Indlela yokusondela ku-Microsoft Excel

Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubikezela, umuntu akakwazi ukukhipha ukuqagela. Ukuyisebenzisa, ungenza izilinganiso ezilukhuni futhi ubale izinkomba ezihleliwe ngokubuyisela izinto zangempela zibe lula. E-Excel, kukhona futhi ithuba lokusebenzisa le ndlela ukubikezela nokuhlaziya. Ake sibheke ukuthi le ndlela ingasebenza kanjani ohlelweni olucacisiwe ngamathuluzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi.

Ukusondela

Igama lale ndlela livela egameni lesi-Latin elithi proxima - "eliseduze kakhulu." Kungenziwa kalula ngokwenza lula izinkomba ezaziwayo, zizakhele enkambisweni eyisisekelo sayo. Kepha le ndlela ngeke isetshenziselwe ukubikezela kuphela, kepha futhi nokufunda imiphumela ekhona. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuqagela, empeleni, ukwenziwa lula kwemininingwane yomthombo, futhi kulula ukuyihlola inguqulo eyenziwe lula.

Ithuluzi eliyinhloko okwenziwe ngalo ukubushelelezi e-Excel ukwakhiwa komugqa wethayela. Iqiniso ukuthi, kususelwa kuzinkomba ezikhona, igrafu yokusebenza yezikhathi ezizayo iyaqedwa. Inhloso eyinhloko yomugqa wokuthambekela, njengoba ungacabanga, ukwenza izibikezelo noma ukukhomba umkhuba ojwayelekile.

Kepha ingakhiwa kusetshenziswa enye yezinhlobo ezinhlanu zokusondela:

• Ulayini;
• I-Exponential;
• I-Logarithmic;
• I-Polynomial;
• Amandla.

Sibheka ukukhetha ngakunye ngokuningiliziwe.

Isifundo: Ungawakha kanjani umugqa wokuthambekela e-Excel

Indlela yoku-1: ukuhlehla okuqondile

Okokuqala, ake sibheke inketho elula yokulinganisa, okungukuthi, usebenzisa umugqa wolayini. Sizogxila kukho ngemininingwane eminingi, ngoba sizobeka amaphuzu ajwayelekile abonakala kwezinye izindlela, okungukuthi, ukwakhiwa kwesheduli nezinye izinto ezingeke sazikhumbula lapho sicubungula izinketho ezilandelayo.

Okokuqala, sizokwakha igrafu, ngesisekelo lapho sizokwenza inqubo ebushelelezi. Ukwakha isheduli, sithatha itafula lapho kuboniswa khona izindleko zanyanga zonke zezinto zokukhiqiza ezikhiqizwe ibhizinisi nenzuzo ehambisanayo ngesikhathi esinikeziwe. Umsebenzi wesithombe esizokwakha uzokhombisa ukuthembela kokukhula kwenzuzo ekwehleni kwezindleko zokukhiqiza.

1. Ukuhlela, okokuqala, khetha amakholomu "Imali Yezindleko" futhi Inzuzo. Ngemuva kwalokho, iya kuthebhu Faka. Okulandelayo, kubhavu kubhokisi lamathuluzi weChati, chofoza inkinobho "Spot". Kuluhlu oluvulayo, khetha igama "Spot ngamajika abushelelezi kanye nemaki". Yilolu hlobo lweshadi elilungele kakhulu ukusebenza ngohayini wentambo, futhi, ngakho-ke, ngokusebenzisa indlela yokulinganisa ku-Excel.



2. Uhlelo lwakhiwe.



3. Ukwengeza umugqa wethrendi, ikhethe ngokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane elifanele. Imenyu yokuqukethwe iyavela. Khetha into ekuyo "Faka umugqa wethenda ...".

   

   Kukhona enye inketho ongayifaka. Eqenjini elengeziwe lamathebhu kubambo "Ukusebenza namashadi" hambisa kuthebhu "Isakhiwo". Ngaphezu kwalokho endaweni yebhulokhi "Ukuhlaziywa" chofoza inkinobho Umugqa Wendlela. Uhlu luyavula. Njengoba sidinga ukusebenzisa ukulinganiselwa okuqondile, sikhetha ezikhundleni ezethulwe "Ukuqagela kwe-Linear".



4. Uma noma kunjalo wakhetha inketho yokuqala ngokungeza izenzo ngemenyu yokuqukethwe, iwindi lefomethi lizovuleka.

   Ebhulokini lamapharamitha "Ukwakha umugqa wethrendi (ukulinganisa nobushelelezi)" setha ukushintshela esimweni "Ulayini".
   Uma ufisa, ungabheka ibhokisi eliseduze kwesikhundla "Khombisa i-equation kumdwebo". Ngemuva kwalokho, i-equation yomsebenzi obushelelezi izokhonjiswa kumdwebo.

