Abasebenzisi abaningi be-Excel abawuboni umehluko phakathi kwemibono "ifomethi yeseli" kanye "nohlobo lwedatha". Eqinisweni, le mininingwane isuka kude nemiqondo efanayo, noma kunjalo, ekuxhumaneni. Ake sibheke ukuthi uyini uhlobo lwezinhlobo zedatha, yiziphi izigaba ahlukaniswe ngazo, nokuthi ungasebenza kanjani nazo.
Ukuhlukaniswa Uhlobo Ledatha
Uhlobo lwedatha luwuphawu lolwazi olugcinwe ephepheni. Ngokusekelwe kulolu phawu, uhlelo lunquma ukuthi lungacubungula kanjani lokhu noma lelo nani.
Izinhlobo zedatha zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amabili: ama-constants namafomula. Umehluko phakathi kwalokhu ukuthi amafomula abonisa inani esitokisini, angahlukahluka ngokuya ngokuthi ukuphikisana kwamanye amaseli kuguquka kanjani. AmaConstant amanani angaguquki.
Futhi, izifunda zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amahlanu:
- Umbhalo
- Imininingwane yezinombolo
- Usuku nesikhathi
- Idatha enengqondo
- Amanani angalungile.
Thola ukuthi yini ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo zedatha eyimele ngemininingwane eminingi.
Isifundo: Ungashintsha kanjani ifomethi yeseli ku-Excel
Amanani Wombhalo
Uhlobo lombhalo luqukethe idatha yezinhlamvu futhi alubonwa yi-Excel njengento yokubala kwezibalo. Lolu lwazi lusetshenziselwa umsebenzisi ikakhulukazi, hhayi uhlelo. Umbhalo ungaba noma yiziphi izinhlamvu, kufaka phakathi izinombolo, uma zifomethwe ngendlela efanele. Ku-DAX, lolu hlobo lwedatha lubiza amanani entambo. Ubude bombhalo obukhulu izinhlamvu ezingama-268435456 kuseli elilodwa.
Ukufaka isitatimende somlingiswa, udinga ukukhetha umbhalo noma ifomethi ejwayelekile yesitokisi lapho izogcinwa khona, bese uthayipha umbhalo kukhibhodi. Uma ubude bokubekelwa kombhalo budlulela ngale kwemingcele ebonakalayo yeseli, khona-ke luphakanyiswa ngaphezulu kwalabo abangomakhelwane, yize ngokomzimba luqhubeka lugcinwe esitokisini sokuqala.
Imininingwane yezinombolo
Ngokubalwa okuqondile, kusetshenziswa idatha yamanani. Kukubo lapho i-Excel yenza imisebenzi ehlukene yezibalo (ukwengeza, ukususa, ukuphindaphindeka, ukuhlukanisa, ukuveza amagama, ukususwa kwezimpande, njll.). Lolu hlobo lwedatha luhloselwe izinombolo zokubhala kuphela, kepha futhi lungaqukatha izinhlamvu ezisizayo (%, $, njll). Ngokuqondene nayo, ungasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zamafomethi:
- Empeleni ngokwezinombolo;
- Intshisakalo;
- Imali;
- Kwezezimali;
- Fractional;
- Okubonakalayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Excel inamandla okwephula izinombolo zibe ngamadijithi, futhi inqume inani lamadijithi ngemuva kwephuzu ledesimali (ngamanani aphambanayo).
Ukufaka idatha yamanani kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo namanani wombhalo, esikhulume ngawo ngaphezulu.
Usuku nesikhathi
Olunye uhlobo lwedatha isikhathi nesikhathi nefomethi. Lokhu kunjalo uma izinhlobo nezinhlobo zedatha zifana. Kuboniswa iqiniso lokuthi lingasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ephepheni futhi lenze izibalo ngezinsuku nezikhathi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekubaleni lolu hlobo lwedatha luthatha usuku kuyunithi ngayinye. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi kuphela ezinsukwini, kodwa futhi nangesikhathi. Isibonelo, u-12: 30 uthathwa yilolu hlelo njengezinsuku ezingama-0.52083, futhi kuphela lapho kukhonjiswa khona esitokisini ngendlela ejwayelekile kumsebenzisi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokufomatha isikhathi:
- h: mm: ss;
- h: mm;
- h: mm: ss AM / PM;
- h: mm AM / PM, njll.
