Ukuthuthukela ku-Debian 8 kuya ku-Version 9

Le ndatshana izoqukatha umhlahlandlela ongathuthukisa ngawo uDebor 8 ku-9. Izokwehlukaniswa ngamaphuzu amakhulu ambalwa okufanele yenziwe ngokulandelana. Futhi, ukuze kube lula kuwe, uzokwethulwa nemiyalo eyisisekelo yokwenza zonke izenzo ezichaziwe. Qaphela.

Imiyalo Yokuthuthukela ye-Debian OS

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuvuselelwa kwesistimu, ukuqaphela akusoze kube ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yokuthi phakathi nalesi sisebenzi amafayela amaningi abalulekile angaqedwa ediskini, kufanele wazi ngezenzo zakho. Esimweni esihle kunazo zonke, umsebenzisi ongenalwazi ongabaza amandla akhe kufanele ahlole izisusa nokubi, esimweni esibi kakhulu - kubalulekile ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo echazwe ngezansi.

Isinyathelo 1: Ukuqapha

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kufanele uqaphele lapho uxhasa wonke amafayela abalulekile nemininingwane, uma uwasebenzisa, ngoba uma wehluleka ngeke ukwazi ukuwavuselela.

Isizathu salokhu kuqikelela ukuthi i-Debian9 isebenzisa uhlelo lwe-database oluhluke ngokuphelele. I-MySQL, efakwe ku-Debian 8 OS, alas, ayihambisani nemininingwane yedatha kaMariaDB eDebian 9, ngakho-ke uma isibuyekezo sehluleka, wonke amafayela azolahleka.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi uhlobo lwe-OS olusebenzisayo njengamanje. Sine imiyalo enemininingwane esizeni.

Okuningi: Ungayithola kanjani inguqulo yokusatshalaliswa kweLinux

Isinyathelo 2: Ukulungiselela ukuthuthukiswa

Ukuze konke kuphumelele, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ufinyelela kuzo zonke izibuyekezo zakamuva zohlelo lwakho lokusebenza. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokwenza le miyalo emithathu uyilandelise:

ukuvuselelwa kwesudo
thuthukisa
sudo apt-uthole dist-thuthukisa

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ikhompyutha yakho ine-software evela eceleni engafakwanga kunoma yimaphi amaphakheji noma engezwe ohlelweni kusuka kwezinye izinsiza, lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ithuba lokusebenzisa amaphutha inqubo yokuvuselela. Zonke lezi zicelo ezenziwa ekhompyutheni zingalandelelwa ngalo myalo:

ukusesha okulungile '~ o'

Kufanele uwasuse wonke, bese-ke, usebenzisa umyalo ongezansi, uhlole ukuthi ngabe wonke amaphakheji efakwe kahle yini futhi uma kunezinkinga kuhlelo:

dpkg -C

Uma ngemuva kokukhipha umyalo ku "Isiginali" akukho lutho olukhonjisiwe, khona-ke akukho amaphutha abucayi kumaphakeji afakiwe. Esimweni lapho izinkinga zitholakale kuhlelo, kufanele zisuswe, bese ziqala kabusha ikhompyutha zisebenzisa umyalo:

qalisa phansi

Isinyathelo 3: Ukusetha

Le ncwajana izolichaza kuphela ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesistimu, okusho ukuthi kufanele uzibeke mathupha wonke amaphakethe wedatha atholakalayo. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuvula ifayela elilandelayo:

sudo vi /etc/apt/source.list

Qaphela: kuleli cala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-vi kuzosetshenziselwa ukuvula ifayela, okuyi -hleli yomhleli efakwe kokuhanjiswa kweLinux ngokuzenzakalelayo. Ayinayo isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, ngakho-ke kuzoba nzima kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ukuhlela ifayela. Ungasebenzisa esinye isihleli, ngokwesibonelo, i-GEdit. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukufaka esikhundleni umyalo "vi" nge "gedit".

Kwifayela elivula, uzodinga ukuguqula wonke amagama "UJessie" (codename Debian8) ku "Thambisa" (codename Debian9). Ngenxa yalokhu, kufanele kubukeke kanjena:

vi /etc/apt/source.list
deb //httpredir.debian.org/debian welula igalelo elikhulu
deb //security.debian.org/ welula / izibuyekezo ezinkulu

Qaphela: inqubo yokuhlela ingenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa isisetshenziswa se-SED elula nokwenza umyalo ongezansi.

sed -i / s / jessie / elula / g '/etc/apt/source.list

Ngemuva kwakho konke ukukhohlisa okwenziwe, ngesibindi qala ukubuyekeza ama-repositories ngokwenza "Isiginali" umyalo:

ukuvuselela i-apt

Isibonelo:

Isinyathelo 4: Ukufaka

Ukufaka ngempumelelo i-OS entsha, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi unesikhala esanele ku-hard drive. Qalisa lo myalo ekuqaleni:

apt -o APT :: Thola :: Trivial-Only = Thuthukisa i-dist-real

Isibonelo:

Okulandelayo, udinga ukubheka ifolda yezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umyalo:

df -H

Ithiphu: ukuze uqaphele ngokushesha isiqondisi sezimpande sohlelo olufakiwe kusuka kuhlu oluvele, unake ikholomu 'Ungene ku (1). Thola umugqa onophawu kuwo “/” (2) - lokhu kuyimpande yohlelo. Kuhlala kuphela ukubheka okuncane ngakwesokunxele komugqa kukholamu "Ulahlekile" (3), lapho kukhonjiswa khona isikhala sediski samahhala.

Futhi kuphela ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kulungiselela ongaqala ukubuyekeza wonke amafayela. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokwenza imiyalo elandelayo elandelayo:

thuthukisa i-apt
ukuthuthukiswa kwe-apt dist

Ngemuva kokulinda isikhathi eside, inqubo izophela futhi ungaqala kabusha uhlelo ngokuphepha ngomyalo owaziwayo:

qalisa phansi

Isinyathelo 5: Ukuqinisekiswa

Manje uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lwe-Debian luvuselelwe ngempumelelo kunguqulo entsha, kepha-ke, uma kwenzeka, kukhona izinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzihlole ukuze uzole:

1. Uhlobo lukaKernel usebenzisa umyalo:

   hlanganisa -mrs

   Isibonelo:

   

2. Uhlobo lokusatshalaliswa kusetshenziswa umyalo:

   lsb_release -a

   Isibonelo:

   

3. Ukuba khona kwamaphakeji aphelelwe yisikhathi ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

   ukusesha okulungile '~ o'

Uma izinguqulo ze-kernel nezokusabalalisa zihambelana ne-Debian 9, futhi kungatholakali amaphakheji aphelelwe yisikhathi, lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwesistimu kube yimpumelelo.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa i-Debian 8 kuya engu-9 kuyisinqumo esingathi sína, kepha ukuqaliswa kwaso ngempumelelo kuncike ekulandeleni yonke imiyalo engenhla. Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukudonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi inqubo yokuvuselela yinde impela, ngenxa yokuthi inani elikhulu lamafayela lizolandwa kunethiwekhi, noma kunjalo, le nqubo ayinakuphazamiseka, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lokusebenza ngeke kwenzeke.