Khetha ikhadi lemifanekiso lebhodi lomama

I-adaptha eyengeziwe ye-disc (discrete) iyadingeka ezimweni lapho iprosesa ingenayo i-chip ehlanganisiwe yehluzo futhi / noma ikhompyutha idinga ukusebenza okulungile emidlalweni esindayo, abahleli bezithombe nezinhlelo zokuhlela ividiyo.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-adaptha yevidiyo kufanele ihambisane ngangokunokwenzeka nge-adaptha yehluzo yamanje ne-processor. Futhi, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa ikhompyutha ekusebenzeni kwehluzo esindayo, khona-ke qiniseka ukuthi ibhodi lomama linamandla okufaka uhlelo olwengeziwe lokupholisa lwekhadi levidiyo.

Mayelana nabakhiqizi

Ukukhishwa kwamakhadi wehluzo okusetshenziselwa kabanzi kukhona abakhiqizi abakhulu abambalwa kuphela. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwama-adapter wehluzo kususelwe kubuchwepheshe be-NVIDIA, AMD noma be-Intel. Zonke izinkampani ezintathu zibandakanyeke ekukhiqizweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamakhadi wevidiyo, cabanga ngomehluko wazo osemqoka.

• Nvidia - Inkampani eyaziwa kakhulu ukuthi ikhiqiza ama-adaptha wehluzo ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Imikhiqizo yayo ekuqaleni ihloselwe ama-gamers nalabo abasebenza kahle ngevidiyo kanye / noma ihluzo. Naphezu kwezindleko eziphakeme zemikhiqizo, abasebenzisi abaningi (abangafuni ngisho kakhulu) bakhetha le nkampani ethile. Ama-adaptha ayo athembekile, ukusebenza okuphezulu nokuhambisana okuhle;
• I-AMD - Umqhudelwano ophambili weNVIDIA, ubandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni kwamakhadi wevidiyo esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bayo. Ngokubambisana ne-processor ye-AMD, lapho kukhona i-adaptha yemifanekiso ehlanganisiwe, imikhiqizo ebomvu inikezela ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu. Ama-adaptha we-AMD ashesha kakhulu, enza kahle ngokweqile, kepha anezinkinga ezithile zokushiswa ngokweqile nokuhambisana nezimbangi zomqhudelana "Blue", kepha azibizi kakhulu;



• Intel - Okokuqala, kukhiqiza amaprosesa nge-adaptha yemidwebo ehlanganisiwe esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bayo, kepha kuyakhiwa nayo i-adaptha yemidwebo ngayinye. Amakhadi wevidiyo e-Intel awafani ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, kepha athatha ikhwalithi yawo nokuthembeka, ngenxa yalokho, alungele "umshini wehhovisi" ojwayelekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani labo liphezulu impela;



• Msi - Khiqiza amakhadi wevidiyo ngokuya nge-patent evela ku-NVIDIA. Okokuqala, kugxilwe kubanikazi bemishini yokudlala kanye nemishini efanelekile. Imikhiqizo yale nkampani iyabiza, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ekhiqizayo, esezingeni eliphakeme futhi empeleni ayibangeli zinkinga zokuhambisana;



• IGigabyte - Omunye umakhi wezinto zekhompiyutha, oqonde kancane kancane ezingxenyeni zemishini yokudlala. Ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi amakhadi wevidiyo asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-NVIDIA, kepha kube nemizamo yokukhiqiza amakhadi wesitayela se-AMD. Umsebenzi wama-adaptha wehluzo ovela kulo mkhiqizi awubangeli noma yiziphi izikhalazo ezingathi sína, futhi futhi anentengo elungele okuthe xaxa kune-MSI ne-NVIDIA;



• Asus - Umkhiqizi owaziwa kakhulu wemishini yamakhompiyutha emakethe yamakhompiyutha kanye nezinto zawo. Muva nje, waqala ukukhiqiza amakhadi wevidiyo ngokwe-NVIDIA ne-AMD ejwayelekile. Ezimweni eziningi, inkampani ikhiqiza ama-adapter wegrafikhi wokudlala nezamakhompiyutha ochwepheshe, kepha futhi kunamamodeli angabizi kakhulu wezikhungo zemultimedia yasekhaya.

Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi amakhadi wevidiyo ahlukaniswe nguchungechunge olukhulu oluphambili:

• I-NVIDIA GeForce. Lo msele usetshenziswa yibo bonke abakhiqizi abakhipha amakhadi ngokuya nge-NVIDIA standard;
• I-AMD Radeon. Kusetshenziswa i-AMD uqobo futhi abakhiqizi abakhiqiza imikhiqizo ngokuya ngamazinga e-AMD;
• I-Intel HD Graphics. Kusetshenziswa kuphela i-Intel uqobo.

