Iphutha elijwayelekile noma, njengoba livame ukubizwa ngokuthi, iphutha le-arithmetic, lingenye yezinkomba ezibalo ezibalulekile. Usebenzisa le nkomba, unganquma i-heterogeneity yesampula. Kubalulekile futhi ekubikezeleni isibikezelo. Ake sibheke ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ongabala ngazo iphutha elijwayelekile usebenzisa amathuluzi e-Microsoft Excel.
Ukubala kwe-arithmetic kusho iphutha
Enye yezinkomba ezibonisa ubuqotho nokufana kwesampula yiphutha elijwayelekile. Leli nani limelela impande yesikwele yokuhluka. Ukuhlakazeka uqobo kuyisikwele esichazayo sencazelo ye-arithmetic. Isilinganiso se-arithmetic sibalwa ngokuhlukanisa inani eliphelele lezinto zesampula ngenombolo yazo yonke.
Ku-Excel kunezindlela ezimbili zokubala iphutha elijwayelekile: usebenzisa iqoqo lemisebenzi futhi usebenzisa amathuluzi wokuhlaziya wephakethe. Ake sihlolisise ngayinye yalezi zinketho.
Indlela yoku-1: ukubala kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yemisebenzi
Okokuqala, ake sidwebe i-algorithm yezenzo ngesibonelo esithile sokubala iphutha le-arithmetic sisebenzisa inhlanganisela yemisebenzi yalezi zinhloso. Ukuqedela umsebenzi, sidinga opharetha STANDOTLON.V, INDLALO futhi I-ACCOUNT.
Isibonelo, sizosebenzisa isampula yezinombolo eziyishumi nambili ezethulwe etafuleni.
- Khetha iseli lapho kuzokhonjiswa khona inani eliphelele lephutha elijwayelekile, bese uqhafaza kusithonjana "Faka umsebenzi".
- Iyavula Isici Wizard. Siqhubekela ebhlokini "Izibalo". Uhlu olwethuliwe lwezinto, khetha igama STANDOTKLON.V.
- Iwindi lokuphikisana lesitatimende esingenhla liyaqala. STANDOTLON.V Idizayinelwe ukulinganisa ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesampula. Lesi sitatimende sine-syntax elandelayo:
= STD. B (inombolo1; inombolo2; ...)"Inombolo1" futhi izimpikiswano ezilandelayo ziyizinombolo zezinombolo noma izinkomba kumaseli nobubanzi bephepha lapho zitholakala khona. Sekukonke, kungaba nokuphikisana okungafika ku-255 kwalolu hlobo. Kudingeka impikiswano yokuqala kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, setha ikhesa enkundleni "Inombolo1". Okulandelayo, qiniseka ukubamba inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele, khetha lonke uhla lokukhetha kushidi nesikhombisi. Ukuxhumanisa kwalesi sihlakala kukhonjiswa ngokushesha enkanjini yewindi. Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Umphumela wesibalo so opharetha uboniswa kuseli eshidini. STANDOTLON.V. Kepha lokhu akulona iphutha lesibalo. Ukuze uthole inani olifunayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ukuphambuka okujwayelekile ngompande wesikwele wenombolo yezinto zesampula. Ukuze uqhubeke ngokubala, khetha iseli eliqukethe umsebenzi STANDOTLON.V. Ngemuva kwalokho, beka ikhesa kumugqa wamafomula bese wengeza uphawu lokuhlukanisa ngemuva kwenkulumo esele ikhona (/) Ngemuva kwalokhu, sichofoza isithonjana sikunxantathu saphenduka sibheke phansi, esise kwesokunxele komugqa wefomula. Uhlu lwezimpawu ezisanda kusetyenziswa. Uma uthola igama le-opharetha kulo INDLALO, bese uya kuleli gama. Ngaphandle kwalokho, chofoza entweni "Ezinye izinto ...".
- Qala futhi Umsebenzi Wizards. Manje kufanele sivakashele isigaba "Izibalo". Uhlu olwethuliwe, qokomisa igama INDLALO bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lokuphikisana ngomsebenzi liyavula INDLALO. Umsebenzi kuphela wale opharetha ukubala impande yesikwele yenombolo enikeziwe. I-syntax yayo ilula kakhulu:
= I-ROOT (inombolo)Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, umsebenzi unengxabano eyodwa kuphela "Inombolo". Ingamelelwa ngenani lezinombolo, ireferensi yeseli okulo, noma omunye umsebenzi obala le nombolo. Inketho yokugcina izokwethulwa esibonelweni sethu.
