Isiqondisi sokufaka se-Debian 9

Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Debian lungenye yezinto zokuqala ezisakazwa ngokusetshenziselwa i-Linux kernel. Ngenxa yalokhu, inqubo yokufaka yabasebenzisi abaningi abavele banquma ukujwayela lolu hlelo ingahle ibonakale iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi saso, kunconywa ukulandela imiyalo ezonikezwa kule ndatshana.

Funda futhi: Ukuhanjiswa Kwe-Linux Okudumile

Faka i-Debian 9

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo nokufakwa kwe-Debian 9, kufanelekile ukwenza amalungiselelo athile. Okokuqala, hlola izidingo zesistimu yalolu hlelo olusebenzayo. Noma kungafuneki ngokuya ngamandla wekhompyutha, ukuze uvikele ukungalingani kufanelekile ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi esemthethweni, lapho yonke into ichazwa ngokuningiliziwe. Futhi, lungiselela i-4GB flash drive, ngoba ngaphandle kwayo ngeke ukwazi ukufaka i-OS kukhompyutha yakho.

Bheka futhi: Ukuthuthukela ku-Debian 8 kuya ku-9

Isinyathelo 1: Landa ukusatshalaliswa

Ukulanda i-Debian 9 kudingekile kuphela kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yonjiniyela, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema ukutheleleka ngegciwane kwekhompyutha kanye namaphutha abucayi lapho usebenzisa i-OS esele ifakiwe.

Landa inguqulo yakamuva ye-Debian 9 kusuka kusayithi esemthethweni

1. Iya ekhasini lokulanda isithombe se-OS usebenzisa isixhumanisi esingenhla.
2. Chofoza kusixhumanisi "Izithombe Ezisimeme Zokukhipha I-CD / DVD Esemthethweni".



3. Ukusuka ohlwini lwezithombe ze-CD, khetha uhlobo lohlelo lokusebenza olukufanele.

   

   Qaphela: amakhompyutha anezinqubo ezingama-64-bit processors alandela isixhumanisi esithi "amd64", nezinhlelo ezingama-32-bit - "i386".

4. Ekhasini elilandelayo, yehla bese uchofoza kusixhumanisi nesandiso ISO.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kuzoqala ukulanda isithombe sokusatshalaliswa se-Debian 9. Ngemuva kokuqeda, qhubekela esigabeni esilandelayo salomyalo.

Isinyathelo 2: Shisa i-Image to Media

Ukuba nesithombe esilandiwe ekhompyutheni yakho, udinga ukudala i-USB drive drive esebenzayo nayo, ukuze ukwazi ukuqala ikhompyutha kuyo. Inqubo yokudalwa kwayo ingadala ubunzima kumuntu ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukubheka imiyalo esewebhusayithi yethu.

Funda kabanzi: Ukubhala isithombe se-OS kwi-USB flash drive

Isinyathelo 3: ukuqala ikhompyutha nge-flash drive

Ngemuva kokuthi ube ne-USB flash drive enesithombe esingu-Debian 9 aqoshwe kuso, udinga ukusifaka ethekwini lekhompyutha bese uqala kuso. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka i-BIOS futhi wenze izilungiselelo ezithile. Ngeshwa, imiyalo yendawo yonke, kepha esizeni sethu ungathola lonke ulwazi oludingekayo.

Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Ukusethwa kwe-BIOS kokuqala kusuka ku-flash drive
Thola uhlobo lwe-BIOS

Isinyathelo 4: Qala Ukufaka

Ukufakwa kwe-Debian 9 kuqala ngemenyu enkulu yesithombe sokufaka, lapho udinga khona ngokushesha uchofoza entweni "Ukufaka imidwebo".

Ngemuva kwalokhu, uhlelo lwekusasa lumisiwe ngqo, udinga ukwenza okulandelayo:

1. Khetha ulimi olufakayo. Thola ulimi lwakho ohlwini bese uqhafaza "Qhubeka". Ulimi lwaseRussia luzokhethwa ku-athikili, wenza njengoba ufisa.



2. Khombisa indawo yakho. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, unikezwa ukhetho oluvela ezweni elilodwa noma amaningi (ngokuya ngolimi olukhethile ngaphambili). Uma kungenasidingo ohlwini, chofoza entweni "okunye" bese uyikhetha ohlwini, bese uchofoza Qhubeka.



