Ifunda ukudweba kusihleli semifanekiso se-Inkscape

I-Inkscape iyithuluzi elithandwa kakhulu lehluzo le-vector. Umfanekiso okuwo awudonswa ngamaphikseli, kodwa ngosizo lwemigqa ehlukahlukene nobukhulu. Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zale ndlela yikhono lokukala isithombe ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi, okungenakwenzeka ukwenza ngemifanekiso engahlelekile. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela ngamasu ayisisekelo wokusebenza ku-Inkscape. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizohlaziya isikhombimsebenzisi sohlelo lokusebenza bese sinikeza izeluleko ezithile.

Landa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Inkscape

Izisekelo Eziyisisekelo

Lokhu okuqukethwe kuhloselwe abasebenzisi be-novice Inkscape. Ngakho-ke, sizokhuluma kuphela ngamasu ayisisekelo asetshenziswayo lapho usebenza nomhleli. Uma ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili unemibuzo ngamanye, ungawabuza kumazwana.

Isikhombi sohlelo

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukuchaza izici zomhleli, sithanda ukukhuluma kancane ngokuthi isibonisi se-Inkscape sisebenza kanjani. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole amathuluzi athile ngokushesha futhi uzulazule endaweni yokusebenza ngokuzayo. Ngemuva kokuqala, iwindi lomhleli libukeka kanjena.

Sekukonke, izindawo eziyisithupha eziyisithupha zingahlukaniswa:

Imenyu enkulu

Lapha, ngesimo sezinto ezingaphansi kwamamenyu okudonsela phansi, imisebenzi ewusizo kakhulu ongayisebenzisa lapho udala imidwebo iqoqwa. Esikhathini esizayo sizochaza ezinye zazo. Ngingathanda ukuphawula imenyu yokuqala - Ifayela. Yilapho amaqembu athandwayo anjengokuthi "Vula", Gcina, Dala futhi "Phrinta".

Ngalo, umsebenzi uqala ezimeni eziningi. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, lapho i-Inkscape iqala, indawo yokusebenza engamamilimitha angama-210 × 297 (ishidi A4) yakhiwe. Uma kunesidingo, lamapharamitha angaguqulwa ku-subparagraph "Izindawo Zemibhalo". Ngendlela, kulapha ukuthi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho ungashintsha umbala wesizinda se-canvas.

Ngokuchofoza kulayini okhonjisiwe, uzobona iwindi elisha. Kuyo, ungabeka usayizi we-workspace ngokuya ngamazinga ajwayelekile noma ucacisa inani lakho emikhakheni efanele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungashintsha ukuqondiswa kwedokhumenti, ususe umngcele bese usetha umbala wangemuva we-canvas.

Sincoma nokuthi uye kumenyu. Hlela futhi unike amandla ukubonisa kwesiphaneli ngomlando wezenzo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uhlehlise isenzo esisodwa noma eziningi zokugcina nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Iphaneli elicacisiwe lizovula engxenyeni efanele yewindi lomhleli.

Ibha lamathuluzi

Kukule phaneli ukuthi uzohlala ubhekisa lapho udweba. Nazi zonke izibalo nemisebenzi. Ukukhetha into oyifunayo, chofoza isithonjana sayo kanye ngenkinobho yegundane kwesokunxele. Uma uvele ugobe phezu kwesithombe sethuluzi, uzobona iwindi le-pop-up elinegama nencazelo.

Izici zamathuluzi

Usebenzisa leli qembu lezakhi, ungalungisa imingcele yethuluzi elikhethiwe. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-anti-alix, usayizi, isilinganiso sama-radii, i-angle sitsheke, inombolo yama-engeli, nokuningi. Ngamunye wabo unesethi yakhe yezinketho.

Iphaneli yezinketho ze-Adhesion ne-Command Bar

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, atholakala eduzane, kufasitela lesokudla lewindi lesicelo futhi abukeka ngokulandelayo:

Njengoba igama lisho, iphaneli yezinketho zokunamathela (leli igama elisemthethweni) likuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukuthi into yakho izoyihlanganisa nenye into ngokuzenzakalelayo. Uma kunjalo, kuphi lapho okufanele ukwenze khona - enkambeni, kuzona, izinkombandlela nokunye. Uma ufisa, ungakhubaza ngokuphelele konke ukunamathela. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokucindezela inkinobho ehambelanayo kwiphaneli.