Izixhumi zeKhadi Lezithombe

Onke amakhodi wesimanje anesixhumi esikhethekile sohlobo lwe-PCI, ongaxhuma ngaso i-adaptha yemifanekiso eyengeziwe nezinye izinto. Okwamanje, ihlukaniswe izinguqulo ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-PCI ne-PCI-Express.

Inketho yokuqala isheshe iphelelwe amandla futhi ayinayo i-bandwidth enhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuthenga i-adaptha yemifanekiso enamandla kuyo akunangqondo, ngoba eyokugcina izosebenza kuphela ingxenye yomthamo wayo. Kepha uphatha kahle amakhadi wehluzo lesabelomali "wemishini yasehhovisi" nezikhungo zemultimedia. Futhi, qiniseka ukubona ukuthi ikhadi levidiyo liyaluxhasa yini lolu hlobo lwesixhumi. Emiklamo ethile yesimanje (ngisho nengxenye yesabelomali) kungenzeka ingasekeli isixhumi esinjalo.

Inketho yesibili ivame ukutholakala kumabhodi wesimanje wesimanje futhi isekelwa cishe ngawo wonke amakhadi wehluzo, ngaphandle kwamamodeli amadala kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga i-adaptha yemifanekiso enamandla (noma ama-adaptha amaningana), ngoba ibhasi layo lihlinzeka ngobubanzi bomkhawulokudonsa nokuhambisana okuhle kweprosesa, i-RAM futhi isebenza ngamakhadi wevidiyo amaningi ndawonye. Kodwa-ke, amabhodi we-mama walesi sixhumanisi angabiza kakhulu.

I-PCI slot ingahlukaniswa izinguqulo eziningana - 2.0, 2.1 no-3.0. Uma iphakama inguqulo, iba ngcono ibhendi yebhasi nekhadi levidiyo ngokuhlangana nezinye izingxenye ze-PC. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lwesixhumi, kuzokwazi ukufaka noma iyiphi i-adaptha kuyo ngaphandle kwezinkinga uma ilingana nesixhumi.

Futhi, kumabhodi we-mama amadala kakhulu, ungathola esikhundleni sokuxhuma okujwayelekile kwe-PCI namuhla, isokisi elinjenge-AGP. Lesi isixhumi esiphelelwe yisikhathi futhi cishe azikho izinto ezenzelwe yona, ngakho-ke uma i-motherboard yakho indala kakhulu, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukuthola ikhadi levidiyo elisha lesixhumi esinjalo.

Mayelana nama-chip video

I-chip yevidiyo yiprosesa encane ehlanganiswe ekwakhiweni kwekhadi levidiyo. Amandla we-adaptha yehluzo ancike kuwo, futhi ngokwengxenye ukuhambisana kwawo nezinye izinto zekhompyutha (ngokuyinhloko nge-processor ephakathi nendawo ne-chipboard ye-motherboard). Isibonelo, amakhadi wevidiyo we-AMD ne-Intel anama-video chip anikeza ukuhambisana okuhle kuphela neprosesa lomenzi uqobo, ngaphandle kwalokho ulahlekelwe kakhulu ukusebenza nekhwalithi yomsebenzi.

Ukusebenza kwama-chip video, ngokuhlukile kumprosesa ophakathi, akukalwa hhayi kuma-cores kanye nemvamisa, kepha amayunithi we-shader (computing). Eqinisweni, le yinto efana nama-mini-cores eprosesa ephakathi, kumakhadi wevidiyo kuphela inani lalawo angafika ezinkulungwaneni eziningana. Isibonelo, amakhadi wesigaba sesabelomali anamabhulokhi angama-400-600, isilinganiso esingu-600-1000, ukuphakama okungu-1000-2800.

Naka inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-chip. Kuboniswa kuma-nanometers (nm) futhi kufanele kwehluka kusuka ku-14 kuye ku-65 nm kumakhadi wevidiyo wesimanje. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwekhadi nokuhanjiswa kwalo kokushisayo kuncike ekutheni lincane kangakanani leli nani. Kunconywa ukuthenga amamodeli ngenani eliphansi lenqubo, njengoba zihlanganiswe ngokwengeziwe, zisebenzisa amandla amancane futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - zikweqile ngokweqile.