Isimo esifanayo sinamadethi:
- DD.MM.YYYY;
- DD.MMM
- MMM.YY nabanye.
Kukhona futhi amafomethi wezinsuku nesikhathi ahlanganisiwe, isibonelo DD: MM: YYYY h: mm.
Udinga futhi ukuthi ubheke ukuthi uhlelo lukhombisa kuphela izinsuku njengezinsuku ukusuka ku-1/1/11 njengezinsuku.
Isifundo: Ungawaguqula kanjani amahora abe ngamaminithi e-Excel
Idatha enengqondo
Okuthakazelisa kakhulu uhlobo lwedatha enengqondo. Isebenza ngamanani amabili kuphela: "IQINISO" futhi FALSE. Ukwenza ihaba, kusho ukuthi "umcimbi ufikile" futhi "umcimbi awufikile." Imisebenzi, ukucubungula okuqukethwe kwamaseli aqukethe idatha enengqondo, yenza izibalo ezithile.
Amanani ayiphutha
Uhlobo lwedatha oluhlukile ngamanani anephutha. Ezimweni eziningi, avela lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi ongalungile. Isibonelo, imisebenzi enjalo engalungile ifaka ukwahlukanisa ngo-zero noma ukwethula umsebenzi ngaphandle kokubheka i-syntax yayo. Phakathi kwamanani anephutha, okulandelayo kuyahlukaniswa:
- #VALUE! - Kusebenzisa uhlobo olungafanele lwempikiswano emsebenzini;
- #DEL / Hhawu! - Ukwahlukaniswa ngu-0;
- # INANI! - idatha engalungile yezinombolo;
- # N / A - inani elingafinyeleleki lifakiwe;
- #NAME? - Igama eliyiphutha kwifomula;
- # EMPTY! - ukungena okungalungile kwamakheli amabanga;
- #LINK! - Kwenzeka lapho kususwa amaseli ifomula ebekhuluma ngayo phambilini.
Amafomula
Iqembu elikhulu lehlukile lezinhlobo zedatha amafomula. Ngokungafani nama-constants, kaningi bona ngokwabo abonakali esitokisini, kepha babonisa kuphela umphumela ongahluka, ngokuya ngoguquko kwezimpikiswano. Ikakhulu, amafomula asetshenziselwa ukubala okuhlukahlukene kwezibalo. Ifomula ngokwayo ingabonakala kubha yefomula, igqamisa iseli okulo.
Isidingo sohlelo ukubona ukuthi le nkulumo njengefomula ukubakhona kwesibonakaliso esilinganayo phambi kwayo. (=).
Amafomula angaqukatha ezinye izixhumanisi kwamanye amaseli, kepha lokhu akuyona imfuneko.
Uhlobo oluhlukile lwamafomula yimisebenzi. Lawa ama-regine ayinqayizivele aqukethe isethi yezimpikiswano futhi ayicubungule ngokwe-algorithm ethile. Imisebenzi ingafakwa ngesandla esitokisini ngokunamathisela isibonakaliso kuqala "=", kepha ungasebenzisa igobolondo elikhethekile lokuqhafaza ngalezi zinhloso Isici Wizard, equkethe uhlu lonke lwabasebenzisi abakhona kulolu hlelo, ihlukaniswe izigaba.
Kusetshenziswa Umsebenzi Wizards Ungaya ewindini lokuphikisa lika-opharetha othize. Idatha noma izixhumanisi zamaseli lapho le datha equkethwe khona ifakiwe emasimini ayo. Ngemuva kokuchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" umsebenzi oshiwo uyenziwa.
Isifundo: Ukusebenza namafomula ku-Excel
Isifundo: Umsebenzi Wizard e-Excel
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, e-Excel kukhona amaqembu amabili ayinhloko ezinhlobo zedatha: ama-constants namafomula. Nazo zihlukaniswe ezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedatha lunezinto zalo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani. Ukwenza kahle ikhono lokubona futhi lisebenze ngokufanele nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zedatha kungumsebenzi oyinhloko wanoma imuphi umsebenzisi ofuna ukufunda ukusebenzisa i-Excel ngempumelelo enjongweni yakhe.
