I-BIOS (isuka esiNgisini. Isisekelo Sokufaka / Isistimu Yokukhipha) - uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokufaka / okuphumayo, olubhekele ukuqala kwekhompyutha nokulungiswa kwezinga eliphansi kwezakhi zalo. Kulesi sihloko sizosho ukuthi kusebenza kanjani, ukuthi kuhloselwe ini nokuthi kusebenza ini.
I-BIOS
Ngokwenyama, i-BIOS iqoqo lama-microprogram athengiswe ku-chip ebhodini lomama. Ngaphandle kwalolu cingo, ikhompyutha ivele ingewazi ukuthi kufanele yenzenjani ngemuva kwamandla - lapho kufanele ilayishe khona uhlelo olusebenzisayo kusuka kuliphi, kufanele liphole isivinini kangakanani, ngabe lelo cingo lingavulwa ngokucindezela inkinobho yegundane noma ikhibhodi, njll.
Ukungadideki "BIOS SetUp" (imenyu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ongayifinyelela ngokuchofoza izinkinobho ezithile kukhibhodi ngenkathi ikhompyutha iqala phezulu) nge-BIOS kanjalo. Eyokuqala ingenye nje yeqoqo lezinhlelo eziningana ezirekhodwe ku-chip ye-BIOS enkulu.
Chips ze-BIOS
Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokufaka / okuphumayo lubhalwe kuphela kumadivayisi wokugcina angenasisekelo. Ebhodini lesistimu, kubukeka njenge-microcircuit, eduze kwayo nebhethri.
Lesi sinqumo singenxa yokuthi i-BIOS kufanele ihlale isebenza, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini okunikezela ngogesi kwi-PC noma cha. I-chip kumele ivikelwe ngokuthembekile ezintweni zangaphandle, ngoba uma kwenzeka kuvela ukuchitheka, khona-ke ngeke kube nemiyalo kwimemori yekhompyutha ezoyivumela ilayishe i-OS noma isebenzise yamanje ebhasini lebhodi yesistimu.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-chip lapho i-BIOS ingafakwa khona:
- I-ERPROM (Isisusa, i-ROM ehlekayo) - okuqukethwe kwama-chips anjalo kungasulwa kuphela ngenxa yokuchayeka emithonjeni ye-ultraviolet. Lolu uhlobo lwedivayisi olungasasebenzi.
- I-Eeprom (okwenzeka ngogesi, i-ROM ehlelekile kabusha) - inketho yesimanje, idatha lapho kungachithwa khona isiginali kagesi, ekuvumela ukuthi ungasusi i-chip kusuka mat. amabhodi. Kumadivayisi anjalo, ungabuyekeza i-BIOS, ekuvumela ukuthi ukhulise ukusebenza kwe-PC, unwebe uhlu lwamadivayisi asekelwa yibhodi yam mama, futhi ulungise amaphutha nokushiyeka okwenziwe ngumenzi wawo.
Funda kabanzi: Ukuvuselelwa kwe-BIOS kukhompyutha
Izici ze-BIOS
Umsebenzi oyinhloko nenhloso ye-BIOS izinga eliphansi, lokucushwa kwamadivayisi afakwe kukhompyutha. Indlela ejwayelekile "BIOS SetUp" inesibopho kulokhu. Ngosizo lwayo unga:
- Setha isikhathi sesistimu;
- Setha ukubeka phambili kuqala, okungukuthi, chaza insiza lapho amafayela kufanele aqale ukulayishwa khona ku-RAM, futhi ngokulandelana kanjani kusuka kwabanye;
- Nika amandla noma ukhubaze ukusebenza kwezakhi, setha i-voltage yazo nokunye okuningi.
Ukusebenza kwe-BIOS
Lapho ikhompyutha iqala, cishe zonke izinto ezifakiwe kuyo ziphendukela ku-chip ye-BIOS ukuthola eminye imiyalo. Lokhu kuhlolwa kwamandla okubizwa nge- POST (amandla okuzihlola). Uma izingxenye ngaphandle kokuthi i-PC bebengenakukwazi ukugoqa (i-RAM, i-ROM, amadivayisi wokufaka / wokukhipha, njll.) Iphumelele isivivinyo esisebenzayo, i-BIOS iqala ukufuna irekhodi eliyisiqalo lesistimu yokusebenza (MBR). Uma eyithola, i-OS ilawula i-hardware futhi iyilayishe. Manje, ngokuya ngohlelo olusebenzayo, i-BIOS idlulisela ukulawula okuphelele kwezinto kuyo (ejwayelekile ngeWindows neLinux) noma imane inikeze ukufinyelela okukhawulelwe (i-MS-DOS). Ngemuva kokulayisha i-OS, ukusebenza kwe-BIOS kungabhekwa njengokuqediwe. Inqubo enjalo izokwenzeka njalo lapho kuqala isiqalo esisha, futhi kuphela lapho.
Ukusebenzisana komsebenzisi we-BIOS
Ukuze ungene kumenyu ye-BIOS futhi ushintshe ezinye izinhlaka kuwo, udinga ukucindezela inkinobho eyodwa ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kwe-PC. Le nkinobho ingahluka ngokuya ngomakhi webhodi lomama. Imvamisa kuyenzeka "F1", "F2", "ESC" noma "DELETE".
Imenyu yohlelo lokufaka / lokukhipha lwabo bonke abakhiqizi bamabhodi wama-mama libukeka licishe lifane. Ungaqiniseka ukuthi ngeke kube nomehluko ekusebenzeni okuyinhloko (okubalwe engxenyeni ebizwa ngokuthi “Imisebenzi ye-BIOS” yalokhu kwaziswa).
Bheka futhi: Ungangena kanjani kwi-BIOS kukhompyutha
Kuze kube yilapho izinguquko zilondoloziwe, azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-PC. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucwangcisa konke ngokucophelela nangokufanele, ngoba iphutha kuzilungiselelo ze-BIOS kungaholela okungenani ekumeni kwekhompyutha, futhi okungenani, ezinye izingxenye zehadiwe zingaphumeleli. Kungaba yi-processor uma ungalungisi kahle ijubane lokujikeleza kwama-coolers ukupholisa ngalo, noma iyunithi yokuphehla ugesi, uma ngabe usabalalisa kabusha ukunikezwa kukagesi kubhodi lomama - kunezindlela eziningi ongakhetha kuzo futhi eziningi zazo zingabucayi kakhulu idivaysi iyonke. Ngenhlanhla, kune-POST engakhipha amakhodi wephutha kumqaphi, futhi uma kunezikhulumi, ingakhipha amasiginali omsindo nawo akhombisa ikhodi yephutha.
Ukusetha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-BIOS kungasiza ekuqedeni ukungasebenzi kahle okuningi. Ungathola okuningi ngalokhu ku-athikili kuwebhusayithi yethu eyethulwa kusixhumanisi esingezansi.
Funda kabanzi: Setha kabusha izilungiselelo ze-BIOS
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko, umqondo we-BIOS, imisebenzi yawo ebalulekile, umgomo wokusebenza, i-microcircuit lapho ingafakwa khona, futhi ezinye izici zabhekwa. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu okuqukethwe bekuthakazelisa futhi bekuvumela ukuthi ufunde okuthile okusha noma ukuvuselela ulwazi olukhona.