Ibha yomyalo yona iguqule izinto eziphambili kusuka kumenyu Ifayela, futhi yengeze imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokugcwalisa, ukukala, ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto nezinto nabanye.

Ukushintsha kombala kanye nebha yesimo

Lezi zindawo ezimbili nazo ziseduze. Akhiwe ezansi kwewindi futhi abukeka kanjena:

Lapha ungakhetha umbala owufunayo ngesimo, ukugcwalisa noma ukuqina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibha yokusondeza itholakala kubha yesimo, ekuvumela ukuthi usondeze noma uphume kuvanaw. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, lokhu akulunge kakhulu. Kulula ukubamba ukhiye "Ctrl" kukhibhodi bese ujikisa isondo legundane phezulu noma phansi.

Indawo yokusebenza

Le yingxenye emaphakathi kakhulu yewindi yesicelo. Yilapho i-canvas yakho ikhona. Eduze komphetho wesikhala sokusebenza uzobona amasilayidi akuvumela ukuthi uskrole iwindi phezulu noma phansi lapho usondeza. Phezulu nakwesobunxele kukhona ababusi. Ikuvumela ukuthi unqume usayizi wesibalo, futhi usethe izinkombandlela uma kunesidingo.

Ukuze usethe imihlahlandlela, vele uhambise isikhombisi segundane ngaphezulu kombusi ovundlile noma omile, bese ubamba inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele bese uhudula umugqa ovela endaweni oyifunayo. Uma udinga ukususa umhlahlandlela, bese uwususa kumbusi.

Lokho empeleni zonke izinto zokubonisa esifuna ukukutshela zona okokuqala. Manje ake siqonde ngqo kwizibonelo ezingokoqobo.

Faka isithombe noma udale ngendwangu

Uma uvula isithombe se-bitmap kusihleli, ungasicubungula noma usidwebe isithombe se-vector kulandela isibonelo.

1. Kusetshenziswa imenyu Ifayela noma izinqamuleli zekhibhodi "Ctrl + o" vula iwindi lokukhetha ifayela. Maka idokhumenti oyifunayo bese ucindezela inkinobho "Vula".



2. Imenyu ivela nezinketho zokungenisa i-bitmap ku-Inkscape. Zonke izinto zishiywa zingashintshiwe bese ucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".

Ngenxa yalokhu, isithombe esikhethiwe siyavela endaweni yokusebenza. Kulokhu, usayizi we-canvas uzovele afane nokuxazululwa kwesithombe. Esimweni sethu, ngamaphikseli we-1920 × 1080. Ingashintshwa kwesinye njalo. Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni kwendatshana, ikhwalithi yesithombe ngeke lishintshe. Uma ungafuni ukusebenzisa noma yisiphi isithombe njengomthombo, ungamane usebenzise i-canvas eyakhiwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Sika isicucu sesithombe

Kwesinye isikhathi kungavela isimo lapho ukucubungula kungadingi isithombe sonke, kepha kuphela indawo ethile. Kulokhu, nakhu okumele ukwenze:

1. Khetha ithuluzi Ama-Rectangles kanye Izikwele.
2. Khetha ingxenye yesithombe ofuna ukusisika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza esithombeni ngenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele bese uhudula kunoma iyiphi indlela. Sidedela inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele futhi sibona unxantathu. Uma udinga ukulungisa imingcele, bese ubamba iLMB kwelinye lamagumbi bese uyikhipha.



3. Okulandelayo, shintshela kumodi "Ukuhlukaniswa nokuguqulwa".
4. Cindezela ukhiye kukhibhodi "Shift" bese uchofoza kwesobunxele kunoma iyiphi indawo esigcawini esikhethiwe.
5. Manje iya kumenyu "Into" bese ukhetha into emakwe esithombeni esingezansi.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ingxenye kuphela ekhethwe ngaphambilini ye-canvas izosala. Ungaqhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo.

Sebenza ngezendlalelo

Ukubeka izinto kuzendlalelo ezahlukahlukene ngeke kumane kunganciphisi isikhala, kodwa futhi kugweme izinguquko ngengozi enqubweni yokudweba.

1. Cindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye kwikhibhodi "I-Ctrl + Shift + L" noma inkinobho Isendlalelo sePalette kubha yomyalo.
2. Ewindini elisha elivulayo, chofoza Faka Isendlalelo.



3. Kuzovela iwindi elincane lapho kudingeka unikeze khona igama kusendlalelo esisha. Faka igama bese uchofoza Faka.



4. Manje khetha isithombe futhi bese uqhafaza kuso ngenkinobho yegundane elifanele. Kumenyu yokuqukethwe, chofoza kulayini Hambisa ku-Layer.



5. Kuzovela iwindi futhi. Khetha kusuka kuhlu ungqimba lapho isithombe sizodluliselwa khona, bese ucindezela inkinobho yokuqinisekisa efanele.



6. Yilokho kuphela. Lesi sithombe sasingesendlaleni sokudla. Ukuze uthembeke, ungayilungisa ngokuchofoza esithombeni senqaba eseduze negama.

Ngale ndlela, ungakha izingqimba eziningi ngendlela othanda ngayo bese udlulisa ukwakheka okudingekayo noma into kunoma iyiphi yazo.

Ukudweba osikwele nezikwele

Ukuze udwebe lezi zibalo ezingenhla, kufanele usebenzise ithuluzi elinegama elifanayo. Ukulandelana kwezenzo kuzobukeka kanjena:

1. Qhafaza kanye nenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele enkingeni yento ehambelana nayo kuphaneli.
2. Ngemuva kwalokho, hambisa isikhombisi segundane kwisilaji. Bamba phansi i-LMB bese uqala ukudonsa isithombe esibonakalayo sikakholamu endaweni oyifunayo. Uma udinga ukudweba isikwele, mane ubambe "Ctrl" ngenkathi udweba.



3. Uma uchofoza kwesokudla entweni bese ukhetha into kusuka kumenyu evela Gcwalisa Nesifo sokuwa, lapho-ke ungalungiselela amapharamitha afanele. Lokhu kufaka umbala, uhlobo nobukhulu be-contour, kanye nezakhiwo ezifanayo zokugcwalisa.



4. Iphaneli yezakhiwo zamathuluzi, uzothola izinketho ezifana "Okuvundlile" futhi Imisakazo emile. Ngokushintsha la manani, uzungeleza imiphetho yesimo esidaliwe. Ungakhansela lezi zinguquko ngokucindezela inkinobho Susa ukujikeleza kwe-Corner.



5. Ungahambisa into ezungeze i-canvas usebenzisa ithuluzi "Ukuhlukaniswa nokuguqulwa". Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele ubambe i-LMB kusikwele bese uyihambisa endaweni efanele.

Ukudweba imibuthano namaqanda

Imibuthano ye-inkscape idonswa ngendlela efanayo namaxande.

1. Khetha ithuluzi olifunayo.
2. Kwi-canvas, bamba phansi inkinobho yesinxele bese uhambisa isikhombisi endaweni oyifunayo.



3. Usebenzisa izakhiwo, ungashintsha ukubukeka okujwayelekile kombuthano ne-engeli yokujikeleza kwawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bonisa nje isilinganiso esifunekayo enkambini ehambisanayo bese ukhetha eyodwa yezinhlobo ezintathu zemibuthano.



4. Njengama-rectangles, imibuthano ingasetwa ukugcwalisa nokushaya kombala ngemenyu yokuqukethwe.
5. Ukuhambisa into ezungeze i-canvas usebenzisa umsebenzi "Gqamisa".

Imidwebo yezinkanyezi namapholigoni

Amapholigoni ku-Inkscape angadonswa ngemizuzwana nje. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhona ithuluzi elikhethekile elikuvumela ukuthi ukhethe kahle lolu hlobo lwesibalo.

1. Yenza kusebenze ithuluzi kwiphaneli "Izinkanyezi Nama-polygons".
2. Bamba inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele ku-canvas bese uhambisa isikhombisi kunoma iyiphi indlela etholakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, uthola isibalo esilandelayo.



