Izinhlobo Zokuxhuma ze-VPN

Kuyenzeka ukuthi i-Intanethi isebenze kwanele ukuxhuma ikhebula lenethiwekhi kwikhompyutha, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kudingeka wenze enye into. Ukuxhumana kwe-PPPoE, L2TP, ne-PPTP kusasebenza. Imvamisa, umhlinzeki we-Intanethi uhlinzeka ngemiyalo yokusetha amamodeli athile wama-routers, kepha uma uqonda umgomo walokho okudinga ukukusetha, kungenziwa cishe kunoma iyiphi i-router.

Ukusethwa kwe-PPPoE

I-PPPoE ingenye yezinhlobo zokuxhuma kwi-Intanethi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho usebenza ne-DSL.

1. Isici esihlukile sanoma yikuphi ukuxhumeka kwe-VPN ukusetshenziswa kwe-log kanye ne-password. Amanye amamodeli we-router adinga ukuthi ufake iphasiwedi amahlandla amabili, amanye kanye kuphela. Ngokusetha kokuqala, ungathatha le datha kwisivumelwano nomhlinzeki we-Intanethi.



2. Ngokuya ngezidingo zomhlinzeki, ikheli le-IP le-router lizoba (elihlala njalo) noma elinamandla (lingashintsha isikhathi ngasinye lapho uxhuma kwiseva). Ikheli elinamandla likhishwa umhlinzeki, ngakho-ke akukho lutho elizogcwaliswa lapha.



3. Ikheli le-tuli kumele libhaliswe ngesandla.



4. "Igama le-AC" futhi "Igama Lenkonzo" - Lezi izinketho ezikhethekile ze-PPPoE. Zibonisa igama lehabhu nohlobo lwensizakalo, ngokulandelana. Uma zidinga ukusetshenziswa, umhlinzeki kufanele asho lokhu emiyalweni.
   

   Kwezinye izimo, kuphela "Igama Lenkonzo".
   

5. Isici esilandelayo ilungiselelo lokuxhuma kabusha. Ngokuya ngemodeli ye-router, izinketho ezilandelayo zizotholakala:
   • "Xhuma ngokuzenzakalelayo" - I-router izohlala ixhuma kwi-Intanethi, futhi uma ukuxhumana kunganqamuki, kuzophinda kuxhunywe.
   • "Xhuma kwesidingo" - uma ungasebenzisi i-Intanethi, i-router izonqamula ukuxhumana. Lapho isiphequluli noma olunye uhlelo luzama ukungena kwi-Intanethi, i-router izoxhumeka kabusha.
   • "Xhuma ngokwakho" - Njengasesimweni esedlule, i-router izonqamula uma ungasebenzisi i-Intanethi isikhathi esithile. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lapho uhlelo oluthile lucela ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, i-router ngeke iphinde ixhumane. Ukulungisa lokhu, kufanele ungene kuzilungiselelo ze-router bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "xhuma".
   • "Ukuxhuma Esikhathini ' - lapha ungacacisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kuzosebenza ngasiphi isikhathi.

   

   • Enye inketho kungenzeka "Njalo ku" - Ukuxhumana kuzohlala kusebenza.

   

6. Kwezinye izimo, i-ISP yakho idinga ukuthi ucele iseva yegama lesizinda ("DNS"), eguqula amakheli abhalisiwe amasayithi (ldap-isp.ru) abe yedijithali (10.90.32.64). Uma lokhu kungafuneki, ungayinaka le nto.



7. "MTU" - lokhu inani lemininingwane edlulisiwe ngokusebenza kwedatha yokudlulisa. Ngenjongo yokukhuphula umphumela, ungahlola amanani, kepha kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni. Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki be-Intanethi bakhombisa usayizi we-MTU odingekayo, kepha uma kungenjalo, kungcono ukungathinti ipharamitha.



8. Ikheli le-MAC. Kwenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakuyi-computer kuphela exhunywe kwi-Intanethi futhi izilungiselelo zomhlinzeki zixhunywe ekhelini elithile le-MAC. Njengoba ama-Smartphones kanye namathebulethi sekusabalele, lokhu akuvamile, kodwa kungenzeka. Futhi kulokhu, kungadingeka ukuthi "ushintshe" ikheli le-MAC, okungukuthi, uqiniseke ukuthi i-router inekheli elifanayo nelekhompyutha lapho i-Intanethi yayimiswe khona ekuqaleni.



