Ukwakha igrafu yenethiwekhi ku-Microsoft Excel

Umdwebo wenethiwekhi yithebula elenzelwe ukudweba uhlelo lwephrojekthi nokubheka ukuqaliswa kwayo. Ngokwakhiwa kwalo okuhle, kunezicelo ezikhethekile, isibonelo, i-MS Project. Kepha kumabhizinisi amancane futhi ikakhulukazi izidingo zomnotho zomuntu, akunangqondo ukuthenga isoftware ekhethekile futhi uchithe isikhathi esiningi efunda ubunzima bokusebenza kuyo. Iprosesa yesipredishithi se-Excel, efakwe abasebenzisi abaningi, iyaphumelela ekwakheni umdwebo wenethiwekhi. Ake sibheke ukuthi siwuqeda kanjani umsebenzi ongenhla kulolu hlelo.

Bheka futhi: Ungayenza kanjani ishadi le-Gantt e-Excel

Inqubo Yezokuxhumana

Ungakha umdwebo wenethiwekhi ku-Excel usebenzisa ishadi le-Gantt. Ukuba nolwazi oludingekayo, ungahlanganisa itafula lanoma ikuphi ukubukeka okuyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela kusheduli yokubuka yabalindi futhi kuphele ngamaphrojekthi anhlobonhlobo ahlukahlukene. Bheka i-algorithm yokwenza lo msebenzi, wenza umdwebo wenethiwekhi olula.

Isigaba 1: ukwakha isakhiwo setafula

Okokuqala, udinga ukwenza isakhiwo sethebula. Kuzoba inethiwekhi ye-wireframe. Izinto ezijwayelekile zomdwebo wenethiwekhi ngamakholomu akhombisa inombolo ye-serial yomsebenzi othile, igama lawo, elibhekele ukwenziwa kwalo nomnqamulajuqu. Kepha ngaphandle kwalezi zinto eziyisisekelo kungahle kube nezengezelelweyo ngohlobo lwamanothi, njll.

1. Ngakho-ke, sifaka amagama ekholamu enhlokweni ezayo yetafula. Ngokwesibonelo sethu, amagama wekholomu azoba ngale ndlela elandelayo:
   • No. p / p;
   • Igama lomcimbi;
   • Umuntu onesibopho;
   • Usuku lokuqala
   • Isikhathi ngezinsuku
   • Qaphela

   Uma amagama angahambelani esitokisini, mane ucindezele imingcele yako.



2. Maka izakhi zekhanda bese uqhafaza endaweni yokukhetha. Uhlu, phawula inani "Ifomethi yeseli ...".



3. Ewindini elisha, dlulela esigabeni Ukuqondanisa. Endaweni "Okuvundlile" beka inkinobho eshintshiwe "Maphakathi". Eqenjini "Khombisa" beka umkhaza eduze kwento Ukugoqwa Kwamagama. Lokhu kuzoba wusizo kithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho sizokwengeza kahle itafula ukuze kulondolozwe isikhala eshidini, kugudluzwa imingcele yezinto zalo.



4. Sithuthela kuthebhu yefomethi yokufometha Ifonti. Ebhuthini yezilungiselelo "Okubhaliwe" hlola ibhokisi eliseduze kwepharamitha Bold. Lokhu kumele kwenziwe ukuze amagama wekholamu avele phakathi kweminye imininingwane. Manje chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile"ukusindisa izinguquko zokufomatha ezifakiwe.



5. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukukhombisa imingcele yetafula. Sikhetha amaseli ngegama lamakholomu, kanye nenombolo yemigqa engezansi kwazo, ezolingana nenani elilinganisiwe lemicimbi ehleliwe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yephrojekthi.



6. Itholakala kuthebhu "Ikhaya", chofoza unxantathu ngakwesokudla sesithonjana "Imingcele" ebhlokini Ifonti ekhasethini. Uhlu lokukhethwa kohlobo lomngcele luyavula. Senza ukukhetha ngesikhundla Yonke Imingcele.

Ngalesi sikhathi, ukudalwa kwetafula elingenalutho kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.