3. Ezakhiweni zaleli thuluzi, ungabeka imingcele efana "Inani lamakhona", "Isilinganiso serediyo", Ukujikeleza futhi "Ukuhlanekezela". Ngokuzishintsha, uzothola imiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele.



4. Izakhiwo ezinjengombala, unhlangothi nokuhamba ngokujikeleza kwoshintsho ngendwangu ngendlela efanayo nasezibalweni ezedlule.

Umdwebo we-Spiral

Lesi yisibalo sokugcina esithanda ukukutshela sona ngalo mbhalo. Inqubo yokuyidweba ayihlukile ku eyedlule.

1. Khetha into kubha yamathuluzi "Spiral".
2. Sibambelela endaweni yokusebenza kwe-LMB bese sihambisa isikhombisi segundane, ngaphandle kokukhipha inkinobho, kunoma iyiphi indlela.



3. Kwiphaneli yezakhiwo, ungahlala ushintsha inani lokushintshana komoya, umugqa ongaphakathi wayo kanye nenkomba engalingani.



4. Insimbi "Gqamisa" ikuvumela ukukhulisa usayizi bese ulihambisa ngaphakathi kwendawo.

Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo nezindawo zokuhlala

Ngaphandle kokuthi zonke izibalo zilula, ezinye zazo zingashintshwa ngaphandle kokuqashelwa. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi izithombe ze-vector zitholakala njengomphumela. Ukuze uhlele ama-element node, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

1. Khetha noma yini edonswayo ngethuluzi. "Gqamisa".



2. Okulandelayo, iya kumenyu Contour bese ukhetha into ohlwini lokuqukethwe Hlela Into.



3. Ngemuva kwalokho vula ithuluzi "Ukuhlela izindawo nezindawo zokuxhumana".



4. Manje udinga ukukhetha ngokuphelele isibalo. Uma wenze konke ngendlela efanele, khona-ke izondawo zizopendwa ngombala wento egcwalisiwe.
5. Iphaneli yezakhiwo, chofoza inkinobho yokuqala Faka amaNodi.



6. Njengomphumela, izizinda ezintsha zizovela phakathi kwezindawo ezikhona.

Lesi senzo singenziwa hhayi ngesibalo sonke, kepha kuphela ngendawo ekhethiwe. Ngokwengeza izindawo ezintsha, ungashintsha ngokwengeziwe ukwakheka kwento. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uhambise isikhombisi segundane ngaphezulu kwenodi oyifunayo, bamba i-LMB bese udonsa into uqonde. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungasebenzisa ithuluzi ukudonsa onqenqemeni. Ngakho-ke, indawo yento izoba nge-concave noma i-convex ethe xaxa.

Umdwebo wehhala

Ngalo msebenzi, ungadweba yomibili imigqa eqondile eqondile nobunjwa bokuphikisana. Konke kwenziwa kalula.

1. Khetha ithuluzi ngegama elifanele.
2. Uma ufuna ukudweba umugqa wokuphikisana, bese uqhafaza kubatheku noma kuphi inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele. Lokhu kuzoba indawo yokuqala yomdwebo. Ngemuva kwalokho, hambisa isikhombisi esiqondisweni lapho ufuna ukubona khona lo mzila.
3. Ungaphinda uchofoze kanye ngenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele bese ukelula isikhombisi kunoma iyiphi indlela. Umphumela uba umugqa oyisicaba ngokuphelele.

Qaphela ukuthi imigqa, njengokwakheka, ingahanjiswa ngakweli-canvas, ikalwe kabusha, futhi ihlelwe izindawo.

Ukudweba ama-Bezier Curves

Leli thuluzi lizokuvumela nokuthi usebenze ngemigqa eqondile. Kuzoba wusizo olukhulu ezimweni lapho udinga ukudweba uhlaka lwento usebenzisa imigqa eqondile noma udwebe okuthile.

1. Senza umsebenzi usebenze, obizwa - "Ijika le-Bezier nemigqa eqondile".
2. Okulandelayo, chofoza okukodwa ngenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele. Iphuzu ngalinye lizoxhunywa umugqa oqondile nalowo owedlule. Uma ngasikhathi sinye ubambe umsebenzi wokudweba, ungavele ugobe lo mzila oqondile.