9. Ukuxhumana Kwesibili noma "Ukuxhumana Kwesibili". Ipharamitha le ijwayelekile "Ukufinyelela Okubabili"/"I-Russia PPPoE". Ngalo, ungaxhuma kwinethiwekhi yendawo yomhlinzeki. Udinga ukuyinika amandla kuphela lapho umhlinzeki encoma ukuthi uyilungiselele "Ukufinyelela Okubabili" noma "I-Russia PPPoE". Ngaphandle kwalokho, kufanele icishwe. Uma ivuliwe IP Dynamic I-ISP izokhipha ikheli ngokuzenzakalelayo.



10. Uma ivuliwe I-Static IP, Ikheli le-IP futhi kwesinye isikhathi imaski izodinga ukubhalisa ngokwakho.

Lungiselela i-L2TP

I-L2TP kungenye inqubo ye-VPN, inika amathuba amahle, ngakho-ke yande kakhulu phakathi kwamamodeli we-router.

1. Ekuqaleni kokucushwa kwe-L2TP, unganquma ukuthi ikheli le-IP kufanele libe yini: elinamandla noma elingama-static. Esimweni sokuqala, akudingeki ukuthi usilungiselele.


Eyesibili - kuyadingeka ukubhalisa hhayi ikheli le-IP uqobo futhi kwesinye isikhathi imaski yalo, kepha futhi nesango - "L2TP Gateway IP-ikheli".


2. Ngemuva kwalokho ungacacisa ikheli leseva - "Ikheli le-IP Server IP-IP". Kungenzeka kwenzeke njengoba "Igama leseva".



3. Njengoba kufanele ukuxhumana kwe-VPN, udinga ukucacisa igama lomsebenzisi noma iphasiwedi, ongayithatha kwinkontileka.



4. Okulandelayo, ukuxhumana kweseva kulungiselelwe, okwenzeka ngisho nangemva kokuxhunyaniswa kunqanyuliwe. Ungacacisa "Njalo ku"ukuze ihlale ivuliwe, noma "Kuyadingeka"ukuze uxhumano lusungulwe ngesidingo.



5. Izilungiselelo ze-DNS kumele zenziwe uma zifunwa ngumhlinzeki.



6. Ipharamitha leMTU ngokuvamile alidingeki ukuthi liguqulwe, ngaphandle kwalokho umhlinzeki we-Intanethi uzokhombisa kwimiyalo ukuthi yiliphi inani lokusetha.



7. Ukucacisa ikheli le-MAC akudingeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi ngamacala akhethekile kunenkinobho "Clone ikheli le-MAC le-PC yakho". Inikeza ikheli le-MAC lekhompyutha lapho ukucushwa kwenziwa khona ku-router.

Ukusethwa kwe-PPTP

I-PPTP inolunye uhlobo lokuxhuma kwe-VPN, ilungiswa ngaphandle ngendlela efanayo ne-L2TP.

1. Ungaqala ukumiswa kwalolu hlobo lokuxhuma ngokuchaza uhlobo lwekheli le-IP. Ikheli elinamandla, akukho okunye okudinga ukulungiswa.


Uma ikheli lingama-static, ngaphezu kokufaka ikheli uqobo, ngesinye isikhathi udinga ukucacisa imaskhi ye-subnet - lokhu kuyadingeka lapho i-router ingakwazi ukuzibala ngokwakho. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvezwa isango - "IPPTP Gateway IP Ikheli".


2. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukucacisa "IPPTP Server IP IP"lapho ukugunyazwa kuzokwenzeka khona.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungacacisa igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi ekhishwe umhlinzeki.



4. Lapho usetha ukuxhumeka kabusha, ungacacisa "Kuyadingeka"ukuze uxhumano lwe-Intanethi lusungulwe ngokufunwa futhi lunqanyulwe uma lungasetshenziswa.



5. Ukusetha amaseva wegama lesizinda kaningi akudingeki, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka kumhlinzeki.



6. Inani MTU kungcono ukungayithinti uma kungenasidingo.



7. Insimu "Ikheli le-MAC"kungenzeka, kufanele ugcwalise, ezimweni ezikhethekile ungasebenzisa inkinobho engezansi ukucacisa ikheli lekhompyutha lapho i-router ilungiselelwe khona.

Isiphetho

Lokhu kuqeda ukubukwa konke kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma kwe-VPN. Yebo, kunezinye izinhlobo, kepha imvamisa zisetshenziswa ezweni elithile, noma zitholakala kuphela kumodeli ethile ye-router.