3. Chaza ukwakheka kwekhibhodi. Ukusuka ohlwini, khetha ulimi oluzosebenzisana nokuzenzakalelayo, bese uqhafaza Qhubeka.



4. Khetha okhiye abashisayo, ngemuva kokucindezela ukuthi yiluphi ulimi lwesakhiwo luzoshintsha. Konke kuncike kokuncamelayo - ukuthi imaphi okhiye alungele ongawasebenzisa, bese ukhetha wona.



5. Lindela ukulanda kanye nokufakwa kwezinye izinto zesistimu ukuze kuqedwe. Ungalandela inqubekelaphambili ngokubheka inkomba ehambelana nayo.



6. Faka igama lekhompyutha yakho. Uma uzosebenzisa i-PC ekhaya, khetha noma yiliphi igama bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.



7. Faka igama lesizinda. Ungavele weqe lo msebenzi ngokucindezela inkinobho Qhubekauma ikhompyutha izosetshenziswa ekhaya.



8. Faka iphasiwedi ephezulu, bese uyiqinisekisa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iphasiwedi ingaqukatha uhlamvu olulodwa kuphela, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa okuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze abantu abangagunyaziwe bakwazi ukusebenzisana nezinto zesistimu yakho. Ngemuva kokungena, cindezela Qhubeka.

   

   Okubalulekile: ungashiyi izinkambu zingenalutho, ngaphandle kwalokho ngeke ukwazi ukusebenza nezinto zesistimu ezidinga amalungelo aphezulu.

9. Faka igama lakho lomsebenzisi.



10. Faka igama le-akhawunti. Qiniseka ukuyikhumbula, ngoba kwesinye isikhathi izosebenza njengelungelo lokungena ukufinyelela izinto zesistimu ezidinga amalungelo aphezulu.



11. Faka iphasiwedi yohlelo bese uyiqinisekisa, bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka. Kuzodingeka ukufaka ideskithophu.



12. Chaza umkhawulo wesikhathi.

Ngemuva kwalokho, ukucushwa okuyinhloko kohlelo lwesikhathi esizayo kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. Isifaki sizolayisha uhlelo lokuhlukanisa ama-disk bese silubonisa esibukweni.

Okulandelayo kungumsebenzi oqondile nediski kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwalo, okudinga ukuhlaziywa okunemininingwane ethe xaxa.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukuhlukaniswa kweDiski

Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa idiski luzobingelelwa imenyu lapho udinga ukukhetha indlela yokuhlukanisa. Kuzo zonke, zimbili kuphela ezingahlukaniswa: "I-Auto - sebenzisa lonke idiski" futhi "Ngezandla". Kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa imininingwane eminingi ngamunye.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuzenzakalelayo

Le nketho ilungele labo basebenzisi abangafuni ukuqonda konke ubunzima bokuhlelwa kwediski. Kepha ukhetha le ndlela, uyavuma ukuthi yonke imininingwane eku-disk izosulwa. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuyisebenzisa uma idiski ingenalutho ngokuphelele noma amafayela akulo ebaluleke kuwe.

Ngakho-ke, ukwahlukanisa idrayivu ngokuzenzakalelayo, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Khetha "I-Auto - sebenzisa lonke idiski" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.



2. Ukusuka ohlwini, khetha idrayivu lapho kuzofakwa khona i-OS. Kulokhu, ungomunye kuphela.



3. Chaza uhlelo lwesakhiwo. Kuzoba nezinketho ezintathu ongakhetha kuzo. Zonke izinhlelo zingabonakala ngezinga lokuphepha. Ngakho ngokukhetha "Izigaba ezihlukile ze / ikhaya, / var ne / tmp", uzovikeleka ngangokunokwenzeka ekugenca okungaphandle. Ngomsebenzisi ojwayelekile, kunconywa ukuthi ukhethe into yesibili ohlwini - "Ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile kwe / ikhaya".



4. Ngemuva kokubuka uhlu lwezingxenye ezidaliwe, khetha umugqa "Qeda umaki bese ubhala izinguquko kudiski" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.

Ngemuva kokuthi izinyathelo sezithathiwe, inqubo yokufaka uhlelo izoqala, lapho nje isiqediwe, ungaqala ukusebenzisa i-Debian 9. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi idiski ye-othomathikhi ayifanele umsebenzisi, ngakho-ke kufanele uyenze ngesandla.