   Futhi esimweni sethu, ukuze uqhathanise izinketho ezahlukene zokusondela, kubalulekile ukuhlola ibhokisi eliseduze "Beka eshadini inani lokwamukelwa okuthembekile (R ^ 2)". Le nkomba ingahlukahluka kusuka 0 ngaphambili 1. Lapho ephakeme, ukulinganiselwa kungcono (kuthembekile ngokwengeziwe). Kukholelwa ukuthi ngenani lalesi sikhombisi 0,85 futhi ngaphezulu, okubushelelezi kungabhekwa njengokuthembekile, kepha uma inkomba iphansi, khona-ke cha.

   Ngemuva kokuqeda zonke lezi zilungiselelo ezingenhla. Chofoza inkinobho Valaetholakala ezansi kwewindi.



5. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umugqa wethenda uhlelwe eshadini. Ngokulinganisa okuqondile, kuboniswa ngumugqa oqondile omnyama. Uhlobo olucacisiwe lokusheleleka lungasetshenziswa ezimweni ezilula lapho idatha ishintsha ngokushesha okukhulu kanye nokuncika kwenani lomsebenzi kusimpikiswano kusobala.

I-smoothing esetshenziswa kuleli cala ichazwa ifomula elandelayo:

y = izembe + b

Esimweni sethu esithile, ifomula ithatha ifomu elilandelayo:

y = -0.1156x + 72.255

Inani lokunemba kokusondela lilingana nalo 0,9418, okuwumphumela owamukelekayo obonakala ubushelelezi njengothembekile.

Indlela yesi-2: Ukusondela kwesilinganiso

Manje ake sibheke uhlobo lwe-exponential appro approation lwe-Excel.

1. Ukuze uguqule uhlobo lomugqa wethenda, ikhethe ngokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane bese ukhetha into kumenyu ye-pop-up "Uhlobo lomugqa wethenda ...".



2. Ngemuva kwalokho, iwindi lefomethi ejwayelekile iyaqala. Ebhlokini lokukhetha uhlobo lokukhetha, setha ukushintshela ku "Okubonakalayo". Izilungiselelo ezisele zizosala zifana nesimo sokuqala. Chofoza inkinobho Vala.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, umugqa wesitayela uzohlelwa kweshadi. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uma usebenzisa le ndlela, inesimo esigobe kancane. Kulesi simo, izinga lokuzethemba likhona 0,9592, ephakeme kunaleyo uma usebenzisa ukulinganisa okuqondile. Indlela ye-exponential isetshenziswa kangcono uma amanani asheshe ashintshe ngokushesha abesethatha uhlobo olulinganiselayo.

Indlela ejwayelekile yokusebenza okubushelelezi imi ngalendlela elandelayo:

y = be ^ x

kuphi e yisisekelo se-logarithm yemvelo.

Esimweni sethu esithile, ifomula yathatha le ndlela elandelayo:

y = 6282.7 * e ^ (- 0.012 * x)

Indlela 3: ukuthambisa kwe-logarithmic

Manje sekuyithuba lokuthi ucabangele indlela yokusondela kwe-logarithmic.

1. Ngendlela efanayo nesikhathi esedlule, sethula iwindi lomugqa wefomethi yemenyu ngemenyu yokuqukethwe. Setha ukushintshela esikhundleni "I-Logarithmic" bese uchofoza inkinobho Vala.



2. Kunenqubo yokwakha umugqa wethrendi ngokusondela kwe-logarithmic. Njengasesimweni esedlule, le ndlela isetshenziswa kangcono uma kuqala idatha ishintsha ngokushesha bese ibheka kahle. Njengoba ubona, izinga lokuzethemba lingama-0.946. Lokhu kuphakeme kunokusebenzisa indlela eqondile, kepha kuphansi kunekhwalithi yendlela yokugibela ngokulungisa okubonakalayo.

Ngokuvamile, ifomula ebushelelezi ibukeka kanjena:

y = a * ln (x) + b

kuphi ln inani le-logarithm yemvelo. Ngakho-ke igama lendlela.

Kithina, ifomula ithatha ifomu elilandelayo:

y = -62.81ln (x) +404.96

Indlela 4: bushelelezi be-polynomial

Isikhathi sesifikile sokucabanga ngendlela ye-polynomial smoothing.

