Amagciwane, ama-Trojans, nezinye izinhlobo ze-malware ayinkinga enkulu nejwayelekile yesikhulumi seWindows. Ngisho nohlelo lwakamuva olusebenzayo lweWindows 8 (no-8.1), yize kwenziwe ngcono okuningi kwezokuphepha, awuphephile kulokhu.
Futhi kuthiwani ngezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo? Ingabe akhona amagciwane ku-Apple Mac OS? Kumadivayisi eselula e-Android ne-iOS? Kungenzeka yini ukubamba i-Trojan uma usebenzisa i-Linux? Ngizokhuluma kafushane ngakho konke lokhu okukulesi sihloko.
Kungani kukhona amagciwane amaningi ku-Windows?
Akuwona wonke ama-malware aqondiswe ku-Windows, kodwa iningi lawo. Isizathu sokuqala salokhu ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi nokuthandwa kwalolu hlelo olusebenzayo, kepha akusona ukuphela kwesici. Kusukela ekuqaleni kokuthuthuka kweWindows, ukuphepha bekungeyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-UNIX. Futhi zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithandwayo, ngaphandle kweWindows, zine-UNIX njengandulelayo wazo.
Njengamanje, maqondana nokufakwa kwezinhlelo, iWindows isungule imodeli yokuziphatha eyinqayizivele: izinhlelo ziseshwa emithonjeni ehlukahlukene (kaningi engathembekile) kwi-Intanethi futhi ifakiwe, kanti ezinye izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zinezindawo zazo zezentengiso eziphakathi nendawo futhi eziphephile lapho ukufakwa kwezinhlelo ezifakazelwe kwenzeka khona.
Abantu abaningi bafaka izinhlelo ku-Windows, amagciwane amaningi
Yebo, isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza sivele futhi kuWindows 8 kanye no-8.1, kepha umsebenzisi uyaqhubeka nokulanda izinhlelo ezidingekayo kakhulu nezijwayelekile ze “desktop” emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.
Ingabe akhona amagciwane e-Apple Mac OS X
Njengoba sekushiwo, iningi le-malware lenzelwe iWindows futhi alikwazi ukusebenzisa iMac. Yize amagciwane evame kakhulu kuma-Mac, akhona. Ukutheleleka kungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, nge-plug-in yeJava esipheqululini (yingakho ingafakwanga ekulethweni kwe-OS muva nje), lapho kufakwa izinhlelo ezigenile, nangezinye izindlela.
Izinguqulo zakamuva zeMac OS X zisebenzisa isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza lweMac ukufaka izinhlelo. Uma umsebenzisi edinga uhlelo, khona-ke angaluthola esitolo sezicelo futhi aqiniseke ukuthi alunayo ikhodi enobungozi noma amagciwane. Ukusesha eminye imithombo ku-inthanethi akudingekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo olusebenzayo lubandakanya ubuchwepheshe obunjengokuthola iGatekeeper ne-XProtect, eyokuqala yalo ingavumeli izinhlelo ezingasayiniwa kahle ukuthi zisebenze kwi-Mac, kanti eyesibili iyi-analog ye-antivirus, ebheka ukusebenza kwamagciwane.
Ngakho-ke, kukhona ama-virus we-Mac, kepha avela kancane kakhulu kune-Windows futhi amathuba okutheleleka aphansi, ngenxa yokusebenzisa ezinye izimiso lapho kufakwa izinhlelo.
Amagciwane e-android
Ama-virus nama-malware we-Android akhona, kanye nama-antiviruse alolu hlelo lokusebenza lweselula. Noma kunjalo, khumbula iqiniso lokuthi i-Android iyipulatifomu evikeleke kakhulu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ungafaka izinhlelo zokusebenza kusuka ku-Google Play kuphela, ngaphezu kwalokho, isitolo sohlelo lokusebenza uqobo sisoqa izinhlelo zokuba khona kwekhodi ye-virus (muva nje).
