Ibhodi lomama likuyo yonke ikhompyutha futhi lingenye yezakhi zalo eziphambili. Ezinye izinto zangaphakathi nangaphandle zixhunyiwe kukho, zakha uhlelo lonke. Ingxenye okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla iqoqo lama-chips nezixhumi ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala kwiphalethi efanayo futhi ixhunyiwe. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngemininingwane esemqoka yebhodi lomama.
Bheka futhi: Ukukhetha i-motherboard yekhompyutha
Izingxenye Zekhompyutha Yasekhompyutheni
Cishe wonke umsebenzisi uyayiqonda indima yebhodi lomama kwi-PC, kepha kunamaqiniso okungewona wonke umuntu owaziyo ngawo. Sincoma ukuthi ufunde esinye isihloko sethu kusixhumanisi esingezansi ukuze ufunde lesi sihloko ngokuningiliziwe, kepha sizoqhubeka nokuhlaziywa kwezakhi.
Funda kabanzi: Indima yebhodi lomama ekhompyutheni
Chipset
Kufanele uqale ngokuhlangana nento - i-chipset. Isakhiwo saso sinezinhlobo ezimbili, ezihlukile ebudlelwaneni bamabhuloho. Ibhuloho elisenyakatho naseningizimu lingahamba ngokwehlukana noma lihlanganiswe ohlelweni olulodwa. Ngayinye yayo inezilawuli ezinhlobonhlobo ezigibela ibhodi, ngokwesibonelo, ibhuloho eliseningizimu lihlinzeka ngokuxhumeka kwemishini yokuphelela, iqukethe abalawuli be-hard disk. Ibhuloho elisenyakatho lisebenza njengento ehlanganisa iprosesa, ikhadi lehluzo, i-RAM nezinto eziphansi kwebhuloho eliseningizimu.
Ngaphezulu, sinikeze ukuxhumana kusihloko esithi "Ungayikhetha kanjani i-motherboard." Kuyo, ungazijwayeza imininingwane yokuguqulwa kanye nokwehluka kwama-chipsets kusuka kubakhiqizi abathandwayo bezinto.
Isisekelo somprosesa
Isokisi lomprosesa isixhumi lapho le ngxenye ifakiwe khona. Manje abakhiqizi abaphambili bama-CPU yi-AMD ne-Intel, ngayinye yayo eye yathuthukisa izisekelo ezingejwayelekile, ngakho-ke imodeli yebhodi lomama ikhethiwe ngokusekelwe ku-CPU ekhethiwe. Ngokuqondene nesixhumi ngokwaso, siyisikwele esincane esinezikhonkwane eziningi. Ukusuka phezulu, isokhethi limbozwe ngepuleti yensimbi ephethe ubamba - lokhu kusiza iprosesa ukuthi lihlale kulokho okukhona.
Bheka futhi: Ukufaka iprosesa ebhodini lomama
Imvamisa, isokisi le-CPU_FAN lokuxhuma amandla apholile liseduze, futhi kunezimbobo ezine zokufaka ebhodini uqobo.
Bheka futhi: Ukufaka nokukhipha iprosesa epholile
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamasokhethi, eziningi zazo azihambelani, ngoba zinokuxhumana okuhlukile nezici zefomu. Funda ukuthi ungasithola kanjani lesi sici kwezinye izinto zethu kusixhumanisi esingezansi.
Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Thola isokhethi lokuprosesa
Thola isokhethi lebhodi
PCI kanye PCI-Express
I-PCI efingqiwe idonswe ngokoqobo futhi ihunyushwe njengokuxhumeka kwezingxenye zekhompiyutha. Leli gama lanikezwa ibhasi elihambisanayo ebhodini lesistimu yekhompyutha. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukufakwa nokukhipha imininingwane. Kunokuguqulwa okuningana kwe-PCI, ngayinye yayo ihlukile kububanzi besikhathi esiphakeme, i-voltage kanye ne-form factor. Ama-tuners we-TV, amakhadi omsindo, ama-adaptha we-SATA, amamodemu namakhadi wevidiyo amadala axhunyiwe kulesi sixhumi. I-PCI-Express isebenzisa kuphela imodeli yesoftware ye-PCI, kepha iyintuthuko entsha eklanyelwe ukuxhuma amadivaysi amaningi anzima. Ngokuya ngesici sefomu, amakhadi wevidiyo, ama-SSD, ama-adaptha enethiwekhi engenantambo, amakhadi womsindo ochwepheshe, nokunye okuningi kuxhunyiwe kukho.
Inani le-PCI ne-PCI-E Slots kumabhodi we-mama liyehluka. Lapho uyikhetha, udinga ukunaka incazelo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi unezigcawu ezidingekayo.
