Kulezi zinsuku, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza aluthathwa njengoluphelele uma lungenayo imodi yabasebenzisi abaningi. Ngakho-ke eLinux. Phambilini, kwi-OS, kwakukhona amafulegi amathathu kuphela ayinhloko alawula amalungelo okufinyelela omsebenzisi ngamunye, lezi ziyafunda, zibhale futhi zikhipha ngqo. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwesikhashana, abathuthukisi babona ukuthi lokhu akwanele futhi bakha amaqembu akhethekile abasebenzisi baka-OS. Ngosizo lwabo, abantu abaningana bayakwazi ukuthola ithuba lokusebenzisa insiza efanayo.
Izindlela zokwengeza abasebenzisi emaqenjini
Nakanjani noma yimuphi umsebenzisi angakhetha iqembu eliyinhloko, elizoba yiqembu eliyinhloko, futhi eliseceleni, elijoyinile ngokuthanda kwalo. Kuhle ukuchaza le miqondo emibili:
- Iqembu eliphambili (eliyinhloko) lakhiwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokubhalisa ku-OS. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo. Umsebenzisi unelungelo lokuba seqenjini elilodwa eliyinhloko, igama elivame ukunikezwa ngokusho kwegama lomsebenzisi elifakiwe.
- Amaqembu ayazikhethela, futhi angaguquka ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Noma kunjalo, ungakhohlwa ukuthi inani lamaqembu asemaceleni alinganiselwe futhi alikwazi ukudlula ku-32.
Manje ake sibheke ukuthi ungaxhumana kanjani namaqembu abasebenzisi ekuhanjisweni kweLinux.
Indlela yoku-1: Izinhlelo ze-GUI
Ngeshwa, alukho uhlelo lokugcina ku-Linux olunomsebenzi wokwengeza amaqembu abasebenzisi abasha. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlelo oluhlukile lusetshenziselwa kwigobolondo ngalinye lesithombe.
I-KUser ye-KDE
Ukwengeza abasebenzisi abasha eqenjini ekusakazweni kweLinux ngegobolondo lesithombe sedeskithophu ye-KDE, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lweKuser, olungafakwa kukhompyutha ngokubhalela "Isiginali" umyalo:
sudo apt-get ukufaka kuser
ngokucindezela Ngena.
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lune-interface yakudala, elula ukusebenza nalo. Ukwengeza umsebenzisi eqenjini, kufanele uqale uchofoze igama lakhe kabili, bese, ewindini elivelayo, uye kuthebhu "Amaqembu" bese ubheka amabhokisi ofuna ukufaka kuwo umsebenzisi okhethiwe.
Umphathi Womsebenzisi we-Gnome 3
Kepha i-Gnome, ukuphathwa kweqembu akukho okuhlukile. Udinga nje ukufaka uhlelo olufanele, olufana nolwedlule. Ake sibheke isibonelo sokuhanjiswa kweCSOS.
Ukufaka Umphathi Womsebenzisi, udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo:
sudo yum ukufaka abasebenzisi bohlelo
Ukuvula iwindi lohlelo, uzobona:
Ukuze uqhubeke nomsebenzi, chofoza kabili igama lomsebenzisi bese uphendukela kuthebhu ebizwa ngokuthi "Amaqembu"lokho kuvula ewindini elisha. Kulesi sigaba ungawakhetha ngqo lawo maqembu owathandayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubheka amabhokisi okuphambene nalawo owathandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakhetha noma ungashintsha iqembu eliyinhloko:
Abasebenzisi Namaqembu Ubumbano
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezingenhla kwehlukile. Kodwa-ke, kwegobolondo le-Unity graphical, elisetshenziselwa ukusatshalaliswa Ubuntu futhi ukuthuthuka kokuphathelene kwabadali, ukuphathwa kweqembu labasebenzisi kuyahluka kancane. Kepha konke ngokuhlelekile.
Okokuqala faka uhlelo oludingekayo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngemuva kokwenza umyalo olandelayo "Isiginali":
sudo apt ukufaka gnome-system-amathuluzi
Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukwengeza noma ukususa elinye lamaqembu noma umsebenzisi okhona, iya kumenyu enkulu bese ucindezela inkinobho Ukuphathwa Kweqembu (1). Ngemuva kwalokho okwenziwe, kuzovela iwindi phambi kwakho Izinketho zeqembu, lapho ungabona khona uhlu lwawo wonke amaqembu atholakala kuhlelo:
Kusetshenziswa inkinobho "Izakhiwo" (2) ungalikhetha kalula iqembu lakho olithandayo bese ufaka abasebenzisi kukho ngokumane ubathikhe.
