I-Kali Linux ukusatshalaliswa okuthandwa kakhulu nsuku zonke. Ngokubona lokhu, kunabasebenzisi abaningi kakhulu abafuna ukukufaka, kepha akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukukwenza. Le ndatshana izokuhamba ngokufaka iKali Linux kwi-PC.
Faka iKali Linux
Ukufaka uhlelo olusebenzayo, udinga i-flash drive enomthamo we-4 GB noma ngaphezulu. Kuzoqoshwa isithombe seKali Linux kuso, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzoqalwa ikhompyutha kusuka kuyo. Uma une-drive, ungaqhubeka ngemiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
Isinyathelo 1: Landa isithombe seSistimu
Okokuqala udinga ukulanda isithombe sohlelo olusebenzayo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu kusuka kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni yonjiniyela, ngoba ukusatshalaliswa kwenguqulo yakamuva kutholakala lapho.
Landa i-Kali Linux kusuka kusayithi elisemthethweni
Ekhasini elivulayo, unganquma hhayi kuphela indlela yokulayisha i-OS (Torrent noma HTTP), kodwa futhi nenguqulo yayo. Ungakhetha kuloluhlelo lwe-32-bit noma ku-64-bit eyodwa. Phakathi kokunye, kungenzeka kulesi sigaba ukukhetha imvelo yedeskithophu.
Ngemuva kokunquma kuzo zonke izinto eziguqukayo, qala ukulanda i-Kali Linux kukhompyutha yakho.
Isinyathelo 2: Shisa isithombe kwi-USB flash drive
Ukufaka i-Kali Linux kwenziwa kangcono kusuka kwi-USB flash drive, ngakho-ke okokuqala udinga ukubhala isithombe sohlelo kuyo. Esizeni sethu ungathola umhlahlandlela wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngalesi sihloko.
Okuningi: Ukushiswa kwesithombe se-OS ku-Flash Drayivu
Isinyathelo 3: Ukuqala i-PC kusuka kwi-USB flash drive
Ngemuva kokuthi i-flash drive enesithombe sesistimu isilungile, musa ukushesha ukuyikhipha ethekwini le-USB, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola ikhompyutha kuyo. Le nqubo izobukeka iyinkimbinkimbi kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuzijwayeza ulwazi olufanele ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Funda kabanzi: Ukulanda i-PC kudrayivu ye-USB flash
Isinyathelo 4: Qala Ukufaka
Lapho nje uqala ebhuthini ye-flash drive, kuzovela imenyu kuqapha. Kuyo, udinga ukukhetha indlela yokufaka kaKali Linux. Ukufakwa okuxhaswe isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza kuzokwethulwa ngezansi, ngoba le ndlela izwisiseka kakhulu ngabasebenzisi abaningi.
- In "Imenyu yokuqalisa" isifaki khetha "Ukufaka imidwebo" bese uqhafaza Ngena.
- Kulolo hlu oluvelayo, khetha ulimi. Kunconywa ukukhetha isiRussia, ngoba lokhu ngeke kuthinte kuphela ulimi lwesifaki ngokwalo, kodwa futhi nokwenziwa kwendawo kohlelo.
- Khetha indawo ukuze izoni yesikhathi inqunywe ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Qaphela: uma ungatholi izwe oludingayo kuhlu, khetha umugqa "omunye" ukubonisa uhlu oluphelele lwamazwe emhlabeni.
- Khetha kusuka kuhlu isakhiwo esizovamile kuhlelo.
Qaphela: kunconywa ukufaka ukwakheka kwesiNgisi, kwezinye izimo, ngenxa yokukhethwa kweRussia, akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa izinkambu ezidingekayo. Ngemuva kokufakwa okugcwele kohlelo, ungangezela isakhiwo esisha.
- Khetha okhiye abashisayo abazosetshenziselwa ukushintsha phakathi kokuhlelwa kwekhibhodi.
- Linda kuze kube yilapho izilungiselelo zohlelo seziqedile.
Ngokuya ngamandla wekhompyutha, le nqubo ingabambezeleka. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo, uzodinga ukudala iphrofayili yomsebenzisi.
Isinyathelo 5: Dala iphrofayela yomsebenzisi
Iphrofayili yomsebenzisi yenziwe ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Faka igama lekhompyutha. Kuqala, kuzonikezwa igama elizenzakalelayo, kepha ungalifaka elinye, okunye okuyimfuneko ukuthi ibhalwe ngesiLatini.
- Cacisa igama lesizinda. Uma ungenayo eyodwa, ungangeqa lesi sinyathelo ngokushiya insimu ingenalutho futhi ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.
- Faka iphasiwedi ephezulu, bese uyiqinisekisa ngokuyiphinda kabili enkombeni yokokufaka yesibili.
Qaphela: kunconyelwa ukukhetha iphasiwedi eyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kuyadingeka ukuthola amalungelo okufinyelela kuzo zonke izakhi zesistimu. Kepha uma ufisa, ungacacisa iphasiwedi enenhlamvu eyodwa kuphela.