3. Njengazo zonke ezinye izimo, ungangeza ama-node amasha kuyo yonke imigqa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, wenze usayizi bese ususa isici sesithombe esiphumela.

Kusetshenziswa ipeni lokushayela ucingo

Njengoba igama lisho, leli thuluzi lizokuvumela ukuthi wenze okubhaliwe okuhle noma izinto zesithombe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha nje, lungisa izakhiwo (i-angle, ukulungiswa, ububanzi, nokunye) futhi ungaqala ukudweba.

Ukungeza Umbhalo

Ngaphezu bobunjwa nemigqa ehlukahlukene, kusihleli esichaziwe ungasebenza futhi nombhalo. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nqubo ukuthi ekuqaleni umbhalo ungabhalwa ngisho nefonti elincane kakhulu. Kepha uma uyandisa kakhulu, ikhwalithi yesithombe ngeke ilahlekelwe nhlobo. Inqubo yokusebenzisa umbhalo ku-Inkscape ilula kakhulu.

1. Khetha ithuluzi "Izinto zombhalo".
2. Sibonisa izakhiwo zayo kuphaneli ehambisanayo.
3. Sibeka isikhombisi-sikhombisi endaweni ye-canvas lapho sifuna ukubeka khona umbhalo uqobo. Ngokuzayo kuzokwenzeka ukunyakaza. Ngakho-ke, ungasusi umphumela uma ubeke umbhalo ngokungafanele endaweni engafanele.
4. Kusala kuphela ukubhala umbhalo owuthandayo.

Into yesifutho

Kunesici esisodwa esijabulisayo kulo mhleli. Ivumela ngokoqobo kumasekhondi ambalwa ukugcwalisa yonke indawo yokusebenzela ngezimo ezifanayo. Kukhona izinto eziningi ezisetshenziselwa lo msebenzi, ngakho-ke sanquma ukungawudlule.

1. Okokuqala, udinga ukudweba noma imuphi umumo noma into ku-canvas.
2. Okulandelayo, khetha umsebenzi "Spray izinto".
3. Uzobona isiyingi sendawo ethile. Lungisa izakhiwo zalo, uma ubona kufanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi irediyasi yombuthano, inani lezibalo ezizodonswa, njalonjalo.
4. Hambisa ithuluzi liye endaweni yesikhala sokusebenzela lapho ufuna ukudala khona ukugcwala kwento edonswe ngaphambili.
5. Bamba i-LMB futhi uyibambe ngokulinganayo njengoba ubona kufanele.

Umphumela kufanele ube yinto efana nale elandelayo.

Susa izinto

Cishe uzovuma neqiniso lokuthi akukho mdwebo ongakwenza ngaphandle kwe-eraser. Futhi i-Inkscape iyahlukile. Imayelana nokuthi ungasusa kanjani izinto ezidonswe kubhavani, singathanda ukukutshela ekugcineni.

Ngokuzenzakalelayo, noma iyiphi into noma iqembu lalolo hlobo lingakhethwa kusetshenziswa umsebenzi "Gqamisa". Uma ngemuva kwalokho, cindezela ukhiye kukhibhodi "Del" noma "Susa", khona-ke zonke izinto zizosuswa. Kepha uma ukhetha ithuluzi elikhethekile, ungasusa izingcezu ezithile zesibalo noma isithombe.Lo msebenzi usebenza ngokuya ngomgomo wesiza e-Photoshop.

Yilawo wonke amasu ayisisekelo esingathanda ukukhuluma ngawo kule ndaba. Ngokuzihlanganisa ndawonye, ​​ungakha izithombe ze-vector. Kuyiqiniso, kunezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo ku-arks ye-Inkscape. Kepha ukuze uzisebenzise, ​​kufanele ube usunolwazi olujulile. Khumbula ukuthi noma ngasiphi isikhathi ungabuza umbuzo wakho kumazwana akulo mbhalo. Futhi uma ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili ungabaza ngesidingo salo mhleli, khona-ke siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze izifaniso zawo. Phakathi kwabo uzothola hhayi abahleli ve veter kuphela, kodwa futhi raster.

Funda kabanzi: Ukuqhathanisa kwezinhlelo zokuhlela isithombe