Isendlalelo sediski emanyu

Isakhiwo se-Manual disk silungile ngoba ungadala ngokuzimela wonke ama-partitions owadingayo futhi uwalungiselele ngalinye lawo ukuze lilingane nezidingo zakho. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Ukuba efasiteleni "Indlela Yokwehlukanisa"khetha umugqa "Ngezandla" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.



2. Khetha abezindaba lapho i-Debian 9 efakwe khona ohlwini.



3. Vuma ukudala ithebula lokuhlukanisa ngokusetha ukushintshela kulo Yebo nokucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.

   

   Qaphela: uma izihlukanisi zenziwe ngaphambilini kudiski noma unesistimu yokusebenza yesibili efakiwe, leli windi lizokweqiwa.

Ngemuva kokuthi itafula lokuhlukanisa elisha lenziwe, kufanele unqume ukuthi yiziphi izihlukanisi ezizodala. I-athikili izonikeza ngemiyalo enemininingwane yokulinganisa nge-average degree yezokuphepha, elungele abasebenzisi abaningi Ngezansi ungabona izibonelo zezinye izinketho zesakhiwo.

1. Gqamisa umugqa "Isihlalo samahhala" bese uchofoza inkinobho Qhubeka.



2. Khetha ewindini elisha "Dala isigaba esisha".



3. Cacisa inani lememori ofuna ukwaba ngaphansi kwengxenye yohlelo, bese uqhafaza Qhubeka. Kunconywa ukuthi ucacise okungenani i-15 GB.



4. Khetha okuyisisekelo uhlobo lokwahlukaniswa okusha uma ungafaki ezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo ngaphandle kwe-Debian 9. Ngaphandle kwalokho, khetha kunengqondo.



5. Lapho uthola indawo yokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande, khetha "Kuqala" bese uqhafaza Qhubeka.



6. Setha izilungiselelo zokuhlukaniswa kwezimpande ngokufana nesibonelo esiboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.



7. Gqamisa umugqa "Ukusethwa kokuhlukaniswa kuqediwe" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.

Ukwahlukanisa izimpande kudaliwe, manje dala ukwahlukanisa okuguqukayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu:

1. Phinda izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala zemiyalo edlule ukuqala ukudala isigaba esisha.
2. Cacisa inani lememori elilingana nenani le-RAM yakho.
3. Njengokugcina, thola uhlobo lokwahlukanisa kuya ngenani elilinganisiwe lokuhlukaniswa. Uma zingaphezu kwezine, bese ukhetha "Kunengqondo"uma kuncane - "Okuyinhloko".
4. Uma ukhethe uhlobo lokuqala lwesigaba, bese ewindini elilandelayo khetha umugqa "Ukuphela".
5. Qhafaza kabili inkinobho yesinxele (i-LMB) kulayini Sebenzisa njenge.



6. Ukusuka ohlwini, khetha Shintsha isigaba.



7. Chofoza kulayini "Ukusethwa kokuhlukaniswa kuqediwe" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.

Ukuhlukaniswa okuyimpande kanye nokuhlukaniswa okwenziwe ngokushintshana kwenziwa, kusalokhu kudalwa ukwahlukanisa ikhaya kuphela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, landela le miyalo:

1. Qala ukudala ukwahlukanisa ngokubeka yonke indawo esele yayo futhi unqume uhlobo lwayo.
2. Setha wonke amapharamitha njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngezansi.



3. Qhafaza kabili ku-LMB "Ukusethwa kokuhlukaniswa kuqediwe".

Manje yonke indawo yamahhala yediski yakho kufanele isatshalaliswe ngaphansi kwezihlukanisi. Kufanele ubone okuthile okunje esikrinini:

Endabeni yakho, usayizi wesigaba ngasinye ungahluka.

Lokhu kuqeda ukwakheka kwe-disk, ngakho-ke khetha umugqa "Qeda umaki bese ubhala izinguquko kudiski" bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.

Njengomphumela, uzonikezwa ngombiko onemininingwane ngalo lonke ushintsho olwenziwe. Uma zonke izinto zayo zilingana nezinyathelo ezedlule, setha ukushintshela kuzo Yebo bese uqhafaza Qhubeka.

Izinketho zokuhlukaniswa kweDiski

Ngaphezulu kunikezwe imiyalo yokumaka idrayivu yokuphepha ephakathi. Ungasebenzisa enye. Izinketho ezimbili manje zizokwethulwa.