Ukusebenza Komthelela Wememori Yevidiyo

Imemori yevidiyo inokuthile okufana nememori yokusebenza, kepha umehluko omkhulu ukuthi isebenza kancane ngokuya kwamanye amazinga futhi inefrikhwensi yokusebenza ephezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kubalulekile ukuthi imemori yevidiyo ihambisane ngangokunokwenzeka ne-RAM, iprosesa kanye nebhodi lomama, njengoba I-mamaboard isekela usayizi othile wememori yevidiyo, imvamisa nohlobo.

Imakethe manje inikela ngamakhadi wevidiyo anemvamisa ye-GDDR3, GDDR5, GDDR5X ne-HBM. Okokugcina yikhwalithi ye-AMD, esetshenziswa kuphela ngumenzi, ngakho-ke imishini eyenziwe ngokwezinga le-AMD ingaba nezinkinga ezinkulu ekusebenzeni nezinto ezivela kwabanye abakhiqizi (amakhadi wevidiyo, ama processor). Ngokuya ngokusebenza, i-HBM yinto ephakathi kwe-GDDR5 ne-GDDR5X.

I-GDDR3 isetshenziswa kumakhadi wehluzo lesabelomali nge-chip ebuthakathaka, njengoba Kudingeka amandla amakhulu wokucubungula ukusakazwa okukhudlwana kwemininingwane yememori. Lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo luba nemvamisa ephansi kakhulu emakethe - kububanzi ukusuka ku-1600 MHz kuya ku-2000 MHz. Akunconyiwe ukuthenga i-adaptha yemifanekiso enesilinganiso semvamisa engaphansi kwe-1600 MHz, njengoba kulokhu, ngisho imidlalo ebuthakathaka izosebenza kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwenkumbulo olwaziwa kakhulu yi-GDDR5, esetshenziswa esigabeni samanani aphakathi ngisho nakwamanye amamodeli wesabelomali. Imvamisa yewashi yalolu hlobo lwenkumbulo icishe ibe ngu-2000-3600 MHz. Ama-adaptha abizayo asebenzisa uhlobo lwenkumbulo oluthuthukisiwe - i-GDDR5X, enikezela ngejubane lokudluliswa kwedatha ephezulu futhi ibuye ibe nemvamisa efinyelela ku-5000 MHz.

Ngaphezu kohlobo lwenkumbulo, naka inani layo. Kumabhodi wesabelomali kukhona cishe i-1 GB yememori yevidiyo, esigabeni samanani aphansi kunengqondo impela ukuthola amamodeli ane-2 GB yememori. Engxenyeni ebiza kakhulu, amakhadi wevidiyo ane-6 GB yememori angatholakala. Ngenhlanhla, ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemidlalo yanamuhla, ama-adaptha wehluzo ane-2 GB yememori yevidiyo anele. Kepha uma udinga ikhompiyutha yokudlala engadonsela amageyimu akhiqizayo eminyakeni emi-2, bese uthenga amakhadi wevidiyo enenkumbulo enkulu kakhulu. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungcono ukunikela ngokuthanda uhlobo lwenkumbulo GDDR5 nokushintshwa kwayo, kuleli cala akufanele uxoshe amavolumu amakhulu. Kungcono ukuthenga ikhadi nge-2 GB GDDR5 kunoku-4 GB GDDR3.

Futhi unake ububanzi bebhasi ngokudluliswa kwedatha. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-bits angama-128, uma kungenjalo, uzoba nokusebenza okuphansi cishe kuzo zonke izinhlelo. Ububanzi bebhasi obufanele buyehluka phakathi kwezingama-128-384.

Graphics Card Energy ufanisi

Amanye ama-motherboards namandla kagesi awakwazi ukusekela amandla adingekayo futhi / noma awunazo izixhumi ezikhethekile zokusebenzisa amandla ikhadi lehluzo elifunayo, ngakho-ke gcina lokhu engqondweni. Uma i-adaptha yehluzo ingalungile ngenxa yokusebenzisa amandla amaningi, ungayifaka (uma ezinye izimo zilungile), kepha ngeke uthole ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamakhadi wevidiyo wezigaba ezahlukahlukene kungokulandelayo:

• Isigaba sokuqala - akukho ngaphezu kwama-70 watts. Ikhadi lalesi sigaba lizosebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga nganoma iyiphi i-motherboard yesimanje kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla;
• Isigaba esiphakathi sisebangeni lama-watts angama-70-150. Kulokhu, akuzona zonke izakhi esezifanelekile;
• Amakhadi wokusebenza okuphezulu asukela ku-150 kuya kuma-300 Watts Kulokhu, udinga ugesi okhethekile nebhodi lomama, eliguqulwa ngezidingo zemishini yokudlala.

