Ilungiselela i-router ye-Mikrotik RB951G-2HnD

IMikrotik yinkampani yemishini yenethiwekhi esebenza uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza lweRouterOS. Kungenxa yawo ukuthi wonke amamodeli atholakalayo wama-routers avela kulo mkhiqizi amisiwe. Namuhla sizomisa ku-RB951G-2HnD router futhi sikhulume ngokuningiliziwe ngokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani ngokwakho.

Ukulungiswa komzila

Vula idivaysi bese uyibeka efulethini lakho noma endlini endaweni elula kunazo zonke. Bheka iphaneli lapho kuboniswa khona izinkinobho zonke nezixhumi. Xhuma ucingo kusuka kumhlinzeki nentambo ye-LAN yekhompyutha kunoma yimaphi amachweba akhona. Kuhle ukukhumbula ukuthi iyiphi inombolo oxhumeka kuyo, ngoba lokhu kuyasiza lapho uhlela amapharamitha kusixhumi esibonakalayo sewebhu uqobo.

Qiniseka ukuthi ku-Windows, ukuthola amakheli we-IP ne-DNS kuyazenzakalela. Lokhu kufakazelwa umaka okhethekile kumenyu yokusetha ye-IPv4, okufanele iphikisana namanani "Thola ngokuzenzakalela". Ungayibheka kanjani futhi uyishintshe kanjani le paramente, ungafunda kwesinye isihloko sethu kusixhumanisi esingezansi.

Funda Okuningi: Izilungiselelo Zenethiwekhi yeWindows 7

Ilungiselela i-Mikrotik RB951G-2HnD router

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukucushwa kwenziwa kusetshenziswa isistimu ekhethekile yokusebenza. Isebenza ngezindlela ezimbili - isoftware ne-web interface. Indawo yawo wonke amaphuzu nenqubo yokulungiswa kwawo ayihlukile, ukubukeka kwezinkinobho ezithile kuguqulwa kancane. Isibonelo, uma ohlelweni ukufaka umthetho omusha udinga ukuthi uchofoze inkinobho ngesimo sokuhlanganisa, lapho-ke esibonelweni sewebhu inkinobho ibhekene nalokhu "Faka". Sizosebenza esibonakalayo sewebhu, futhi wena, uma ngabe ukhethe uhlelo lwe-Winbox, phinda umhlahlandlela olandelayo ngqo. Ukushintshela ohlelweni lokusebenza kungokulandelayo:

1. Ngemuva kokuxhuma i-router ku-PC, vula isiphequluli sewebhu bese ubhala kubha yekheli192.168.88.1bese uqhafaza Ngena.



2. Kuzovezwa iwindi lokwamukelwa kwe-OS. Chofoza kunketho efanelekile lapha - "I-Winbox" noma "I-Webfig".



3. Ukukhetha isikhombimsebenzisi sewebhu, faka ukungena ngemvumeadmin, futhi ushiye umugqa wephasiwedi ungenalutho, ngoba ngokuzenzakalelayo ayisethiwe.



4. Uma ulande uhlelo, lapho-ke ngemuva kokuqala kwalo uzodinga ukwenza ngqo lezo zenzo, kuqala emgqeni "Xhuma ku" Kuboniswa ikheli le-IP192.168.88.1.



5. Ngaphambi kokuqala ukucushwa, kufanele usethe kabusha manje, okungukuthi, usethe kabusha konke kuzilungiselelo zefekthri. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula isigaba "Uhlelo"iya esigabeni "Setha kabusha Ukucushwa"phawula ibhokisi "Akunakulungiswa Okuzenzakalelayo" bese uqhafaza "Setha kabusha Ukucushwa".

Linda kuze kube yilapho i-router iqalisa futhi ingena kabusha ohlelweni olusebenzayo. Emva kwalokho, ungaya ngokuqondile ukulungisa iphutha.

Izilungiselelo Zokusebenzelana

Uma uxhuma, bekufanele ukhumbule ukuthi yimaphi amachweba izintambo ezixhumeke kuzo, ngoba kuma-Mikrotik routers zonke ziyafana futhi zilungele kokubili ukuxhumana kwe-WAN ne-LAN. Ukuze ungadideki kuzilungiselelo ezengeziwe, shintsha igama lesixhumi lapho ikhebula le-WAN liya khona. Lokhu kwenziwa ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa nje:

1. Isigaba esivulekile "Izindlela zokuxhumana" futhi ohlwini I-Ethernet thola inombolo oyifunayo, bese uqhafaza kuyo ngenkinobho yegundane yesobunxele.