I-Google Play - Isitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Android
Umsebenzisi uyakwazi ukukhubaza ukufakwa kwezinhlelo kusuka ku-Google Play kuphela futhi azilande emithonjeni evela eceleni, kepha lapho ufaka i-Android 4.2 nangaphezulu, uzokunikeza ukuskena umdlalo noma uhlelo olilayishile.
Ngamagama ajwayelekile, uma ungeyena omunye wabasebenzisi abalanda izinhlelo ezangena kuma-Android, kodwa usebenzise i-Google Play kuphela kulokhu, uvikeleke kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, izitolo zohlelo lokusebenza ze-Samsung, Opera, ne-Amazon ziphephile. Ungafunda kabanzi ngalesi sihloko esihlokweni esithi Ngabe ngidinga i-antivirus ye-Android.
Amadivayisi we-IOS - akhona amagciwane ku-iPhone naku-iPad
I-Apple iOS ivaliwe kakhulu kune-Mac OS noma i-Android. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa i-iPhone, i-iPod Touch noma i-iPad nokulanda izinhlelo zokusebenza ku-Apple App Store, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ulande leli gciwane kucishe kube yi-zero, ngenxa yokuthi lesi sitolo sohlelo lokusebenza sifunwa kakhulu konjiniyela futhi uhlelo ngalunye luhlolwa ngesandla.
Ehlobo lika-2013, njengengxenye yocwaningo (Georgia Institute of Technology), kwaboniswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudlule inqubo yokuqinisekisa lapho kushicilelwa uhlelo lokusebenza esitolo se-App futhi kufaka nekhodi enonya kulo. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe lokhu kwenzeka, ngokushesha lapho kutholakala isisongelo, i-Apple inamandla okususa yonke i-malware kuwo wonke amadivayisi asebenzisa abasebenzisi be-Apple iOS. Ngendlela, ngokufanayo, i-Microsoft ne-Google zingakhipha izinhlelo ezikude ezifakwe ezitolo zazo.
I-Malware ye-Linux
Abadali be-Virus abasebenza ngempela ekuqondeni kweLinux, ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlelo olusetshenziswayo lusetshenziswa inani elincane labasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasebenzisi abaningi be-Linux banolwazi olukhulu kunomnikazi wekhompyutha ojwayelekile, futhi izindlela eziningi zokusabalalisa malware ezingasho lutho ngeke zisebenze nabo.
Njengasezinsizeni ezisebenzayo ezichazwe ngenhla, ezimeni eziningi, kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwesitolo sokufaka ukufaka ama-Linux - umphathi wephakheji, Isikhungo Sokusebenza Ubuntu (Ubuntu Software Center) kanye nezindawo ezifakiwe ezifakazelwe zalezi zicelo. Ngeke kusebenze ukwethula ama-virus enzelwe iWindows kwi-Linux, futhi noma ngabe wenza lokhu (ngombono, unga), ngeke kusebenze futhi kwakha ukulimala.
Ukufaka Izinhlelo ku-Ubuntu Linux
Kepha kusekhona amagciwane weLinux. Into enzima kakhulu ukubathola futhi ungenwe yileli gciwane, ngoba lokhu, okungenani, udinga ukulanda uhlelo kusuka kwisiza esingaqondakali (futhi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi luqukethe i-virus lincane) noma ulithole nge-imeyili bese uyayiqhuba, uqinisekisa izinhloso zakho. Ngamanye amagama, kungenzeka njengezifo zase-Afrika lapho kusendaweni ephakathi neRussia.
Ngicabanga ukuthi ngikwazile ukuphendula imibuzo yakho mayelana nokuba khona kwamagciwane ezisekelweni ezahlukahlukene. Ngizoqaphela futhi ukuthi uma une-Chromebook noma ithebhulethi ene-Windows RT, uvikelekile cishe nge-100% (ngaphandle kokuthi uqale ukufaka izandiso ze-Chrome ngaphandle komthombo osemthethweni).
Bukela ukuphepha kwakho.
