I-HDD, idiski eline-hard drive, i-hard drive - wonke lawa ngamagama edivayisi eyodwa eyaziwayo yokugcina idatha. Kulesi sisetshenziswa sizokutshela ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe bezishayeli ezinjalo, mayelana nokuthi imininingwane ingagcinwa kanjani kubo, nangamanye ama-nuances obuchwepheshe kanye nemigomo yokusebenza.
Idivayisi yokushayela kanzima
Ngokususelwa egameni eligcwele lale divayisi yesigcini - i-hard disk drive (HDD) - ungaqonda kalula ukuthi yini esekupheleni komsebenzi wayo. Ngenxa yokushibhile nokuqina kwabo, le mithombo yokubeka ifakiwe kumakhompyutha ahlukahlukene: ama-PC, ama-laptops, amaseva, amaphilisi, njll. Isici esihlukile se-HDD yikhono lokugcina inani elikhulu ledatha, ngenkathi inezici ezincane kakhulu. Ngezansi sizokhuluma ngesakhiwo saso sangaphakathi, imigomo yokusebenza nezinye izici. Ake siqale!
I-Hermoblock nebhodi lama-elekthronikhi
I-green fiberglass namathrekhi ethusi kuyo, kanye nezixhumi zokuxhuma ukuhambisa ugesi kanye ne-SATA jack, kubizwa ngokuthi ibhodi yokulawula (Ibhodi Yesekethe Ephrintiwe, i-PCB). Lo mbuthano ohlanganisiwe usebenza ukuvumelanisa ukusebenza kwe-disk ne-PC kanye nokuphathwa kwazo zonke izinqubo ezingaphakathi kwe-HDD. Icala le-aluminium elimnyama nokuthi yini ngaphakathi libizwa iyunithi evaliwe (INhloko neDiski Assembly, i-HDA).
Maphakathi nesekethe elihlanganisiwe kune-chip enkulu - le i-microcontroller (Iyunithi yokulawula iMicrosoft, i-MCU). Ku-HDD yanamuhla, i-microprocessor iqukethe izinto ezimbili: iyunithi yangaphakathi yekhompyutha (I-Central processor unit, i-CPU), esebenza konke ukubalwa, futhi funda futhi ubhale isiteshi - Idivaysi ekhethekile eguqula isiginali ye-analog isuka ekhanda iye kwenye elahliwayo lapho kumatasa kufundwa, okuphambene nalokho - okuyi-digital kuya ku-analog ngesikhathi sokuqoshwa. I-microprocessor ine okokufaka / ukuphuma kwamachwebaesebenzisa ngayo ukuphatha izinto ezisele ezitholakala ebhodini futhi ishintshana ngolwazi ngokuxhumeka kwe-SATA.
Enye i-chip etholakala esisekelweni yi-DDR SDRAM (imemori chip). Inani layo linquma umthamo we-hard drive cache. Le chip ihlukaniswe kwimemori ye-firmware, equkethwe ngokwengxenye ye-flash drive, nesiphathi esidingekayo somprosesa ukuze kulayishwe amamojula we-firmware.
I-chip yesithathu ibizwa injini nokulawula ikhanda (Isilawuli se-motor Coil Motor, isilawuli se-VCM). Ilawula eminye imithombo yamandla etholakala ebhodini. Ziphethwe yi-microprocessor futhi switch preamp (preamplifier) okuqukethwe kuyunithi evaliwe. Lesi silawuli sidinga amandla amaningi kunezinye izingxenye ezisebhodini, ngoba yisibopho sokujikeleza kwesiphingi nokuhamba kwamakhanda. Umnyombo we-preamplifier-switch uyakwazi ukusebenza lapho ukufuthelana kufika ku-100 ° C! Lapho amandla ehlinzekwa kwi-HDD, i-microcontroller ithululela okuqukethwe kwe-chip chip kwimemori futhi iqale ukwenza imiyalo ebekwe kuyo. Uma ikhodi yehluleka ukulayisha kahle, i-HDD ngeke ikwazi ukuqalisa iphromoshini. Futhi, imemori ye-flash ingahlanganiswa ne-microcontroller, futhi ayiqukethwe ebhodini.
Itholakala kwisifunda inzwa yokudlidliza (inzwa yokwethuka) inquma izinga lokuqhaqhazela. Uma ebheka ukuqina kwayo njengengozi, kuzothunyelwa isibonakaliso kwinjini nakwisilawuli sekhanda, ngemuva kwalokho ipake amakhanda ngokushesha noma imise ngokuphelele ukujikeleza kwe-HDD. Ngokombono, le ndlela yakhelwe ukuvikela i-HDD ekulimaleni kwemishini ehlukahlukene, yize ukusebenza kungamenzeli okuningi. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ulahle i-hard drive, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekusebenzeni okunganele kwenzwa yokudlidliza, okungadala ukungasebenzi ngokuphelele kwensiza. Amanye ama-HDD anezinzwa ezithi zi hypersensitive to vibration, eziphendula ekubonakalisweni kwazo okuncane. Idatha etholwa yi-VCM isiza ekushintshashintsheni kokuhamba kwamakhanda, ngakho-ke amadiski afakwe okungenani ezimbili zalezi zinzwa.
