IMicrosoft Excel macros ingasheshisa kakhulu ukusebenza ngamadokhumenti kulesi sihleli se-spreadsheet. Lokhu kutholakala ngokwenza ngokuzenzakalela ukwenza okuphindaphindwayo okubhalwe kukhodi ekhethekile. Ake sibheke ukuthi angawakha kanjani ama-macros ku-Excel, nokuthi uwahlela kanjani.
Izindlela Zokuqopha zeMacro
I-macro ingabhalwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- ngokuzenzakalelayo;
- ngesandla.
Usebenzisa inketho yokuqala, umane uqophe izinto ezithile kuhlelo lwe-Microsoft Excel olwenza njengamanje. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungadlala lokhu kuqoshwa. Le ndlela ilula kakhulu, futhi ayidingi ulwazi lwekhodi, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekusebenzeni kunqunyelwe.
Ukuqoshwa kwe-macro ngesandla, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kudinga ulwazi lokuhlelwa, ngoba ikhodi ibhalwa ngesandla kukhibhodi. Kodwa, ikhodi ebhalwe kahle ngale ndlela ingasheshisa kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezinqubo.
Ukuqoshwa kwe-Macro okuzenzakalelayo
Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukuqopha i-macro ezenzakalelayo, kufanele unikeze amandla ama-macros ku-Microsoft Excel.
Okulandelayo, iya kuthebhu "Yonjiniyela". Qhafaza inkinobho ethi "Macro Record", ebekwe iribhoni endaweni ethi "Code" block block.
Iwindows setup yokuqopha iyavula. Lapha ungacacisa noma yiliphi igama le-macro uma okwakhona kungahambelani nawe. Into esemqoka ukuthi igama liqala ngohlamvu, hhayi ngenombolo. Futhi, isihloko akufanele sinezikhala. Sishiya igama elizenzakalelayo - "Macro1".
Masinyane, uma ufisa, ungahlela isinqamuleli sekhibhodi, uma uchofoza, i-macro izokwethulwa. Ukhiye wokuqala kufanele ube ukhiye we-Ctrl, futhi umsebenzisi usetha ukhiye wesibili ngokuzimela. Isibonelo, thina, njengesibonelo, sibeka ukhiye uM.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukunquma ukuthi i-macro izogcinwa kuphi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, izogcinwa encwadini efanayo (ifayela), kepha uma ufisa, ungabeka isitoreji encwadini entsha, noma encwadini ehlukile yama-macros. Sizoshiya inani elizenzakalelayo.
Emkhakheni ophansi kakhulu wezilungiselelo ze-macro, ungashiya noma iyiphi incazelo yama-macro afanele umongo. Kepha, lokhu akudingekile.
Lapho wonke amasethingi eseqediwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izenzo zakho kule ncwadi yokusebenzela ye-Excel (ifayela) zizorekhodwa kumakhrojni kuze kube yilapho wena ngokwakho uyeka ukuqopha.
Isibonelo, sibhala isenzo esilula kakhulu se-arithmetic: ukungeza okuqukethwe amaseli amathathu (= C4 + C5 + C6).
Ngemuva kwalokho, chofoza inkinobho "Yeka Ukuqopha". Le nkinobho iguqulwe kwinkinobho ye- "Macro Record", ngemuva kokuqoshwa kwaqalwa.
Macro run
Ukuze ubheke ukuthi i-macro eqoshiwe isebenza kanjani, chofoza inkinobho "Macros" kubha yamathuluzi "Code" efanayo, noma cindezela u-Alt + F8.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iwindi livula ngohlu lwama-macros aqoshiwe. Sifuna iMacro esayiqopha, siyikhethe, bese sichofoza inkinobho ethi "Run".
Ungenza kalula, futhi ungabizi ngisho nawindi lokukhetha we-macro. Siyakhumbula ukuthi siqophe inhlanganisela "yezinkinobho ezishisayo" zokuncenga ama-macro asheshayo. Kithi, le nguCtrl + M. Sithayipha le nhlanganisela kukhibhodi, ngemuva kwalokho i-macro iqala.
Njengoba ubona, i-macro lenze kahle zonke izenzo ezabhalwa phambilini.
Ukuhlelwa kweMacro
Ukuze uhlele i-macro, chofoza inkinobho ethi "Macros". Ewindini elivula, khetha i-macro oyifunayo, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Shintsha".
Ivula iMicrosoft Visual Basic (VBE) - imvelo lapho uhlela khona ama-macros.
Ukuqoshwa kwe-macro ngayinye kuqala nge-Sub command, bese kuphetha ngomyalo we-Sub Sub. Ngokushesha emva komyalo omncane, kukhonjiswa igama lama-macro. U-opharetha "Ububanzi (" ... "). Khetha ukukhetha okukhethiwe kweseli. Isibonelo, ngomyalo "Range (" C4 "). Khetha," iseli C4 likhethiwe. I-opharetha "ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1" isetshenziselwa ukuqopha izenzo kumafomula, nakwezinye izibalo.
Ake sizame ukushintsha i-macro kancane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, engeza inkulumo ku-macro:
Ububanzi ("C3"). Khetha
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "11"
Isisho esithi "ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 =" = R [-3] C + R [-2] C + R [-1] C "sithathelwe indawo yi-" ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "= R [-4] C + R [-3 ] C + R [-2] C + R [-1] C "."
Sivala isihleli, bese sigijimisa i-macro, njengoba bekugcina. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngenxa yezinguquko esizethule, kufakwe enye iseli ledatha. Kwafakwa futhi ekubalweni kwenani eliphelele.
Uma i-macro inkulu kakhulu, kungathatha isikhathi eside ukuyikhipha. Kepha, ngokwenza inguquko ebhukwini, singasheshisa inqubo. Faka umyalo "Isicelo.ScreenUpdating = Amanga". Izokonga amandla wekhompyutha, okusho ukuthi ishesha umsebenzi. Lokhu kutholakala ngokunqaba ukuvuselela isikrini ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwekhompiyutha. Ukuze uqale kabusha ukubuyekeza ngemuva kokukhipha i-macro, ekugcineni sibhala umyalo othi "Isicelo.ScreenUpdating = True"
Faka umyalo "Isicelo.Calculation = xlCalculationManual" ekuqaleni kwekhodi, futhi ekugcineni kwekhodi sifaka "Isicelo.Calculation = xlCalculationAutomatic". Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kwe-macro, sicisha ukubala okuzenzakalelayo komphumela ngemuva kokuguqulwa kweseli ngalinye, kuthi ekugcineni kwe-macro, kuvule. Ngakho-ke, i-Excel izobala umphumela kanye kuphela, futhi ngeke ibuye futhi ilandise, okuzonga isikhathi.
Ukubhala ikhodi enkulu kusuka ekuqaleni
Abasebenzisi abathuthukile abakwazi ukuhlela kuphela nokwenza ama-macro aqoshiwe kuphela, kepha futhi babhale ikhodi enkulu kakhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukuze uqale lokhu, kufanele uchofoze inkinobho ethi "Visual Basic", ebekwe ekuqaleni kbambo lonjiniyela.
Ngemuva kwalokho, iwindi lomhleli we-VBE elijwayelekile liyavuleka.
Umethuli ubhala ikhodi enkulu lapho.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ama-macros akwiMicrosoft Excel angasheshisa kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile nezinyunifomu. Kepha, ezimweni eziningi, ama-macros anekhodi ebhaliwe ngesandla kunokuba abhalwe ngokuzenzakalela afaneleke kulokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhodi ye-macro enkulukazi ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa umhleli we-VBE ukusheshisa umsebenzi.