2. Shintsha igama laso kunoma yiliphi elisebenzayo, isibonelo, ku-WAN, futhi ungaphuma kule menyu.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwakha ibhuloho, elizokuvumela ukuthi uhlanganise wonke amachweba abe yindawo eyodwa yokusebenza nawo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe. Leli bhuloho lisungulwa ngokulandelayo:

1. Isigaba esivulekile "Ibhuloho" bese uqhafaza "Faka okusha" noma ngaphezulu lapho usebenzisa i-Winbox.



2. Uzobona iwindi lokucushwa. Kuyo, shiya wonke amanani azenzakalelayo bese uqinisekisa ukwengeza kwebhuloho ngokuchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".



3. Esigabeni esifanayo, khulisa ithebhu "Amachweba" bese udala ipharamitha entsha.



4. Kumenyu yokuyihlela, chaza isikhombimsebenzisi "ether1" futhi usebenzise izilungiselelo.



5. Ngemuva kwalokho dala umthetho ofanayo, kuphela kulayini "Isixhumanisi" khombisa "wlan1".

Lokhu kuqeda inqubo yokusetha indawo yokuhlangana, manje usungaqhubeka nokusebenza nezinye izinto.

Ukusethwa kwentambo

Kulesi sigaba sokucushwa, uzodinga ukuxhumana nemibhalo enikezwe umhlinzeki ekupheleni kwenkontileka noma uthintane naye ngenombolo yocingo ukuthola ukunquma kwemingcele yokuxhuma. Imvamisa, umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-Intanethi ulungiselela izilungiselelo ezimbalwa ozifaka ku-firmware ye-router, kepha kwesinye isikhathi yonke imininingwane itholakala ngokuzenzakalelayo nge-protocol ye-DHCP. Kulesi simo, ukusetha kwenethiwekhi kuRouterOS kwenzeka ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Dala ikheli le-IP elimile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala ukhulise isigaba "IP", kuyo khetha isigaba "Amakheli" bese uqhafaza "Faka okusha".



2. Noma yiliphi ikheli elivumelekile likhethwe njenge-subnet, futhi kuma-Mikrotik routers inketho enhle kakhulu kungaba192.168.9.1/24, nasemugqeni "Isixhumanisi" chaza imbobo ukuxhumeka kuyo ikhebula evela kumhlinzeki. Uma usuqedile, chofoza KULUNGILE.



3. Musa ukushiya isigaba "IP"vele uye esigabeni "Iklayenti le-DHCP". Dala inketho lapha.



4. Njenge-Intanethi, chaza imbobo efanayo kusukela kukhebula lomhlinzeki bese uqinisekisa ukuqedwa kokudala.



5. Ngemuva kwalokho sibuyela ku "Amakheli" ubone ukuthi ngabe ukhona omunye umugqa onekheli le-IP. Uma yebo, ukucushwa kuphumelele.

Ngaphezulu, ubujwayele ukulungiselelwa kokuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha womhlinzeki ngomsebenzi we-DHCP, noma kunjalo, inani elikhulu lezinkampani linikeza leyo datha ngqo kumsebenzisi, ngakho-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi isethwe ngesandla. Imiyalo eyengeziwe izosiza ngalokhu:

1. Igayidi yangaphambilini ikukhombisile ukuthi ungawakha kanjani ikheli le-IP, ngakho-ke landela izinyathelo ezifanayo, futhi kumenyu evula ngezinketho, faka ikheli elinikezwe yi-ISP yakho bese umaka isibonisi lapho ikhebula le-Intanethi lixhumeke khona.



2. Manje engeza isango. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula isigaba "Imizila" bese uqhafaza "Faka okusha".



3. Kulayini "Isango" setha isango njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumadokhumenti asemthethweni, bese uqinisekisa ukwakhiwa komthetho omusha.



4. Imininingwane yesizinda itholakala kuseva ye-DNS. Ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zayo ezilungile, i-Intanethi ngeke isebenze. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni "IP" khetha isigatshana "DNS" setha lelo nani "Amaseva"kuboniswe kwisivumelwano bese uqhafaza "Faka isicelo".

Into yokugcina ukusetha ukuxhumana okungenantambo kuzobe kuhlela iseva ye-DHCP. Ivumela yonke imishini exhunyiwe ukuthola ngokuzenzakalelayo amapharamitha enethiwekhi, futhi ihlelwe ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa nje:

1. In "IP" vula imenyu "Iseva ye-DHCP" bese uchofoza inkinobho "Ukusethwa kwe-DHCP".



2. I-interface yokusebenza kweseva ingashiywa ingashintshiwe futhi ngokushesha iya kusinyathelo esilandelayo.

Okusele nje ukufaka ikheli le-DHCP elitholwe kumhlinzeki bese ugcine zonke izinguquko.