- Khetha umkhawulo wesikhathi sakho kusuka ohlwini ukuze isikhathi kuhlelo lokusebenza sikhonjiswe kahle. Uma ukhetha izwe elinomkhawulo wesikhathi esisodwa lapho ukhetha indawo, lesi sinyathelo sizokweqiwa.
Ngemuva kokufaka yonke idatha, ukulanda kohlelo ukumaka i-HDD noma i-SSD kuzoqala.
Isinyathelo 6: Ukushayela iDrayivu
Ukumaka kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi: kumodi yokuzenzakalelayo nakwimodi yezandla. Manje lezi zinketho zizocatshangelwa kabanzi.
Indlela yokumaka ezenzakalelayo
Into esemqoka okufanele uyazi - uma umaka idiski kwimodi yokuzenzakalelayo, uzolahlekelwa y yonke idatha ekushayeleni. Ngakho-ke, uma inamafayela abalulekile kuyo, yihambise kwenye idrayivu, efana neFlash, noma uyifake kwisitoreji samafu.
Ngakho-ke, ukumaka imodi yokuzenzakalelayo, kufanele wenze okulandelayo:
- Khetha indlela ezenzakalelayo kusuka kumenyu.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, khetha idiski oya kulo ukwahlukanisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ungomunye kuphela.
- Okulandelayo, bonisa inketho yokwakheka.
Ngokukhetha "Wonke amafayela asesigabeni esisodwa (anconyelwe abaqalayo)", uzodala ukuhlukaniswa okubili kuphela: impande kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokushintshana. Le ndlela iyanconywa kulabo basebenzisi abafaka uhlelo ukuze libuyekezwe, ngoba i-OS enjalo inezinga elibuthakathaka lokuvikela. Ungaphinde ukhethe inketho yesibili - "Ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile kwe / ikhaya". Kulesi simo, ngaphezu kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili ezingenhla, kuzokwakhiwa esinye isigaba "/ ekhaya"lapho wonke amafayela abasebenzisi azogcinwa. Izinga lokuvikelwa ngale ndlela liphakeme. Kepha nokho akunikeli ukuphepha okuphezulu. Uma ukhetha "Izigaba ezihlukile ze / ikhaya, / var ne / tmp", khona-ke ezinye izingxenyana ezimbili zizokwakheka amafayela wesistimu ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo se-markup sizonikeza isivikelo esiphezulu.
- Ngemuva kokukhethwa kokuhlelwa kwesakhiwo, isifaki sizokhombisa isakhiwo uqobo. Kulesi sigaba ungenza ushintsho: khulisa ubukhulu besahlulelo, engeza okusha, shintsha uhlobo lwaso nendawo yayo. Kepha akufanele wenze yonke le misebenzi uma ungayazi inqubo yokuqalisa ukusebenza kwayo, uma kungenjalo ungenza kuphela kube kubi kakhulu.
- Ngemuva kokufunda i-markup noma wenze ushintsho oludingekayo, khetha umugqa wokugcina bese uqhafaza Qhubeka.
- Manje uzokwethulwa ngombiko ngalo lonke ushintsho olwenziwe kumaki. Uma ungaboni lutho olungadingekile, bese uchofoza entweni Yebo bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izilungiselelo kufanele zenziwe ngaphambi kokufakwa kokugcina kohlelo kudiski, kepha zizoxoxwa kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, manje sizodlulela kwelebuli yemibhalo yediski.
Indlela yokumaka ngesandla
Indlela yokubuka ibhuku iqhathaniswa kahle ne-othomathikhi ngoba ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukuhlukaniswa okuningi ngendlela othanda ngayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ulondoloze lonke ulwazi kudiski, kushiye izingxenye ezakhiwe ngaphambilini zingathintwanga. By the way, ngale ndlela ungafaka iKali Linux eduze kweWindows, futhi uma uqala ikhompyutha yakho, khetha uhlelo olusebenzayo oludingekayo ukuze uqhubeke.
Okokuqala udinga ukuya etafuleni lokuhlukanisa.
- Khetha indlela yokubhala.
- Njengokuzenzakalela okuzenzakalelayo, khetha idrayivu ukufaka i-OS.
- Uma idiski ingenalutho, uzoyiswa ewindini lapho kudingeka unikeze imvume yokwenza itafula lokuhlukanisa elisha.
Qaphela: uma sekuvele kukhona ukwahlukaniswa ku-drive, le nto izokweqiwa.