Setha isikhombisi esigangeni "Inombolo" bese uchofoza unxantathu esimaziyo, oletha uhlu lwemisebenzi esetshenziswa kakhulu muva nje. Sifuna igama kulo "I-ACCOUNT". Uma sithola, chofoza kukho. Ngokwesimo esiphikisayo, futhi, iya egameni "Ezinye izinto ...".
- Ewindows popup Umsebenzi Wizards hambisa eqenjini "Izibalo". Lapho, siqokomisa igama "I-ACCOUNT" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Iwindi lokuphikisana ngomsebenzi liyaqala I-ACCOUNT. U-opharetha ochaziwe wenzelwe ukubala inani lamaseli agcwele amanani amanani. Kithi, kuzobalwa inani lezinto eziyisampula bese kubikwa umphumela ku-opharetha "womzali" INDLALO. I-syntax yomsebenzi isebenza kanje:
= COUNT (inani1; inani2; ...)Njengokuphikisana "Inani", ezingaba zingcezu ezingama-255, izixhumanisi zamabanga weseli. Faka ikhesa endle "Inani1", bamba phansi inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele bese ukhetha lonke uhla lokukhetha. Ngemuva kokuthi izixhumanisi zayo zikhonjiswe endle, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ngemuva kokwenza isenzo sokugcina, ngeke kubalwe inani lamaseli agcwele izinombolo kuphela, kodwa futhi kuzobalwa nephutha le-arithmetic, ngoba lesi kwaba yisiteleka sokugcina emsebenzini kule formula. Inani lephutha elijwayelekile liboniswa kuseli lapho ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi itholakala khona, ukubukwa okujwayelekile okuvela kithi okulandelayo:
= STD. B (B2: B13) / ROOT (ACCOUNT (B2: B13))Umphumela wokubala iphutha le-arithmetic was kwaba 0,505793. Masikhumbule le nombolo futhi siyiqhathanise nalokho esikutholayo lapho sixazulula inkinga ngale ndlela elandelayo.
Kepha iqiniso ukuthi ukuthola amasampula amancane (amayunithi angama-30) ngokunemba okukhulu kungcono ukusebenzisa ifomula elishintshiwe. Kuwo, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile akuhlukaniswa impande yesikwele yenani lezinto zesampula, kepha ngompande wesikwele wenombolo yezinto ezikhona eziyisampula. Ngakho-ke, ngokubheka ama-nuances wesampula elincane, ifomula lethu lizothatha indlela elandelayo:
= STD. B (B2: B13) / ROOT (ACCOUNT (B2: B13) -1)
Isifundo: Imisebenzi Yezibalo ku-Excel
Indlela yesi-2: Sebenzisa ithuluzi elichazayo lezibalo
Inketho yesibili, ongabala ngayo iphutha elijwayelekile ku-Excel, ukusebenzisa ithuluzi Izibalo ezichazayokufakwe ebhokisini lamathuluzi "Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha" (Iphakheji Yokuhlaziya). Izibalo ezichazayo yenza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesampula ngokuya ngezinqubo ezahlukahlukene. Enye yazo ukuthola iphutha le-arithmetic mean.
Kepha ukusebenzisa leli thuba, kufanele usebenze ngokushesha Iphakheji Yokuhlaziya, ngoba ikhutshaziwe ngokuzenzakalela ku-Excel.
- Ngemuva kokuthi idokhumenti enokhethiwe ivuliwe, iya kuthebhu Ifayela.
- Okulandelayo, sisebenzisa imenyu yokuma mpo kwesobunxele, sidlulela entweni yayo kusigaba "Izinketho".
- Iwindows ongakhetha i-Excel iyaqala. Engxenyeni engakwesobunxele yale windi kunemenyu esidlula ngayo isigatshana "Okengezwayo".
- Ngezansi kwewindi okuvelayo kunensimu "Abaphathi". Setha ipharamitha kuyo Kengeza i-Excel bese uchofoza inkinobho "Hambani ..." ngakwesokunene sakhe.
- Iwindi lokungezwa liqala ngohlu lwemibhalo etholakalayo. Simakisha igama Iphakheji Yokuhlaziya bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ohlangothini lwesokunene lwewindi.
- Ngemuva kokuthi isenzo sokugcina sesiphothuliwe, kuzovela iqembu elisha lamathuluzi kubambo, olunalo igama "Ukuhlaziywa". Ukuze uye kulo, chofoza igama lethebhu "Idatha".
