Abasebenzisi abaningi, ababhekene nesidingo sokusetha iklayenti elithile le-imeyili, bayabuza: "Ithini inqubo ye-imeyili." Ngempela, "ukwenza" uhlelo olunjalo lusebenze ngokujwayelekile, bese ulusebenzisa ngokunethezeka, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukukhetha okutholakalayo okufanele kukhethwe, futhi yimuphi umehluko wawo kwabanye. Imayelana nezinqubo ezilandelwa ngeposi, umgomo womsebenzi wabo nobubanzi, kanye neminye imiqondo ekuzoxoxwa ngayo kule ndatshana.
I-imeyili Protocol
Sekukonke, kunamazinga amathathu amukelwa ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukushintshana kwama-imeyili (ukuthumela nokuwathola) - lokhu yi-IMAP, POP3 ne-SMTP. Kukhona ne-HTTP, evame ukubizwa nge-web-mail, kepha ayinakho ukuxhumana okuqondile nesihloko sethu samanje. Ngezansi sibheka kabanzi imininingwane ngayinye yale protocol, ikhomba izici zayo nokuhlukahlukana okunokwenzeka, kepha okokuqala ake sichaze igama uqobo.
I-protocol ye-imeyili, ngolimi olulula futhi oluqondakala kakhulu, yukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukushintshaniswa kwezincwadi ze-elekthronikhi, okusho ukuthi, ngasiphi isikhathi nokuthi “imile” kanjani le ncwadi isuka kumthumeli iye kumamukeli.
I-SMTP (uHlelo Olulula Lokudlulisela Imeyili)
I-protocol elula yokudluliswa kwemeyili - le yindlela igama eliphelele le-SMTP elihunyushwa futhi lihlolwe ngayo. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthumela i-imeyili kumanethiwekhi afana ne-TCP / IP (ngokuqondile, i-TCP 25 isetshenziselwa imeyili ephumayo). Kukhona futhi okuhlukile “okusha” - i-ESMTP (enwetshiwe i-SMTP), eyamukelwa ngonyaka we-2008, yize ingahlukanisiwe neProtocol Yokudlulisela Imeyili manje.
I-protocol ye-SMTP isetshenziswa ngamaseva we-imeyili nabenzeli bobabili ngokuthumela nokwamukela izinhlamvu, kepha izinhlelo zamakhasimende eziqondiswe kubasebenzisi abajwayelekile ziyisebenzisa endaweni eyodwa kuphela - ukuthumela ama-imeyili kuseva ukuze kudluliselwe okulandelayo.
Iningi lezicelo ze-imeyili, kufaka phakathi iMozilla Thunderbird eyaziwayo, i-Bat!, IMicrosoft Outlook, isebenzisa i-POP noma i-IMAP ukuthola ama-imeyili, esizokhulunywa ngawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, iklayenti elivela kuMicrosoft (Outluk) lingasebenzisa umthetho olandelanayo ukuthola ukufinyelela kwi-akhawunti yomsebenzisi kuseva yalo, kepha lokhu sekungaphezu kwesihloko sesihloko sethu.
Bheka futhi: Izinkinga Zokuthola I-imeyili Thola Izinkinga
I-POP3 (I-Post Office Protocol Version 3)
Uhlobo lwesithathu lwephrothokholi yeposi (elihunyushwa lisuselwa esiNgisini) liyizinga lesicelo elisetshenziswa ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile zeklayenti ukuthola imeyili nge-server evela kude kuseva ngohlobo olufanayo lokuxhuma njengoba kwenzeka kuSMTP - TCP / IP. Ngokuqondile emsebenzini wayo, i-POP3 isebenzisa inombolo ye-port 110, noma kunjalo, esimweni sokuxhuma kwe-SSL / TLS, 995 isetshenzisiwe.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yile protocol yeposi (njengommeleli olandelayo wohlu lwethu) esetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhishwa imeyili ngqo. Kancane, lokhu kuvunyelwe iqiniso lokuthi i-POP3, kanye ne-IMAP, ayesekelwa ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile zokuthumela ama-mailer kuphela, kepha futhi zisetshenziswa ngabanikezeli abaholayo bezinsizakalo ezifanele - i-Gmail, Yahoo !, Hotmail, njll.
Qaphela: Izinga kwinkambu yinguqulo yesithathu yale protocol. Eyokuqala neyesibili eyandulelayo (i-POP, i-POP2, ngokulandelana) namuhla ithathwa njengengasebenzi.
Bheka futhi: Ilungiselela imeyili ye-GMail kwiklayenti leposi
I-IMAP (uHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye-Inthanethi)
Le protocol yesendlalelo sohlelo lokusebenza esetshenziselwa ukufinyelela imbalelwano kagesi. Njengamazinga okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla, i-IMAP isuselwa kunqubo yokuhamba ye-TCP, kanti i-port 143 (noma 993 yokuxhuma kwe-SSL / TLS) isetshenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi eyabelwe yona.
Empeleni, yi-Internet Message Access Protocol enikeza amathuba amaningi kakhulu wokusebenza ngezinhlamvu namabhokisi eposi aqondile aseseva ephakathi. Uhlelo lokusebenza lwekhasimende olusebenzisa le protocol yomsebenzi wayo lunokufinyelela okugcwele kokuxhumana nge-elekthronikhi njengokungathi alugcinwanga kuseva, kodwa kukhompyutha yomsebenzisi.