Manje usungaqhubekela phambili ekudaleni ama-partitions amasha, kepha okokuqala udinga ukunquma ngenombolo nohlobo lwawo. Izindlela ezintathu zokumaka manje zizokwethulwa:
Imaki ephansi yezokuphepha:
№ | Iphuzu leNtaba | Ivolumu | Thayipha | Indawo | Amapharamitha | Sebenzisa njenge |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isigaba 1 | / | Kusuka ku-15 GB | Okuyinhloko | Qala | Cha | I-Ext4 |
Isigaba 2 | - | Inani le-RAM | Okuyinhloko | Ukuphela | Cha | Shintsha isigaba |
Umaki wokuphepha ophakathi nendawo:
№ | Iphuzu leNtaba | Ivolumu | Thayipha | Indawo | Amapharamitha | Sebenzisa njenge |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isigaba 1 | / | Kusuka ku-15 GB | Okuyinhloko | Qala | Cha | I-Ext4 |
Isigaba 2 | - | Inani le-RAM | Okuyinhloko | Ukuphela | Cha | Shintsha isigaba |
Isigaba 3 | / Ikhaya | Kusala | Okuyinhloko | Qala | Cha | I-Ext4 |
Ukumaka okukhulu kokuphepha:
№ | Iphuzu leNtaba | Ivolumu | Thayipha | Amapharamitha | Sebenzisa njenge |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isigaba 1 | / | Kusuka ku-15 GB | Kunengqondo | Cha | I-Ext4 |
Isigaba 2 | - | Inani le-RAM | Kunengqondo | Cha | Shintsha isigaba |
Isigaba 3 | / var / log | 500 MB | Kunengqondo | noexec, notime futhi nodev | reiserfs |
Isigaba 4 | / ibhuthini | 20 MB | Kunengqondo | ro | I-Ext2 |
Isigaba 5 | / tmp | 1 kuya ku-2 GB | Kunengqondo | nosuid, nodev futhi noexec | reiserfs |
Isigaba 6 | / Ikhaya | Kusala | Kunengqondo | Cha | I-Ext4 |
Kumele nje uzikhethele ukwakheka okuhle futhi uqhubeke ngqo nakho. Kwenziwa kanje:
- Thepha kabili kulayini "Isihlalo samahhala".
- Khetha "Dala isigaba esisha".
- Faka inani lememori elizokwabelwa ukwahlukanisa okwenziwe. Ungabona ivolumu enconyiwe kwelinye lamatafula angenhla.
- Khetha uhlobo lokwahlukanisa.
- Chaza indawo isikhala lapho ukwahlukaniswa okusha kuzobekwa khona.
Qaphela: uma ngaphambilini ukhethe uhlobo olunengqondo lokuhlukaniswa, lesi sinyathelo sizokweqeka.
- Manje udinga ukusetha wonke amapharamitha adingekayo, ubhekisa kuthebula elingenhla.
- Qhafaza kabili kulayini "Ukusethwa kokuhlukaniswa kuqediwe".
Usebenzisa le miyalo, hlukanisa idrayivu iye ezingeni elifanele lokuphepha bese uqhafaza "Qeda umaki bese ubhala izinguquko kudiski".
Ngenxa yalokhu, uzokwethulwa ngombiko ngalo lonke ushintsho olwenziwe ngaphambilini. Uma ungaboni umehluko ngezenzo zakho, khetha Yebo. Okulandelayo, ukufakwa kwengxenye eyisisekelo yohlelo lwesikhathi esizayo kuzoqala. Le nqubo yinde.
Ngendlela, ngendlela efanayo ungamaka i-Flash drive, ngokulandelana, kuleli cala, iKali Linux izofakwa kwi-USB flash drive.
Isinyathelo 7: Ukufaka okuphelele
Lapho uhlelo lwesisekelo selufakiwe, udinga ukwenza ezinye izilungiselelo:
- Uma ikhompyutha ixhumeke kwi-Intanethi lapho ufaka i-OS, khetha Yebongaphandle kwalokho - Cha.
- Cacisa iseva elibambayo, uma unayo. Uma kungenjalo, yeqa lesi sinyathelo ngokuchofoza Qhubeka.
- Lindela ukuthi isoftware ilayishe futhi ifake.
- Faka i-GRUB ngokukhetha Yebo futhi ngokuchofoza Qhubeka.
- Khetha idrayivu lapho i-GRUB izofakwa khona.
Okubalulekile: i-bootloader kumele ifakwe kwi-hard drive lapho kuzosebenza khona uhlelo lokusebenza. Uma kune-drive eyodwa kuphela, khona-ke iqokwa ngokuthi "/ dev / sda".
- Lindela ukufakwa kwawo wonke amaphakheji asele ohlelweni.
- Ewindini lokugcina, uzokwaziswa ukuthi uhlelo lufakwe ngempumelelo. Susa i-USB flash drive kwikhompyutha bese ucindezela inkinobho Qhubeka.
Ngemuva kwazo zonke izinyathelo ezithathiwe, ikhompyutha yakho izoqala kabusha, bese kuvela imenyu esikrinini lapho uzodinga khona ukufaka igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Sicela wazi ukuthi ungene ngemvume njengezimpande, okungukuthi, udinga ukusebenzisa igama "impande".
Ekugcineni, faka iphasiwedi ovele nayo lapho ufaka uhlelo. Lapha unganquma indawo yedeskithophu ngokuchofoza kwigiya eliseduze nenkinobho Ngena, nokukhetha oyifunayo ohlwini oluvelayo.
Isiphetho
Ngokulandela isigaba ngasinye somyalo, uzogcina ungene ku-desktop ye-Kali Linux yokusebenza kohlelo futhi ungaqala ukusebenza kwikhompyutha.