Ukuphola Kwekhadi Levidiyo

Uma i-adaptha yehluzo iqala ukubonakala ngokweqile, khona-ke, njengeprosesa, ayikwazi nje ukwehluleka, kepha futhi ilimaze ubuqotho bebhodi lomama, okuzoholela emuva emonakalweni omkhulu. Ngakho-ke, amakhadi wevidiyo athola uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokupholisa, oluhlukaniswe futhi ngezinhlobo eziningana:

• I-Passive - kulokhu, akukho lutho olunamathiselwe ekhadini lokupholisa, noma yi-radiator kuphela ebandakanyekayo kwinqubo, engasebenzi kahle kakhulu. I-adaptha enjalo, njengomthetho, ayinakho ukusebenza okuphezulu, ngakho-ke, ukupholisa okungathí sina akudingekile;



• Iyasebenza - uhlelo oluphelele lokupholisa selivele selukhona lapha - nge-radiator, ifeni futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngamapayipi okushisa ethusi. Ingasetshenziswa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamakhadi wehluzo. Enye yezinketho zokupholisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu;



• I-Turbine - ngezindlela eziningi ezifanayo nenguqulo esebenzayo. Icala elikhudlwana lifakwe ekhadini, lapho kukhona khona injini ekhethekile edonsa umoya ngamandla amakhulu futhi iwudlulise ngeredator kanye namashubhu akhethekile. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ingafakwa kuphela kumakhadi amakhulu anamandla.

Naka lokho okuqukethwe yi-fan blades nezindonga ze-radiator. Uma imithwalo emikhulu yabelwa ikhadi, kungcono ukulahla amamodeli ngama-radiators epulasitiki bese ucabanga ngenketho nge-aluminium. Ama-radiator amahle kakhulu anezindonga zethusi noma zensimbi. Futhi, amakhadi wehluzo "ashisayo" kakhulu, abalandeli abasebenza ngezinsimbi esikhundleni seplastiki balungele kangcono. lezo zingancibilika.

Ubukhulu bamakhadi wevidiyo

Uma une-motherboard encane futhi / noma eshibhile, bese uzama ukukhetha amakhadi wehluzo amancane, njengoba sikhulu kakhulu singaguqa ibhodi lomama elibuthakathaka noma simane singangeni kulo uma lincane kakhulu.

Ukwahlukaniswa ngosayizi, njengoba kunjalo, akukhona. Amanye amakhadi angaba mancane, kepha lezi ngokuvamile amamodeli angenamandla ngaphandle kohlelo lokupholisa, noma nge-heatsink encane. Ubukhulu obuqondile buchazwe kahle kuwebhusayithi yomenzi noma esitolo esithengiwe.

Ububanzi bekhadi levidiyo bungancika kwinani lezixhumi ezikulo. Kumakhophi ashibhile, imvamisa kunomugqa owodwa wokuxhuma (izingcezu ezi-2 umugqa ngamunye).

Izixhumi zeKhadi Lezithombe

Uhlu lokufakwa kwangaphandle lubandakanya:

• I-DVI - ngosizo lwayo kukhona ukuxhumana nabaqaphi besimanje, ngakho-ke lesi sixhumanisi sikhona cishe kuwo wonke amakhadi wevidiyo. Ihlukaniswe yaba ngama-subtypes amabili - i-DVI-D ne-DVI-I. Esimweni sokuqala kukhona kuphela isixhumi sedijithali, kwesibili kukhona nesiginali ye-analog;
• I-HDMI - ngosizo lwayo kungenzeka ukuxhuma ama-TV anamuhla kukhompyutha. Isixhumi esinjalo sise makhadini wezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo eziphakeme kuphela;
• Vga - okudingekayo ukuxhuma ama-monitors amaningi nama-projektha;
• Ukukhombisa - kunenani elincane kuphela lamamodeli amakhadi wevidiyo, asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma uhlu oluncane lweziqaphi ezikhethekile.

Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi unaka ubukhona besixhumi esikhethekile samandla wokuxhuma kumakhadi wevidiyo anamandla (akudingekile kangako amamodeli "wemishini yasehhovisi" kanye nezikhungo zemultimedia). Bahlukaniswe aba-6 no-8 oxhumana nabo. Ukuze usebenze kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi i-motherboard yakho kanye negetsi yamandla ixhase laba abaxhumi nenombolo yabo yokuxhumana.