Funda futhi:
Sixhuma ikhadi le-video kubhodi ye-PC
Khetha ikhadi lemifanekiso lebhodi lomama
Izixhumi ze-RAM
Slots ze-RAM zibizwa ngama-DIMM. Onke amakhodi wesimanje wesimanjemanje asebenzisa le nto ifomu. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zazo, ziyahlukahluka ngenombolo yoxhumana nabo futhi azihambelani. Oxhumana nabo abaningi, okusha ipuleti ye-RAM kufakiwe kusixhumi esinjalo. Okwamanje, ukuguqulwa kwe-DDR4 kufanelekile. Njengasesimweni se-PCI, inani le-DIMM Slots kumamodeli webhodi lomama lihlukile. Kaningi kunezinketho ezinezixhumi ezimbili noma ezine, ezikuvumela ukuthi usebenze kumodi yesiteshi ezimbili noma ezine.
Funda futhi:
Faka amamojula we-RAM
Ihlola ukuhambisana kwe-RAM kanye ne-motherboard
I-BIOS chip
Abasebenzisi abaningi bajwayelana ne-BIOS. Kodwa-ke, uma kungokokuqala ngqa ukuzwa ngomqondo onjalo, sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze nokunye ukwaziswa ngalesi sihloko, ozokuthola kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Funda kabanzi: Yini i-BIOS
Ikhodi ye-BIOS itholakala ku-chip ehlukile ebekwe phezu kwebhodi lomama. Ibizwa nge-EEPROM. Lolu hlobo lwenkumbulo luxhasa i-erasure amaningi nokuqoshwa kwedatha, kepha linomthamo omncane. Esikrinini esingezansi, ungabona ukuthi i-chip ye-BIOS kubhodi yomama ibukeka kanjani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanani wepharamitha we-BIOS agcinwa ku-chip memory memory enamandla ebizwa nge-CMOS. Futhi iqopha ukucushwa okuthile kwekhompyutha. Le nto inikwa amandla ngebhethri elihlukile, ukufaka esikhundleni salo okuholela ekusethweni kabusha kwezilungiselelo ze-BIOS kuzilungiselelo zefekthri.
Bheka futhi: Ukushintsha ibhethri kubhodi
Izixhumi ze-SATA ne-IDE
Phambilini, imishini yokushayela kanzima kanye nokushayela okuxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi bekuxhunywe kwikhompyutha kusetshenziswa i-IDE interface (i-ATA) etholakala kubhodi yomama.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxhuma idrayivu kubhodi yomama
Manje okuvame kakhulu ukuxhuma kwe-SATA kwezibuyekezo ezahlukahlukene, ezihluka kakhulu phakathi kwazo ngejubane lokudluliswa kwedatha. Izindawo zokuxhumana ezibhekwayo zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amadivayisi wokugcina imininingwane (i-HDD noma i-SSD). Lapho ukhetha izingxenye, kubalulekile ukubheka inani lamachweba anjalo ebhodini lomama, ngoba lingaqhamuka ezingcebeni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
Funda futhi:
Izindlela zokuxhuma i-hard drive yesibili kukhompyutha
Sixhuma i-SSD kwikhompyutha noma kwi-laptop
Izixhumi zamandla
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zokubekelwa engxenyeni engaphansi kokubhekwa, kukhona izixhumi ezahlukahlukene zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla. Okukhulu kakhulu kunakho konke ethekwini lebhodi lomama uqobo. Intambo evela kumandla kagesi inamathele lapho, iqinisekisa ukulethwa ngogesi okuyikho kwazo zonke ezinye izinto.
Funda kabanzi: Xhuma ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ebhodini lomama
Wonke amakhompyutha asesimweni, futhi anezinkinobho ezahlukahlukene, izinkomba nezixhumi. Amandla abo axhumekile koxhumana nabo abahlukene beFont Panel.
Bheka futhi: Ukuxhuma iphaneli yangaphambili kubhodi ye-mama
Kuboniswe ngokwahlukeneyo i-USB interface jacks. Imvamisa banabothintana abayisishiyagalolunye noma abalishumi. Ukuxhumana kwabo kungahluka, ngakho-ke funda ngokucophelela imiyalo ngaphambi kokuqala komhlangano.
Funda futhi:
Iphini yezixhumi zebhodi yomama
Oxhumana nabo be-PWR_FAN ebhodini lomama
Izindawo zangaphandle
Yonke imishini yekhompiyutha ixhumeke ebhodini lesistimu isebenzisa izixhumi ezizinikezele. Ephepheni eliseceleni lekhadibhodi, ungabuka izindawo ezixhunyaniswa nge-USB, imbobo ye-serial, i-VGA, i-Ethernet port port, ukuphuma kwe-acoustic kanye nokufaka lapho kufakwa khona ikhebula kusuka kumakrofoni, ama-headphone nezikhulumi. Kumodeli ngayinye yezakhi, iqoqo lezixhumi lihlukile.
Sihlole ngokuningiliziwe izingxenye eziphambili zebhodi lomama. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, iphaneli inezinto eziningi zokubamba, ama-microcircuits nezixhumi zamandla okuxhuma, izakhi zangaphakathi nemishini yangaphakathi. Siyethemba ukuthi imininingwane enikezwe ngenhla ikusize ukuthi uqonde ukwakheka kwale ngxenye ye-PC.
Funda futhi:
Yini okufanele uyenze uma i-motherboard ingaqali
Vula i-motherboard ngaphandle kwenkinobho
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwebhodi lomama
Imiyalo yokufaka esikhundleni sama-capacitors kubhodi yomama
