kuya kumanani wobubanzi obuphakathi, futhi amanani atholakala kwesithathu esincane amakiwe ngezimpawu ezibomvu.
Lapho ukhetha imicibisholo, njengezimpawu, ngaphezu komklamo wombala, ukusayina ngesimo sezikhombisi nakho kuyasetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, umcibisholo ophendukele phezulu usetshenziswa kumanani amakhulu, ngakwesobunxele - kumanani aphakathi nendawo, phansi - kuya kokuncane. Uma usebenzisa izibalo, amanani amakhulu kakhulu amakwa ngombuthano, ophakathi ngunxantathu, futhi amancane ngesigqi.
Imithetho yokukhethwa kweseli
Ngokuzenzakalelayo, umthetho usetshenziswa lapho wonke amaseli ecezu elikhethiwe ekhonjiswa ngombala noma isithonjana esithile, ngokuya ngamanani abekwe kuwo. Kepha, usebenzisa imenyu, esivele siyisho ngenhla, ungasebenzisa eminye imithetho yokuqamba amagama.
Chofoza entweni yemenyu "Imithetho yokukhetha amaseli." Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kunemithetho eyisisekelo eyisikhombisa:
- Okuningi;
- Okungaphansi;
- Ngokulinganayo;
- Phakathi;
- Usuku
- Amanani aphindwe kabili.
Cabanga ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zenzo ngezibonelo. Khetha ibanga lamaseli, bese uqhafaza entweni "Okuningi ...".
Kuvulwa iwindi lapho udinga ukusetha khona amanani amakhulu kuneleyiphi inombolo ezoqokonyiswa. Lokhu kwenziwa kwinkambu ethi "Fomula amaseli amakhulu". Ngokuzenzakalelayo, inani elijwayelekile lebanga lifakwa ngokuzenzakalela lapha, kepha ungamisa elinye, noma ucacise ikheli leseli eliqukethe le nombolo. Inketho yesibili ilungele amatafula ashukumisayo lapho idatha ihlala iguquka khona, noma iseli lapho kufakwa khona ifomula. Isibonelo, sibeka inani libe ngama-20,000.
Ensimini elandelayo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi izogqonjiswa kanjani amaseli: ukugcwaliswa kombala obomvu okukhanyayo nombala obomvu omnyama (okuzenzakalelayo); ukugcwaliswa okuphuzi nombhalo ophuzi omnyama; umbhalo obomvu, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunefomethi engokwezifiso.
Uma uya kule nto, kuvulwa iwindi lapho ungahlela khona ukukhetha, cishe ngendlela othanda ngayo, usebenzisa izinketho eziningi zefonti, ukugcwaliswa, nemingcele.
Ngemuva kokuthi sithathe isinqumo, ngamanani asewindini lezilungiselelo lemithetho yokukhetha, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, amaseli akhethwa, ngokuya ngomthetho osunguliwe.
Ngomgomo ofanayo, amanani abiwa lapho kusetshenziswa imithetho Encane, phakathi, kanye ne-Equal. Esimweni sokuqala kuphela, amaseli abelwa okungaphansi kwenani elibekwe nguwe; esimweni sesibili, kubekwa isikhathi sokuphumula, amaseli okuzokwabiwa ngawo; esimweni sesithathu, kuchazwe inombolo ethile, futhi yilabo kuphela abayoqukethe.
Umbhalo uqukethe umthetho wokukhetha usetshenziswa ikakhulu kumaseli wefomethi yombhalo. Kuwindi lokusetha umthetho, kufanele ucacise igama, ingxenye yegama, noma isethi yamagama elandelanayo, lapho itholakala, amaseli ahambisanayo azogqamiswa ngendlela ozibekela ngayo.
Umthetho wusuku usebenza kumaseli aqukethe amanani kwifomethi yosuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuzilungiselelo ongasetha kuzo ukukhethwa kwamaseli ngokuthi umcimbi wenzeke nini noma uzokwenzeka nini: namuhla, izolo, kusasa, ezinsukwini zokugcina eziyi-7, njll.
Ngokusebenzisa umthetho "Wokuphinda Izinqubomgomo", ungalungiselela ukukhetha amaseli ngokuya ngokuthi idatha efakwe kuyo ifana nenye yezindlela zokuthi: ngabe idatha iyaphindwa noma ihlukile.
Imithetho yokukhetha amanani wokugcina nowokugcina
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imenyu yokufometha enemibandela inenye into ethokozisayo - "Imithetho yokukhetha amanani okuqala nawokugcina." Lapha ungahlela ukukhethwa kwamanani amakhulu amakhulu noma amancane kunawo wonke amaseli. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuntu angasebenzisa ukukhetha, kokubili ngamanani wokugcina namaphesenti. Kunemibandela yokukhetha elandelayo, ekhonjiswe ezintweni ezihambelana nemenyu:
- Izinto zokuqala eziyi-10;
- I-10% yokuqala;
- Izinto zokugcina eziyi-10;
- Okokugcina i-10%;
- Ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso;
- Ngezansi kwesilinganiso.