Isifundo: Ukufaka amatafula e-Excel

Isigaba 2: ukudala umugqa wesikhathi

Manje sidinga ukudala ingxenye esemqoka yomdwebo wenethiwekhi yethu - umugqa wesikhathi. Kuzoba iqoqo lamakholomu, ngalinye elihambelana nesikhathi esisodwa sephrojekthi. Imvamisa, isikhathi esisodwa silingana nosuku olulodwa, kepha kunezimo lapho ubukhulu benkathi bubalwa emavikini, ezinyangeni, ezikhathini zeminyaka ngisho naseminyakeni.

Esibonelweni sethu, sisebenzisa inketho lapho isikhathi esisodwa silingana nosuku olulodwa. Masenze umugqa wesikhathi wezinsuku ezingama-30.

1. Sidlulela emngceleni ongakwesokudla we-blank yetafula lethu. Kusukela kulo mngcele, sikhetha ibanga lamakholomu angama-30, futhi inani lemigqa lilingana nenani lemigqa kuzinto zokusebenza esazidala ngaphambili.



2. Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza isithonjana "Umngcele" kwimodi Yonke Imingcele.



3. Ngemuva kokuba imingcele iveziwe, sizofaka izinsuku emugqeni wesikhathi. Ake sithi sizolawula iphrojekthi enesikhathi esifanelekile kusuka ngoJuni 1 kuya kuJuni 30, 2017. Kulokhu, igama lekholomu lomugqa wesikhathi kufanele lisethwe ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esibekiwe. Kuyiqiniso, ukufaka ngesandla zonke izinsuku kukhathaza, ngakho-ke sizosebenzisa ithuluzi lokuqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo elibizwa "Ukuqhubeka".

   Faka usuku entweni yokuqala yesikhathi samantshontsho "01.06.2017". Hambisa kuthebhu "Ikhaya" bese uchofoza isithonjana Gcwalisa. Imenyu eyengeziwe iyavula, lapho udinga ukukhetha into "Ukuqhubeka ...".



4. I-Window activation Iqala "Ukuqhubeka". Eqenjini "Indawo" kumele kumakwe Umugqa ngomugqa, njengoba sizogcwalisa unhlokweni, kwethulwe njengeyunithi yezinhlamvu. Eqenjini "Thayipha" ipharamitha kumele imakwe Izinsuku. Ebhlokini "Amayunithi" beka inkinobho eduze kwesikhundla "Usuku". Endaweni "Isinyathelo" kumele kube isisho esiyinombolo "1". Endaweni "Umkhawulo wenani" khombisa usuku 30.06.2017. Qhafaza "Kulungile".



5. Ukuhlelwa kwekhanda kuzogcwaliswa ngezinsuku ezilandelanayo ebangeni likaJuni 1-30, 2017. Kepha kunethiwekhi, sinamaseli amaningi kakhulu, athinta kabi ukubumbana kwetafula, futhi, ngakhoke, ukubonakala kwayo. Ngakho-ke, sizokwenza uchungechunge lokukhwabanisa ukwenza kahle itafula.
   Khetha unhlokweni wesikhathi. Chofoza kusiqephu esikhethiwe. Uhlu esima ngalo Uhlobo Lweseli.



6. Ewindini lokufometha elivulayo, dlulela esigabeni Ukuqondanisa. Endaweni Ukuzilolonga inani elisethiwe "90 degrees", noma hambisa into ngesikhombisi "Okubhaliwe" phezulu. Chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



7. Ngemuva kwalokho, amagama amakholomu ngendlela yezinsuku ashintshe ukuguquguquka kwawo kusuka ekuvundeni kuye mpo. Kepha ngenxa yokuthi amangqamuzana awazange ashintshe usayizi wawo, amagama abe engafundeki, ngoba awahambelani ngokuqondile ezintweni ezifakiwe zeshidi. Ukushintsha lesi simo sezinto, phinda ukhethe okuqukethwe kweheda. Chofoza isithonjana "Ifomathi"etholakala ebhlokini "Amaseli". Kuluhlu siyamisa ekukhetheni "I-Auto Fit Row Height".