Indlela 2: Isiginali
Ukwengeza abasebenzisi abasha ezinhlelweni ezenzelwe i-Linux, ochwepheshe batusa ukusebenzisa i-ukuphela, ngoba le ndlela inikeza ezinye izinketho. Ngale njongo umyalo usetshenzisiwe.usermod- Kuzokuvumela ukuthi ushintshe nemingcele ngendlela oyithandayo. Phakathi kokunye, inzuzo yemvelo yokusebenza nayo "Isiginali" kungukugcina kwayo - imiyalo ijwayelekile kukho konke ukusatshalaliswa.
I-Syntax
I-syntax yomyalo ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ifaka izici ezintathu:
izinketho ze-usermod syntax
Izinketho
Manje kuzokhethwa kuphela izinketho eziyisisekelo zomyalo.usermodokuvumela ukuthi ungeze abasebenzisi abasha emaqenjini. Nalu uhlu lwabo:
- -g - ikuvumela ukusetha iqembu eliyinhloko lomsebenzisi, noma kunjalo, iqembu elinjalo kufanele ukuthi selivele likhona, futhi wonke amafayela kusikhombisi sasekhaya ngokuzenzakalelayo aya kuleli qembu.
- -G - amaqembu akhethekile akhethekile;
- -a - ikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe umsebenzisi eqenjini lokukhetha -G futhi uyingeze kwamanye amaqembu akhethiwe ngaphandle kokushintsha inani lamanje;
Kuliqiniso, inani eliphelele lezinketho likhulu kakhulu, kepha sicabangela kuphela lezo ezingase zidingeke ukuqeda umsebenzi.
Izibonelo
Manje ake siqhubeke sizijwayeze futhi sicabangele ukusebenzisa umyalo njengesibonelousermod. Isibonelo, udinga ukwengeza abasebenzisi abasha eqenjini i-sudo linux, lapho kuzobe sekwanele ukuqhuba umyalo olandelayo "Isiginali":
umsebenzisi we-sudo usermod -a -G wesondo
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi uma ukhipha inketho ku-syntax a futhi uhambe kuphela -G, lapho-ke ukusebenza kuzowachitha wonke lawo maqembu owadalile ekuqaleni, futhi lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni ebulalayo.
Cabanga ngesibonelo esilula. Usule iqembu lakho eselikhona isondoengeza umsebenzisi eqenjini idiskinoma kunjalo, ngemuva kwalokhu uzodinga ukusetha kabusha iphasiwedi futhi ngeke usakwazi ukusebenzisa amalungelo owabelwe wona phambilini.
Ukuqinisekisa imininingwane yomsebenzisi, ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
umsebenzisi we-id
Ngemuva kwakho konke okwenziwe, ungabona ukuthi iqembu elingeziwe lingeziwe, futhi wonke amaqembu abekhona ngaphambili ahlala endaweni. Uma kwenzeka uhlela ukungeza amaqembu amaningi ngasikhathi sinye, udinga ukuwahlukanisa ngekhefana kuphela.
ama-diski usermod -a -G amadiski, umsebenzisi we-vboxusers
Ekuqaleni, lapho udala iqembu eliyinhloko lomsebenzisi libizwa ngegama lakhe, noma kunjalo, uma lifisa, ungalishintsha libe kunoma ngubani oyithandayo, ngokwesibonelo, abasebenzisi:
umsebenzisi we-sudo usermod -g
Ngakho-ke, uyabona ukuthi igama leqembu main selishintshile. Izinketho ezifanayo zingasetshenziswa endabeni yokwengeza abasebenzisi abasha eqenjini. i-sudo linuxusebenzisa umyalo olula umsebenzisi.
Isiphetho
Kuzo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, kungagcizelelwa ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwengeza umsebenzisi eqenjini le-Linux, futhi ngayinye inhle ngendlela yayo. Isibonelo, uma ungumsebenzisi ongenalwazi noma ufuna ukusheshe uqede nomsebenzi kalula, lapho-ke inketho enhle kungaba ukusebenzisa izinhlelo ezinesibonisi sokuqhafaza. Uma uthatha isinqumo sokwenza ushintsho olukhulu kumaqembu, khona-ke ngalezi zinhloso kubalulekile ukusebenzisa "Isiginali" neqembuusermod.