- Ngemuva koguquko, chofoza inkinobho "Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha" ebhokisini lamathuluzi "Ukuhlaziywa"esisemaphethelweni wetheyipu.
- Iwindi lokukhetha lethuluzi lokuhlaziya liqala. Khetha igama Izibalo ezichazayo bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ngakwesokudla.
- Iwindi lezilungiselelo lethuluzi elihlangene lokuhlaziya izibalo liqala Izibalo ezichazayo.
Ensimini Isikhawu sokufaka kufanele uchaze ububanzi bamaseli etafula lapho isampula elihlaziyiwe litholakala khona. Ngokwami ukwenza lokhu kuyinkinga, yize kungenzeka, ngakho-ke sibeka isikhombisi enkombeni echaziwe futhi, ngenkathi sibambe inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele, khetha uhlu oluhambisanayo ledatha eshidini. Izixhumanisi zayo zizokhonjiswa ngokushesha enkanjini yewindi.
Ebhlokini "Ukuhlanganisa amaqembu" shiya izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo. Okusho ukuthi, ukushintshwa kufanele kusondele entweni Ikholomu ngekholamu. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, khona-ke kufanele kuhlelwe kabusha.
Inkomba "Amathegi kulayini wokuqala" ayikwazi ukufaka. Ukuxazulula inkinga yethu, lokhu akubalulekile.
Okulandelayo, iya kwibhulokhi yezilungiselelo. Izinketho zokukhipha. Lapha kufanele ukhombise ukuthi uzoba uboniswe kuphi ngqo umphumela wokubala kwensimbi. Izibalo ezichazayo:
- Eshidi elisha;
- Encwadini entsha (elinye ifayela);
- Kuluhlu olubekiwe lweshidi lamanje.
Ake ukhethe okokugcina kulezi zinketho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, shintshela esimeni sokushintsha "Isikhashana sokuphumayo" bese usetha isikhombisi esigangeni esiphambene nale pharamitha. Ngemuva kwalokho, sichofoza eshidi ngeseli, elizoba yinto ephezulu kwesokunxele yohlu lokukhishwa kwedatha. Ukuxhumanisa kwayo kufanele kuboniswe emkhakheni lapho sibeke khona khona isikhombisi.
Okulandelayo ibhulokhi yezilungiselelo enquma ukuthi iyiphi idatha edinga ukufakwa:
- Izibalo ezifingqiwe;
- Yini enkulu kunazo zonke;
- Yikuphi okuncane;
- Izinga lokuthembela.
Ukunquma iphutha elijwayelekile, kufanele uhlole ibhokisi eliseduze kwepharamitha "Izibalo ezifingqiwe". Phikisana nezinye izinto, hlola amabhokisi ngokubona kwethu. Lokhu ngeke kuthinte isixazululo somsebenzi wethu omkhulu.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izilungiselelo ezisewindini Izibalo ezichazayo ifakiwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile" ohlangothini lwayo lwesokunene.
- Ngemuva kwaleli thuluzi Izibalo ezichazayo ibonisa imiphumela yokucubungula ukukhetha ephepheni lamanje. Njengoba ubona, lezi yizinkomba eziningi zezibalo ezahlukahlukene, kepha phakathi kwazo kukhona esikudingayo - "Iphutha elijwayelekile". Ilingana nenombolo 0,505793. Nguwo kanye lo mphumela ofanayo esiwutholile ngokusebenzisa ifomula eyinkimbinkimbi encazelweni yendlela edlule.
Isifundo: Izibalo ezichazayo ku-Excel
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ku-Excel ungabala iphutha elijwayelekile ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokusebenzisa iqoqo lemisebenzi futhi usebenzisa ithuluzi lokuhlaziya iphakheji Izibalo ezichazayo. Umphumela wokugcina uzofana ncamashi. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwendlela kuncike kubulula bomsebenzisi nomsebenzi othize. Isibonelo, uma iphutha le-arithmetic mean lingenye kuphela kwezinkomba eziningi zezibalo zesampula ezidinga ukubalwa, khona-ke kulula kakhulu ukusebenzisa ithuluzi Izibalo ezichazayo. Kepha uma udinga ukubala kuphela le nkomba, khona-ke ukuze uvikele inqwaba yemininingwane engadingekile, kungcono ukubuyela kwifomula eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulokhu, umphumela wokubala uzolingana esitokisini esisodwa sephepha.