1. Iya kumugqa wefomethi yomugqa wethayela, njengoba kwenziwe kaningi. Ebhlokini "Ukwakha umugqa wethayela" setha ukushintshela esimweni "I-Polynomial". Ngakwesokudla sento kunensimu "Isiqu". Lapho ukhetha inani "I-Polynomial" iyasebenza. Lapha ungacacisa noma yiliphi inani lamandla kusuka 2 (isethwe ngokuzenzakalelayo) ukuze 6. Le nkomba inquma inani le-maxima ne-minima yomsebenzi. Lapho ufaka i-polynomial ye-degree yesibini, kuchazwa inani elilodwa kuphela, futhi lapho kufakwa i-polynomial ye-degree lesithupha, kungafinyelela kuma-maxima amahlanu. Okokuqala, ake shiye izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, okungukuthi, sizokhombisa idigri yesibili. Sishiya amanye amasethingi ngokufanayo njengoba sizibeka ezindleleni ezedlule. Chofoza inkinobho Vala.



2. Umugqa wethenda osebenzisa le ndlela uhlelwe. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, igobekile ngisho nangokwengeziwe ngenkathi usebenzisa i-exponential approxation. Izinga lokuzithemba liphakeme kunanoma yiziphi izindlela ezisetshenziswe ngaphambili, futhi 0,9724.

   

   Le ndlela ingasebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu uma idatha ihlala ihluka njalo. Umsebenzi ochaza lolu hlobo lokuswakama ubukeka kanjena:

   y = a1 + a1 * x + a2 * x ^ 2 + ... + an * x ^ n

   Kithina, ifomula yathatha le ndlela elandelayo:

   y = 0.0015 * x ^ 2-1.7202 * x + 507.01

3. Manje ake sishintshe ama-polynomials ukubona ukuthi umphumela uzokwehluka. Sibuyela ewindini lefomethi. Sishiya uhlobo lokusondela polynomial, kodwa okuphambene nalo, ewindini ledigri, setha inani eliphezulu kakhulu - 6.



4. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngemuva kwalokhu umugqa wethu wokuhamba uthathe isimo sejika elishiwoyo, lapho inani lamamima liyisithupha. Izinga lokuzethemba likhuphuke ngisho nangokwengeziwe, lifinyelela ku 0,9844.

Ifomula echaza lolu hlobo lokuswakama ithatha indlela elandelayo:

y = 8E-08x ^ 6-0,0003x ^ 5 + 0,3725x ^ 4-269,33x ^ 3 + 109525x ^ 2-2E + 07x + 2E + 09

Indlela 5: amandla abushelelezi

Sengiphetha, sibheka indlela yokusondela kumthetho wamandla e-Excel.

1. Siqhubekela efasiteleni Isimo Somugqa Wendlela. Setha uhlobo lokushintsha okubushelelezi lube sesikhundleni "Amandla". Ukuboniswa kwe-equation kanye nezinga lokuzethemba, njengoba kwenzeka njalo, kusasele. Chofoza inkinobho Vala.



2. Uhlelo lolu lwakha umugqa wesitayela. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kithi kungumugqa ogobe kancane. Ileveli yokuzethemba 0,9618, okuyisilinganiso esihle kakhulu. Kuzo zonke izindlela ezingenhla, izinga lokuzethemba laliphezulu kuphela uma kusetshenziswa indlela ye-polynomial.

Le ndlela isetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezimweni zokushintshwa okukhulu kwemininingwane yokusebenza. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubheke ukuthi le ndlela isebenza kuphela ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthi umsebenzi kanye nengxabano akumukeli amanani angalungile noma zero.

Ifomula ejwayelekile echaza le ndlela inefomu elilandelayo:

y = bx ^ n

Esimweni sethu esithile, kubukeka kanjena:

y = 6E + 18x ^ (- 6.512)

Njengoba ubona, lapho sisebenzisa idatha ethile esiyisebenzise njengesibonelo, indlela yokusondela kwe-polynomial ene-polynomial kufinyelela kwesithupha ikhombise izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthembekile (0,9844), izinga eliphansi kakhulu lokuzethemba ngendlela eqondile (0,9418) Kepha lokhu akusho neze ukuthi ukuthambekela okufanayo kuzoba nezinye izibonelo. Cha, izinga lempumelelo lezindlela ezingenhla zingahluka kakhulu, kuya ngohlobo oluthile lomsebenzi owakhelwe ngalo umugqa wesitayela. Ngakho-ke, uma indlela ekhethiwe isebenza kakhulu kulo msebenzi, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi kuzophinde kube kahle kwesinye isimo.

Uma ungeke unqume ngokushesha, ngokususelwa ezincomeni ezingenhla, ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lokulingana olufanele ngqo icala lakho, ngakho-ke kunengqondo ukuzama zonke izindlela. Ngemuva kokwakha umugqa wokulinganisa nokubuka izinga lokuzethemba kwayo, kuzokwazi ukukhetha inketho engcono kakhulu.