Elinye icebo elakhelwe ukuvikela i-HDD umkhawulo wethrafikhi wesikhashana (I-Transient Voltage Suppression, i-TVS), yakhelwe ukuvikela ukwehluleka okungenzeka uma kungenzeka ukuthi amandla amakhulu ancishisiwe. Kungaba nemikhawulo eminingi enjalo kwisifunda esisodwa.
Umphezulu weHermoblock
Ngaphansi kwebhodi lesifunda elihlanganisiwe kukhona oxhumana nabo abavela kuma-motors namakhanda. Lapha ungabona umgodi wezobuchwepheshe ocishe ungabonakali (umgodi wokuphefumula), olinganisa ingcindezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo evaliwe yophiko, uchithe inganekwane yokuthi kunesikhala ngaphakathi kwe-hard drive. Indawo yayo engaphakathi imbozwe ngesihlungi esikhethekile esingadluli uthuli nomswakama ngqo kwi-HDD.
I-Hermobic insides
Ngaphansi kwesembozo seyunithi evaliwe, okuyingqimba ejwayelekile yensimbi ne-gasket enjoloba evikela umswakama nothuli, kukhona amadiski kazibuthe.
Bangabizwa futhi ama-pancake noma amapuleti (amapuleti). Ama-discs ngokuvamile enziwa ngengilazi noma nge-aluminium ebekade ibunjiwe. Ngemuva kwalokho zimbozwe izingqimba eziningana zezinto ezahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo kukhona ne-ferromagnet - sibonga kuye ukuthi kukhona amandla okuqopha nokugcina imininingwane kwi-hard disk. Phakathi kwamapuleti nangaphezulu pancake aphezulu ababusi (abahlikihli noma abahlukanisi). Zikhipha ngisho nokuphuma komoya futhi zinciphise umsindo we-acoustic. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngeplastiki noma nge-aluminium.
Amapuleti ahlukanisayo, ayenziwe nge-aluminium, abhekana kangcono nokuncipha kwezinga lokushisa komoya ngaphakathi kwendawo evaliwe.
I-Magnetic block block
Emaphethelweni amabakaki akhona i-magnetic head block (I-Head Stack Assembly, i-HSA), amakhanda afundwayo / wokubhala atholakala. Lapho i-spindle imisiwe, kufanele babe sendaweni yokupheka - le yindawo lapho amakhanda ediski esebenza kanzima etholakala khona lapho ishaft ingasebenzi. Kwamanye ama-HDD, ukupaka kwenzeka ezindaweni zokulungiselela zepulasitiki ezitholakala ngaphandle kwamapuleti.
Ngokusebenza okujwayelekile kwe-hard disk, umoya ohlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka onobuncane bezinhlayiya zakwamanye amazwe uyadingeka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-microparticles e-lubricant neefomu lensimbi ku-drive. Ukuze uzikhiphe, ama-HDD afakiwe izihlungi zokujikeleza (Isihlungi kabusha), esiqoqa njalo futhi sibambe izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu zezinto. Zifakwe endleleni yemijikelezo yomoya, eyakheka ngenxa yokujikeleza kwamapuleti.
Ama-Neodymium magnets afakiwe ku-HDD, angaheha futhi abambe isisindo esingaba izikhathi ezingama-1300 ukwedlula esawo. Inhloso yalawa ma-magnets ku-HDD ukukhawulela ukuhamba kwamakhanda ngokubamba ngenhla kwamapancake epulasitiki noma e-aluminium.
Enye ingxenye yeblogi ekhanda ngozibuthe ikhoyili (ikhoyili yezwi). Kanye nemagnets, ayakha I-BMG driveokuyiyo iBMG isikhundla (i-actuator) - insiza eshukumisa amakhanda. Indlela yokuvikela yale divayisi ibizwa ngokuthi ukubambelela (i-actuator latch). Ikhulula iBMG ngokushesha nje lapho i-spindle isithole isivinini esanele. Ehlelweni lokukhululwa, umfutho womoya uyathinteka. I-latch ivimbela noma yikuphi ukuhamba kwamakhanda endaweni yokulungiselela.
Ngaphansi kwe-BMG kuzoba nomthelela oqondile. Igcina ubushelelezi nokunemba kwale yunithi. Kukhona nengxenye eyenziwe nge-aluminium alloy, ebizwa ngokuthi rocker (ingalo). Ekupheleni kwayo, ngokumiswa kwentwasahlobo, amakhanda atholakala. Ukusuka ku-rocker kuya ikhebuli eguquguqukayo (I-Flexible Phrinta Circuit, i-FPC), okuholela kulayini elixhumeka ebhodini lama-elekthronikhi.