Kepha, ngemuva kokuthi uchofoze entweni ehambelana nayo, ungashintsha imithetho kancane. Iwindi livuleka lapho kukhethwe khona uhlobo lokukhetha, futhi, uma lufiswa, ungabeka umngcele wokukhetha ohlukile. Isibonelo, ngokuchofoza entweni "Yezinto zokuqala eziyi-10", ewindini elivulayo, enkampanini ethi "Fometha amaseli okuqala", sibeka inombolo ye-10 nge-7. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Kulungile", hhayi amanani ayi-10 amakhulu akhethiwe, kepha kuphela abangu-7.
Dala imithetho
Ngaphezulu, sikhulume ngemithetho eseyivele isethelwe ku-Excel, futhi umsebenzisi angavele ukhethe noma iyiphi yayo. Kepha, ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kufiswa, umsebenzisi angazenzela eyakhe imithetho.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza entweni ethi "Eminye imithetho ..." etholakala ezansi kohlu kunoma yisiphi isigatshana semenyu yokufometha enemibandela. Noma uqhafaze entweni ethi "Dala umthetho ..." esisisekelo semenyu enkulu yokufometha.
Iwindows livula lapho udinga ukukhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo eziyisithupha zemithetho:
- Fometha wonke amaseli ngokususelwa kumanani awo;
- Fometha amaseli kuphela aqukethe;
- Fometha kuphela amanani wokugcina nowokugcina;
- Fometha amanani kuphela angenhla noma ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso;
- Fometha kuphela amanani ahlukile noma ayimpinda;
- Sebenzisa ifomula ukuchaza amaseli afomethiwe.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwemithetho olukhethiwe, engxenyeni engezansi yewindows udinga ukumisa ushintsho encazelweni yemithetho ngokubeka amanani, izikhawu namanye amanani, esivele sixoxe ngawo ngezansi. Kulesi simo kuphela, ukubeka lezi zinani kuzoguquguquka ngokwengeziwe. Isethwa ngokushesha, ngokushintsha ifonti, imingcele bese igcwalisa, ukuthi ukukhetha kuzobukeka kanjani ngqo. Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amasethingi aqediwe, kufanele uchofoze inkinobho ethi "Kulungile" ukusindisa izinguquko.
Ukuphatha kokubusa
E-Excel, ungasebenzisa imithetho eminingana ngasikhathi sinye ebangeni elifanayo lamaseli, kepha umthetho wokugcina ofakiwe kuphela ozoboniswa esikrinini. Ukuze ulawule ukufakwa kwemithetho ehlukahlukene maqondana nebanga elithile lamaseli, udinga ukukhetha lolu banga, nakumenyu enkulu yokufometha okunemibandela, iya entweni yokuphatha yomthetho.
Iwindi livula lapho kunikezwa yonke imithetho esebenza ebangeni elikhethiwe lamaseli. Imithetho isetshenziswa ukusuka phezulu kuye phansi njengoba kubhalwe. Ngakho-ke, uma imithetho iphikisana, khona-ke ukwenziwa kwamuva kakhulu kuyo kukhonjisiwe esikrinini.
Ukuze ushintshe imithetho, kukhona izinkinobho ngesimo semicibisholo ekhomba phezulu naphansi. Ukuze umthetho uboniswe esikrinini, udinga ukuwukhetha bese uchofoza inkinobho ngendlela yomcibisholo okhomba phansi kuze kube yilapho umthetho uthatha umugqa wokugcina ohlwini.
Kukhona enye inketho. Udinga ukubheka ibhokisi kwikholamu enegama elithi "Yima uma kuyiqiniso" okuphambene nomthetho esiwudingayo. Ngakho-ke, ukudlulela emithethweni ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, uhlelo luzomisa ngqo endaweni lapho kukhona lolu phawu, futhi lungehli, okusho ukuthi lo mthetho uzogcwaliseka empeleni.
Ewindini elifanayo kukhona izinkinobho zokwakha nokuguqula umthetho okhethiwe. Ngemuva kokuchofoza kulezi zinkinobho, kwethulwa amawindi wokudala nokuguqula imithetho, esixoxe ngayo ngaphezulu.
Ukuze ususe umthetho, udinga ukuwukhetha bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Delete Rule".
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasusa imithetho ngemenyu enkulu yokufometha okunemibandela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza entweni "Susa imithetho". I-submenu ivula lapho ungayikhetha enye yezinketho zokususa: noma ususe imithetho kuphela kububanzi beseli elikhethiwe, noma ususe ngokuphelele yonke imithetho ekushidi lokuvula le-Excel elivulekile.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukufomatha okunemibandela kuyithuluzi elinamandla kakhulu lokubona idatha etafuleni. Ngalo, ungalungisa itafula ukuze ulwazi olujwayelekile olukhona lufinyelele kumsebenzisi ngalo shazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufometha okunemibandela kunikeza isikhalazo esikhulu sobuhle kudokhumenti.