Ukusekelwa kwamakhadi wehluzo amaningi

Amama-boardboard omama aphakathi namakhulu anezikhala eziningana zokuxhuma amakhadi wevidiyo. Imvamisa inani labo alidluli izingcezu ezi-4, kepha kumakhompiyutha akhethekile kungahle kube nokuningi. Ngaphezu kokutholakala kwezixhumi zamahhala, kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi amakhadi wevidiyo angasebenza ngokubambisana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, cabanga ngemithetho eminingana:

• Ibhodi lomama kumele lisekele umsebenzi wamakhadi wevidiyo amaningana ngokuhlangana. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi isixhumi esidingekayo siyatholakala, kepha i-motherboard isekela ukusebenza kwe-adaptha yemifanekiso eyodwa, ngenkathi isixhumi esengeziwe
• Onke amakhadi wevidiyo kufanele enziwe ngokuya nge-standard eyodwa - i-NVIDIA noma i-AMD. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngeke bakwazi ukuxhumana nabanye futhi bangaxabana, okungaholela nasekuhlulekeni ohlelweni;
• Amakhadi we-Graphics kumele futhi abe nezixhumi ezikhethekile zokuxhuma amanye ama-adaptha nawo, uma kungenjalo ngeke uzuze ukwenziwa ngcono kokusebenza. Uma kunesixhumi esisodwa kuphela kumakhadi, khona-ke kungaxhunywa i-adaptha eyodwa kuphela, uma kunokokufaka ezimbili, khona-ke isibalo esiphezulu samakhadi wevidiyo ongeziwe sikhuphuka siye ku-3, kanye nesokuqala.

Kunomunye umthetho obalulekile maqondana ne-motherboard - kufanele kube nokusekelwa kobunye bobuchwepheshe bekhadi le-video bundling - SLI noma i-CrossFire. Owokuqala yi-brainchild ye-NVIDIA, owesibili yi-AMD. Njengomthetho, kumabhodi amaningi, ikakhulukazi isabelomali nengxenye yesabelomali esiphakathi, kukhona ukusekelwa koyedwa wabo. Ngakho-ke, uma une-adaptha ye-NVIDIA, futhi ufuna ukuthenga elinye ikhadi kumakhiqizi ofanayo, kepha i-motherboard isekela kuphela ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-AMD, kuzofanela ufake ikhadi eliyinhloko yevidiyo nge-analog evela ku-AMD futhi uthenge enye eyengeziwe kumkhiqizi ofanayo.

Akukhathalekile ukuthi luhlobo luni lobuchwepheshe be-bundling elixhaswa yi-motherboard - ikhadi elilodwa levidiyo kusuka kunoma yimuphi umenzi lizosebenza kahle (uma lisavumelana neprosesa eliphakathi), kepha uma ufuna ukufaka amakhadi amabili, ungahle ube nezinkinga kulokhu.

Ake sibheke izinzuzo zamakhadi wehluzo ambalwa asebenza ngokuhlangana:

• Ukwanda kokukhiqiza;
• Kwesinye isikhathi kusizuzisa ukuthenga ikhadi levidiyo elingeziwe (kubalo lekhwalithi yentengo) kunokufaka entsha, enamandla amakhulu;
• Uma elinye lamakhadi ehluleka, ikhompyutha izohlala isebenza ngokuphelele futhi izokwazi ukudonsa imidlalo esindayo, noma kunjalo, isivele isezilungiselelo eziphansi.

Kukhona nokubi:

• Izinkinga zokuvumelana. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho ufaka amakhadi wevidiyo amabili, ukusebenza kungavele kube kubi kuphela;
• Ngokusebenza okuzinzile, udinga ugesi onamandla nokupholisa okuhle, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuqothuka kokushisa kwamakhadi wevidiyo ambalwa afakwe eceleni kuyanda kakhulu;
• Bangakhiqiza umsindo owengeziwe ngezizathu zesigaba esedlule.

Lapho uthenga ikhadi levidiyo, qiniseka ukuthi uqhathanisa zonke izici zebhodi lesistimu, ukuhanjiswa kwamandla neprosesa eliphakathi nezincomo zalo modeli. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthenga amamodeli lapho kunikezwa isiqinisekiso esikhulu kunazo zonke, njengoba le ngxenye yekhompyutha ifakwa imithwalo esindayo futhi ingahluleka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Isikhathi esilinganiselwe sesiqinisekiso siyahluka phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-12- 24, kepha singade.