Nayi ikhoyili exhunywe kwikhebula:
Lapha ungabona ukuthinta:
Nayi oxhumana nabo be-BMG:
IGasket (gasket) kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukubamba ngokuqinile. Ngenxa yalokhu, umoya ungena kulolo phiko unama-discs namakhanda kuphela ngokuvula okuveza ngisho nengcindezi. Oxhumana nabo kule disk bahlanganiswa ne-gilding enhle kunazo zonke, ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Okujwayelekile Umhlangano Wabakaki:
Emaphethelweni wokumiswa kwentwasahlobo kuyizingxenye ezinobukhulu obukhulu - ama-slider (amaslayidi). Basiza ukufunda nokubhala idatha ngokukhulisa ikhanda ngenhla kwamapuleti. Ezindizeni zanamuhla, amakhanda asebenza kude ne-5-10 nm ukusuka ebusweni bama-pancake ensimbi. Izici zokufunda nokubhala imininingwane zitholakala emikhawulweni yeslides. Mancane kakhulu kangangokuba angabonakala kuphela esebenzisa isibonakhulu.
Lezi zingxenye azisona isicaba ngokuphelele, ngoba zineziqu zemvelo ezi-aerodynamic kuzo, ezisebenza ekuqiniseni ukuphakama kwendiza kwesilayidi. Umoya ngaphansi uyadala umcamelo (I-Air Bearing Surface, i-ABS), esekela ukufana kwendiza yephaphethi yendiza.
Isinyathelo sokuqala - i-chip ebhekene nokulawula amakhanda nokwandisa isiginali kubo noma kubo. Itholakala ngqo kwi-BMG, ngoba isignali ekhishwa amakhanda inamandla angenele (cishe i-1 GHz). Ngaphandle kwesikhulisi endaweni evaliwe, bekungamane kusabalale endleleni eya esifundeni esihlanganisiwe.
Ukusuka kule divayisi elibheke kumakhanda kukhona amathrekhi amaningi kune-zone eqinile. Lokhu kuchazwa iqiniso lokuthi i-hard disk ingakwazi ukuhlangana nomunye wabo endaweni ethile ngesikhathi. I-microprocessor ithumela izicelo kusampula yokuqala ukuze ikhethe inhloko oyifunayo. Ukusuka kudiski kuya kwelinye lawo kukhona amathrekhi ambalwa. Banesibopho sokubeka phansi, ukufunda nokubhala, ukulawula imishini yokushayela, kusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile yamagnetic ekwazi ukulawula isilayidi, esivumela ukwandisa ukunemba kwamakhanda. Enye yazo kufanele iholele heater, elawula ukuphakama kwendiza yayo. Lo mklamo usebenza kanjena: ukushisa kudluliswa ku-heater kumiswe, okuxhuma islayidi kanye ne-rocker. Ukumiswa kwakheka kusuka kuma-alloys anamapharamitha wokunwebisa ahlukile kusuka ekushiseni okungenayo. Ngokushisa okuqhubekayo, igoba ibheke epuletini, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise ibanga ukusuka kulo kuya ekhanda. Ngokuncipha kwenani lokushisa, umphumela ophikisayo uyenzeka - ikhanda lihamba kude ne-pancake.
Nakhu ukwahlukanisa okuphezulu kubukeka kanjani:
Kulesi sithombe kunendawo eqinile ngaphandle kwebhulokhi yamakhanda nesihlukanisi esingaphezulu. Ungase futhi uqaphele uzibuthe ongaphansi futhi ingcindezi (ama-platter clamp):
Le ring ibamba amabhlokhi e-pancake ndawonye, ivimba noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okuhlobene nomunye:
Amapuleti ngokwawo adukelwe shaft (spindle hub):
Nakhu okungaphansi kwepuleti eliphezulu:
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, indawo yamakhanda idalwe kusetshenziswa okhethekile izindandatho ze-spacer (izindandatho zesikhala). Lezi zingxenye ezinembayo ephezulu eyenziwe kusuka kuma-alloys noma ama-polymers angewona awakhethi:
Ngezansi kwephiko lokucindezela kunesikhala sokulinganiswa kwengcindezi, esitholakala ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlungi somoya. Umoya ongaphandle kophawu oluvaliwe, yiqiniso, uqukethe izinhlayiya zothuli. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kufakwa isihlungi se-multilayer, esikhulu kakhulu kunezihlungi eziyindilinga ezifanayo. Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala imithambo yejeli ebolayo, okufanele ibambe wonke umswakama uqobo:
Isiphetho
Le ndatshana inikeze incazelo eningilisiwe yabantu abangaphakathi kwe-HDD. Siyethemba ukuthi lokhu okubalulekile bekuthakazelisa futhi kusize nokufunda okuningi emkhakheni wezinto zekhompyutha.