8. Ngemuva kwesenzo esichaziwe, amagama wekholomu ngokuphakama angena emingceleni yeseli, kepha amaseli awahlanganisi ngobubanzi. Khetha uhla lwekhanda lesikhathi futhi bese uchofoza inkinobho. "Ifomathi". Manje khetha inketho ohlwini. Auto Fit Ikholomu Ububanzi.



9. Manje itafula selibe yinkimbinkimbi, futhi izinto zegridi zithathe isimo sikwele.

Isigaba 3: idatha yokugcwalisa

Okulandelayo, udinga ukugcwalisa itafula nedatha.

1. Buyela emuva ekuqaleni kwetafula bese ugcwalisa ikholomu "Igama lomcimbi" amagama emisebenzi ehlelelwe ukwenziwa ngenkathi kwenziwa iphrojekthi. Futhi kwikholamu elandelayo sethula amagama abantu abaphethe abazobhekana nomsebenzi wokwenza umcimbi othile.



2. Ngemuva kwaloko, gcwalisa ikholamu "Cha.". Uma kunemicimbi embalwa, khona-ke lokhu kungenziwa ngokushayela ngesandla ezinambeni. Kepha uma uhlela ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi, kuzoba kunengqondo ngokwengeziwe ukusebenzisa indlela yokuqedela ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, beka inombolo entweni yokuqala yekholamu "1". Siqondisa isikhombisi emaphethelweni aphansi kwesokudla sento, silinde umzuzwana lapho iguqulwa isiphambano. Bamba ukhiye ngasikhathi sinye Ctrl nenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele, donsela isiphambano phansi ezansi kwetafula.



3. Ikholomu yonke izogcwaliswa ngamanani ngokulandelana.



4. Okulandelayo, iya kwikholamu "Usuku lokuqala". Lapha kufanele ubonise usuku lokuqala komcimbi ngamunye. Siyakwenza. Kwikholamu "Isikhathi ngezinsuku" khombisa inani lezinsuku ezizosetshenziswa ukuxazulula le nkinga.



5. Kwikholamu "Amanothi" Ungagcwalisa imininingwane njengoba kunesidingo, ukhombisa izici zomsebenzi othile. Ukufaka imininingwane kule kholamu akudingekile kuyo yonke imicimbi.



6. Bese ukhetha wonke amaseli asetafuleni lethu, ngaphandle kwenhloko nogridi ngezinsuku. Chofoza isithonjana "Ifomathi" kutheniphu ebikade sibhekisa kuyo ngaphambili, chofoza ohlwini oluvuliwe ngesikhundla Auto Fit Ikholomu Ububanzi.



7. Ngemuva kwalokho, ububanzi bamakholomu wezinto ezikhethiwe buncishiswa ngosayizi weseli, lapho ubude bedatha bukhulu khona buqhathaniswa nezinye izinto zekholomu. Lokhu kugcina isikhala eshidini. Ngasikhathi sinye, enhlokweni yetafula, amagama adluliswa ngokusho kwamagama kulezo zingxenye zeshidi lapho zingalingani ububanzi. Kwavela ukuthi kungenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngaphambili sishaye inketho ngefomethi yamaseli wekhanda Ukugoqwa Kwamagama.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukufomatha okunemigomo

Esigabeni esilandelayo sokusebenza nenethiwekhi, kufanele sigcwalise umbala ngalawo maseli wegridi ahambelana nesikhathi sesehlakalo esithile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokufomatha okunemibandela.

1. Simaka lonke uhlu lwamaseli angenalutho emugqeni wesikhathi, owethulwe ngendlela yegridi yezinto ezimise okwele.



2. Chofoza isithonjana Ukufomatha okunemibandela. Itholakala ebhlokini Izitayela Ngemuva kwalokho kuzovuleka uhlu. Kufanele ukhethe inketho Dala Ukubusa.