Isethaphu Yokungena Kwentambo engenantambo

Ngaphezu kokuxhumeka kwentambo, imodeli ye-router i-RB951G-2HnD futhi isekela iWi-Fi, kepha le modi kufanele ilungiswe kuqala. Yonke inqubo ilula:

1. Iya esigabeni "Awunantambo" bese uqhafaza "Faka okusha"ukwengeza indawo yokungena.



2. Yenza kusebenze iphuzu, faka igama laso, elizokhonjiswa ngalo kumenyu yezilungiselelo. Kulayini "SSID" setha igama lokuphikisana. Kuyo uzothola inethiwekhi yakho ngohlu lokuxhumana olutholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, esigabeni kukhona umsebenzi "WPS". Ukwenza kusebenze kwayo kwenza ukuthi kwenzeke ukuthi iqinisekiswe ngokushesha idivayisi ngokucindezela inkinobho eyodwa kuphela ku-router. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, chofoza KULUNGILE.



Bheka futhi: Yini futhi kungani udinga i-WPS ku-router

3. Iya kuthebhu "Iphrofayili Yezokuphepha"lapho kukhethwa khona imithetho yezokuphepha.



4. Faka iphrofayili entsha noma chofoza okwamanje ukuhlela.



5. Thayipha igama lephrofayili noma ulishiye njengejwayelekile. Kulayini "Imodi" khetha inketho "okhiye abanamandla"phawula izinto "I-WPA PSK" futhi "WPA2 PSK" (lezi zinhlobo ezethembeke kakhulu zokubethela). Banikeze amaphasiwedi amabili ngobude ubuncane bezinhlamvu eziyi-8, bese uqedela ukulungisa.

Lokhu kuqeda inqubo yokwakha indawo yokungena ngaphandle kwentambo; ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha i-router, kufanele isebenze ngokujwayelekile.

Izinketho zokuphepha

Impela yonke imithetho yokuphepha yenethiwekhi yeMikrotik isethwe ngesigaba "I-firewall". Inenombolo enkulu yezinqubomgomo, ezingezwe kanjena:

1. Isigaba esivulekile "I-firewall"lapho kukhonjiswa khona yonke imithetho ekhona Iya ukungeza ngokuchofoza "Faka okusha".



2. Izinqubomgomo ezidingekayo ezisethwe kumenyu, bese lezi zinguquko zigcinwa.

Lapha kunenombolo enkulu yemigwaqo ecashile nemithetho, okungadingeki njalo kumsebenzisi ophakathi. Sincoma ukufunda enye indatshana yethu kusixhumanisi esingezansi. Kuyo uzofunda imininingwane eningiliziwe mayelana nokusetha izinhlaka eziyisisekelo ze-firewall.

Funda kabanzi: Izilungiselelo ze-Firewall ku-Mikrotik router

Ukuqedwa kokusethwa

Kusalokhu kucatshangelwa ambalwa hhayi amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu, emva kwalokho inqubo yokucushwa kwe-router izoqedwa. Ekugcineni, udinga ukwenza lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Isigaba esivulekile "Uhlelo" bese ukhetha isigatshana "Abasebenzisi". Thola i-akhawunti yomqondisi ohlwini noma dala entsha.



2. Chaza iphrofayili kwelinye lamaqembu. Uma lokhu kungumphathi, kungakuhle ngokwengeziwe ukumnikeza inani "Kugcwele"bese uqhafaza "Iphasiwedi".



3. Thayipha iphasiwedi ukufinyelela i-web interface noma i-Winbox bese uyiqinisekisa.



4. Vula imenyu "Iwashi" bese usetha isikhathi nosuku ngqo. Lokhu kulungiselelwa akudingeki kuphela ekuqoqweni okujwayelekile kwezibalo, kodwa nokusebenza kahle kwemithetho ye-firewall.

Manje qala kabusha i-router futhi inqubo yokusetha isiqedile. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima ukuqonda lonke uhlelo olusebenzayo, noma kunjalo, wonke umuntu angabhekana nalokhu ngomzamo othile. Siyethemba ukuthi i-athikili yethu ikusize ukuthi usethe i-RB951G-2HnD, futhi uma unemibuzo, babuze kumazwana.