Ukuvikelwa okubuthakathaka (kufanelekile kubaqalayo abafuna nje ukwazana nohlelo):

• ukwahlukanisa # 1 - ukwahlukanisa izimpande (15 GB);
• isigaba # 2 - ukushintshanisa ukwahlukanisa (umthamo we-RAM).

Ukuvikelwa okukhulu (kulungele abasebenzisi abahlela ukusebenzisa i-OS njengeseva):

• ukwahlukanisa # 1 - ukwahlukanisa izimpande (15 GB);
• isigaba # 2 - / ibhuthini ngepharamitha ro (20 MB);
• isigaba # 3 - ukuguquguquka ukwahlukanisa (ivolumu ye-RAM);
• isigaba # 4 - / tmp ngamapharamitha nosuid, nodev futhi noexec (1-2 GB);
• isigaba # 5 - / val / log ngepharamitha noexec (500 MB);
• isigaba # 6 - / Ikhaya ngamapharamitha noexec futhi nodev (isikhala esisele).

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, esimweni sesibili kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ama-partitions amaningi, kepha ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo olusebenzayo, uzoqiniseka ukuthi akekho ongangena phakathi kwalo ngaphandle.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukufaka okuphelele

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokulandela imiyalo yangaphambilini, ukufakwa kwezinhlaka eziyisisekelo ze-Debian 9 kuzoqala. Le nqubo ingathatha isikhashana.

Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, uzodinga ukusetha amanye amapharamitha ambalwa ukuqedela ukufakwa okugcwele kohlelo olusebenzayo.

1. Ewindini lokuqala lezilungiselelo zomphathi wephakethe, khetha Yebouma une-drive eyengeziwe enezingxenye zesistimu, chofoza okunye Cha bese uchofoza inkinobho Qhubeka.



2. Khetha izwe lapho isibuko sokugcina umlando sikhona. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe isivinini esikhulu sokulanda izingxenye ezengeziwe zesistimu ne-software.



3. Khomba i-Debian 9 Archive Mirror "ftp.ru.debian.org".

   

   Qaphela: uma ukhetha izwe elihlukile lokuhlala ewindini elidlule, khona-ke esikhundleni se- "ru" esibukweni esibukweni kuzoboniswa ikhodi yesifunda ehlukile.

4. Cindezela inkinobho Qhubekauma ungeke usebenzise iseva elibambayo, uma kungenjalo khombisa ikheli laso enkambini yokufaka ehambisanayo.



5. Lindela ukulanda kanye nokufakwa kwesoftware eyengeziwe nezinto zesistimu ukuze kuqedwe.



6. Nikeza impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ngabe uhlelo luthumela izibalo ezingaziwa masonto onke kubathuthukisi bokuhambisa mayelana namaphakheji asetshenziswa njalo.



7. Khetha kusuka ohlwini imvelo yedeskithophu ofuna ukuyibona ohlelweni lwakho, kanye nesoftware eyengeziwe. Ngemuva kokukhetha, cindezela Qhubeka.



8. Linda kuze kube yilapho izingxenye ezikhethwe efasiteleni langaphambilini zilandwa futhi zifakiwe.

   

   Qaphela: inqubo yokuqedela umsebenzi ingaba yinde impela - konke kuya ngesivinini se-Intanethi yakho namandla we-processor.

9. Nikeza imvume yokufaka i-GRUB kwirekhodi le-boot boot ngokukhetha Yebo futhi ngokuchofoza Qhubeka.



10. Khetha idrayivu kusuka ohlwini lapho kuzobekwa khona i-bootboxer ye-GRUB. Kubalulekile ukuthi ibekwe kudiski elifanayo lapho kufakwa khona uhlelo lokusebenza uqobo.



11. Cindezela inkinobho Qhubekaukuqala kabusha ikhompyutha yakho bese uqala ukusebenzisa i-Debian 9 entsha.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ukufakwa kohlelo kuqediwe. Ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha i-PC, uzothathwa uyiswe kumenyu ye-GRUB bootloader, lapho udinga ukukhetha i-OS bese uqhafaza Ngena.

Isiphetho

Ngemuva kokuphothula zonke izinyathelo ezingenhla, uzobona ideskithophu yeDebiya 9. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, buyekeza wonke amaphuzu asenkomba yokufaka futhi uma uthola ukungahambisani nezenzo zakho, zama ukuqala inqubo yokufaka ye-OS futhi ukufeza umphumela oyifunayo.