3. Iwindows liqala lapho ufuna ukudala umthetho. Emkhakheni wokukhetha uhlobo lomthetho, simaka into esisho ukusetshenziswa kwefomula ukukhombisa izinto ezifomethwe. Ensimini "Amanani wefomethi" sidinga ukusetha umthetho wokukhetha, owethulwe ngesimo sefomula. Ngokwesimo sethu esithile, kuzoba nefomu elilandelayo:

   = KANYE (G $ 1> = $ D2; G $ 1 <= ($ D2 + $ E2-1)

   Kepha ukuze ukwazi ukuguqula le formula yenethiwekhi yakho, okungenzeka, izoba nezinye izixhumanisi, sidinga ukukhipha ifomula erekhodiwe.

   "Futhi" kungumsebenzi owakhelwe ngaphakathi we-Excel obheka ukuthi ngabe wonke amanani afakiwe njengezimpikiswano zawo ayiqiniso. I-syntax imi kanje:

   = FUTHI (boolean1; boolean2; ...)

   Sekukonke, amanani afinyelela ku-255 asetshenziswa njengezimpikiswano, kepha sidinga amabili kuphela.

   Ukuphikisana kokuqala kubhalwe njengokubonisa "G $ 1> = $ D2". Ibheka ukuthi inani kumugqa wesikhathi likhulu kunelithi noma lilingana nenani elihambisanayo losuku lokuqala lomcimbi othize. Ngokuvumelana nalokho, isixhumanisi sokuqala kule nkulumo sibhekisela kwiseli yokuqala yomugqa kuhlu lwesikhathi, bese esesibili sibhekisela entweni yokuqala yekholamu yosuku lokuqala komcimbi. Isiginali yedola ($) isethwe ngokuqondile ukuze izixhumanisi zefomula enophawu olunikeziwe zingashintshi, kepha zihlale zingenaphutha. Futhi wena ngecala lakho kufanele ubeke izimpawu zamadola ezindaweni ezifanele.

   Ingxabano yesibili imelwe yinkulumo "G $ 1 <= ($ D2 + $ E2-1)". Ihlola ukubona inkomba emugqeni wesikhathi (G $ 1) yayingaphansi noma ilingana nosuku lokuqedwa kweprojekthi ($ D2 + $ E2-1) Inkomba esezingeni lesikhathi ibalwa, njengakwesisho esedlule, futhi usuku lokuqedwa kweprojekthi lubalwa ngokungeza idethi yokuqala yephrojekthi ($ D2) nesikhathi sayo ngezinsuku ($ E2) Ukuze ufake usuku lokuqala lwephrojekthi ngenani lezinsuku, iyunithi likhishwe kuleli nani. Isiginali yedola lidlala indima efanayo nasesenzweni esedlule.

   Uma zombili izimpikiswano zefomula eyethulwe iyiqiniso, ukufakwa kombandela okunemibandela ngohlobo lokugcwaliswa kwabo ngombala kuzosetshenziswa kumaseli.

   Ukukhetha umbala wokugcwalisa othize, chofoza inkinobho "Ifomathi ...".



4. Ewindini elisha, dlulela esigabeni "Gcwalisa". Eqenjini Imibala yangemuva kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokufikisa. Simaka umbala esifuna ukuthi amaseli wezinsuku ahambisane nesikhathi somsebenzi esithileko avelele. Isibonelo, khetha okuluhlaza. Ngemuva komthunzi ubonakaliswa endle Isampulachofoza "Kulungile".



5. Ngemuva kokubuyela ewindini lokudala umthetho, chofoza inkinobho nayo "Kulungile".



6. Ngemuva kwesenzo sokugcina, ukuhlelwa kwegridi yegrafu yenethiwekhi ehambelana nesikhathi sesehlakalo esithile kudwetshwe kuluhlaza.

Kulokhu, ukwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi kungabhekwa njengokuphelele.

Isifundo: Ukufometha okunemibandela eMicrosoft Excel

Ngenqubo, sidale umdwebo wenethiwekhi. Le akuyona ukuphela kwethebula elinjalo elingakhiwa e-Excel, kepha imigomo eyisisekelo yokwenza lo msebenzi ihlala ingashintshiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma kufiswa, umsebenzisi ngamunye angathuthukisa itafula elivezwe esibonelweni ukuze lihambisane nezidingo zabo ezithile.