I-IMAP ikuvumela ukuthi wenze zonke izinto ezidingekayo ngezinhlamvu kanye nebhokisi (ama) ngqo kwi-PC ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthumela amafayela anamathiselwe nokuqukethwe kombhalo kwiseva futhi ukwamukele. I-POP3 ebhekwe ngenhla, njengoba sesibonisile, isebenza ngandlela thile, "ukudonsa" idatha edingekayo lapho kuxhuma.
Funda futhi: Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngokuthumela ama-imeyili
I-HTTP
Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwendatshana, i-HTTP yisivumelwano esingahloselwe ukuxhumana nge-imeyili. Ngasikhathi sinye, singasetshenziswa ukufinyelela ibhokisi leposi, ukuqamba (kepha singathumeli) futhi sithola ama-imeyili. Okusho ukuthi, lenza kuphela ingxenye yemisebenzi ebonakala yamazinga eposi okuxoxwe ngawo ngenhla. Futhi nokho, noma kunjalo, ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-webmail. Mhlawumbe iqhaza elithile kulokhu lidlalwe yinsizakalo eyake yathandwa yiHotmail, esebenzisa i-HTTP.
Ukukhetha Protocol ye-imeyili
Ngakho-ke, njengoba sesizijwayezile ukuthi ziyini protocol ngalinye leposi elikhona, singakwazi ukuqhubeka ngokuphephile ekukhetheni okuqondile kwalona elifanele kunazo zonke. I-HTTP, ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngenhla, ayinasisekelo kulo mongo, futhi i-SMTP igxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngaphandle kwalezo umsebenzisi ojwayelekile azibeka phambili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuziwa ekuhleleni nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kweklayenti leposi, kufanele ukhethe phakathi kwe-POP3 ne-IMAP.
UHlelo Lokungena Emibikweni Ye-Inthanethi (IMAP)
Esimweni lapho ufuna ukufinyelela ngokushesha kubo bonke, noma kungeyona i-electronic yamanje, sincoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ukhethe i-IMAP. Izinzuzo zale protocol zibandakanya ukuvumelanisa okumisiwe okukuvumela ukuthi usebenze ngemeyili kumadivayisi ahlukile - ngasikhathi sinye nangokulandelana kokubekwa phambili, ukuze izinhlamvu ezidingekayo zihlale ziseduze. Ububi obukhulu be-Inthanethi Protocol Protocol buvela ezicini zomsebenzi wawo futhi ukugcwaliswa okusheshayo kwesikhala sediski.
I-IMAP futhi inezinye izinzuzo ezibalulekile ngokulinganayo - ikuvumela ukuthi uhlelele izinhlamvu ngokuthumela ngokulandelana kobukhosi, wakhe izinkomba ezihlukile futhi ubeke nemiyalezo lapho, okungukuthi, uyihlunge. Ngenxa yalokhu, kulula kakhulu ukuhlela umsebenzi osebenzayo futhi onethezekile ngokubhalelana ngogesi. Kodwa-ke, enye i-drawback eyodwa ivela emsebenzini omuhle kangaka - kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yamahhala yediski, kunomthwalo owandayo ku-processor ne-RAM. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu kuyabonakala kuphela kwinqubo yokuvumelanisa, nakumadivayisi wamandla aphansi kuphela.
IProtocol yePosi le-3 (POP3)
I-POP3 ilungele ukusetha iklayenti le-imeyili uma indima eyinhloko idlalwa ukutholakala kwendawo yamahhala kuseva (idrayivu) nesivinini esiphezulu. Kubalulekile ukuqonda okulandelayo: ukumisa okukhethile kule protocol, uzenqabele ukuvumelanisa phakathi kwamadivayisi. Okusho ukuthi, uma ngabe uthole, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlamvu ezintathu ezedivaysi engu-1 futhi wazimaka ukuthi zifundwe, khona-ke edivayisini uNo 2, futhi osebenzisa iPostocol Protocol 3, ngeke amakwe njengalokhu.
Izinzuzo ze-POP3 azibandakanyi nje ekusindiseni isikhala sediski, kepha futhi lapho kungekho khona umthwalo omncane kakhulu ku-CPU naku-RAM. Le protocol, kungakhathalekile ikhwalithi yokuxhumeka kwe-Intanethi, ikuvumela ukuthi ulande wonke ama-imeyili, okungukuthi, konke okuqukethwe kombhalo nezinamathiselo. Yebo, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela uma uxhuma, kepha i-IMAP esebenza kahle, kuncike kumkhawulo wethrafikhi noma ijubane eliphansi, izolanda imiyalezo kuphela, noma ibonise izihloko zayo kuphela, futhi ishiye okuningi okuqukethwe kuseva ”kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono”.
Isiphetho
Kulesi sihloko sizame ukunikeza impendulo eningilizayo futhi eqondakalayo yombuzo wokuthi iyini inqubo ye-imeyili. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kukhona ezine zazo, zimbili kuphela ezithakazelayo kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile - i-IMAP ne-POP3. Abokuqala bazothakazelisa labo abajwayele ukusebenzisa imeyili evela kumadivaysi ahlukile, bakwazi ukufinyelela ngokushesha kuzo zonke izinhlamvu (noma ezidingekayo), bazihlelele futhi bazihlelele. Okwesibili kugxilwe kakhulu - kushesha emsebenzini, kepha akukuvumeli ukukuhlelela kumadivayisi amaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
