Imvamisa, abasebenzisi bane-drive eyodwa yangaphakathi kukhompyutha yabo. Lapho uqala ukufaka isistimu yokusebenza, iphuka ibe inombolo ethile yokuhlukaniswa. IVolumu ngayinye enengqondo inesibopho sokugcina imininingwane ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingafomethwa ezinhlelweni ezihlukile zefayela futhi ibe yodwa kulezi zakhiwo ezimbili. Okulandelayo, singathanda ukuchaza ukwakheka kwesoftware yediski eningilizayo ngokuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngokuqondene nemingcele yomzimba - i-HDD iqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezihlanganiswe ohlelweni olulodwa. Uma ufuna ukuthola imininingwane eningisi ngalesi sihloko, sincoma ukuthi ubheke ezintweni zethu ezihlukile kusixhumanisi esilandelayo, futhi sizoqhubeka nokuhlaziya ingxenye yesoftware.
Bheka futhi: Iqukethe idiski enzima kanjani
Ukubhala okujwayelekile
Lapho ukwahlukanisa idiski elikhuni, incwadi ezenzakalelayo yevolumu yohlelo COkwesibili - D. Izincwadi A futhi B yeqiwe ngoba amadiski amafloppy amafomethi ahlukene aqokwa ngale ndlela. Uma ivolumu yesibili yediski kanzima ilahlekile, incwadi D kuzokhonjiswa iDVD drive.
Umsebenzisi ngokwakhe uhlukanisa i-HDD ibe yizingxenye, abanikeze noma yiziphi izinhlamvu ezitholakalayo. Ngemininingwane yokuthi ungakudala kanjani ukwahlukana okunjalo ngesandla, funda enye indatshana yethu kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Izindlela ezi-3 zokuhlukanisa idrayivu yakho
Izindlela zokususa ama-hard drive partitions
Izakhiwo ze-MBR ne-GPT
Ngamavolumu nezigaba, konke kulula kakhulu, kepha kukhona nezakhiwo. Isampula elidala elinengqondo libizwa ngokuthi i-MBR (Master Boot Record), bese lithathelwa indawo yi-GPT (GUID Partition Table) ethuthukisiwe. Masihlale esakhiweni ngasinye futhi sibabheke ngemininingwane.
MBR
Ukushayela ngesakhiwo se-MBR kuthathelwa kancane kancane yi-GPT, kepha kusathandwa futhi kusetshenziswa kumakhompyutha amaningi. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-Master Boot Record ingumkhakha wokuqala we-512-byte HDD, ugciniwe futhi awuzange ubhalwe phansi. Lesi sigaba sinesibopho sokuqala i-OS. Isakhiwo esinjalo silula ngoba sikuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise kalula idrayivu ebonakalayo ibe izingxenye. Umgomo wokuqala idiski nge-MBR unje ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- Lapho uhlelo luqala, i-BIOS ifinyelela umkhakha wokuqala futhi iwunikeze ukulawulwa okwengeziwe. Lo mkhakha unekhodi
0000: 7C00h. - Amabhayithi amane alandelayo anesibopho sokunquma idiski.
- Okulandelayo, ukushintshela ku
01BEh- Amatafula evolumu ye-HDD. Esikrinini esingezansi ungabona incazelo yokufundwa komkhakha wokuqala.
Manje njengoba ukuhlukaniswa kwe-disk sekufinyelelwe, udinga ukuthola indawo esebenzayo lapho i-OS izoqala khona. I-Byte yokuqala kuleli phethini efundayo ichaza isigaba esifunekayo sokuqala. Okulandelayo khetha inombolo yekhanda ukuqala ukulayisha, isilinda nenombolo yomkhakha, kanye nenombolo yemikhakha evolumu. I-oda lokufunda liboniswa esithombeni esilandelayo.
Ukuxhumanisa kwendawo irekhodi lokugcina lesigaba sobuchwepheshe elibhekwayo kuyabhekelela ubuchwepheshe be-CHS (Cylinder Head Sector). Ifunda inombolo yesilinda, amakhanda kanye nemikhakha. Izinombolo zezingxenye ezishiwo ziqala ngokuqala 0, kanye nemikhakha nge 1. Kungokufunda zonke lezi zixhumanisi ukuthi ukwahlukanisa okunengqondo kwe-hard drive kunqunywe.
Ububi balesi simiso kukheli elinomkhawulo senani ledatha. Okusho ukuthi, ngesikhathi senguqulo yokuqala ye-CHS, ukwahlukaniswa kungaba namandla aphezulu we-8 GB, okuyiqiniso, kungekudala ayeka ukuba anele. Ikheli le-LBA (Logical block Addressing), lapho kwahlelwa khona uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo, Kuze kufike kuma-Drives Drives afika ku-2 manje. I-LBA ithuthukisiwe futhi, kepha izinguquko zithinte i-GPT kuphela.
Sisebenzelane ngempumelelo nemikhakha yokuqala neyalandela. Kepha okokugcina, nakho kubekiwe, kubizwaAA55futhi unesibopho sokubheka i-MBR ngobuqotho nokutholakala kolwazi oludingekayo.
I-GPT
Ubuchwepheshe be-MBR babunamaphutha nokulinganiselwa okuningi okwakungakwazi ukunikeza umsebenzi ngamanani amakhulu wedatha. Ukuyilungisa noma ukuyiguqula bekungasho lutho, ngakho-ke kanye nokukhululwa kwe-UEFI, abasebenzisi bafunde ngesakhiwo esisha se-GPT. Yadalwa icubungula ukwanda okungapheli kwevolumu yokushayela nezinguquko emsebenzini we-PC, ngakho-ke okwamanje lesi yisixazululo esithuthuke kakhulu. Ihluke ku-MBR ngamapharamitha anjengalawa:
- Ukuntuleka kwezixhumanisi ze-CHS; kusebenza kuphela ngenguqulo eguquliwe ye-LBA esekelwa;
- I-GPT igcina amakhophi ayo uqobo ku-drive - enye ekuqaleni kwediski nelinye ekugcineni. Lesi sixazululo sizovumela ukukhulisa lo mkhakha ngekhophi eligcinwe uma kwenzeka kulimala;
- Idivaysi yesakhiwo yenziwe kabusha, esizokhuluma ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi;
- Unhlokweni luqinisekisiwe kusetshenziswa i-UEFI kusetshenziswa isheke.
Bheka futhi: Ukulungisa iphutha le-CRC ye-hard disk
Manje ngithanda ukukhuluma kabanzi ngemigomo yokusebenza kwalesi sakhiwo. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ubuchwepheshe be-LBA buyasetshenziswa lapha, okuzokuvumela ukuthi usebenze kalula ngamadiski wanoma yisiphi isayizi, futhi ngokuzayo wandise ububanzi besenzo uma kunesidingo.
Bheka futhi: Kusho ukuthini imibala ye-Western Digital Drives hard?
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi umkhakha we-MBR kwi-GPT nawo ukhona, ungowokuqala futhi unosayizi omncane. Kuyadingeka ekusebenzeni okulungile kwe-HDD ngezakhi ezindala, futhi futhi akuvumeli izinhlelo ezingayazi i-GPT ukuthi ichithe isakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, lo mkhakha ubizwa ngokuthi wokuvikela. Okulandelayo kungumkhakha ongama-32, 48 noma ama-bits ngosayizi, obhekele ukwahlukanisa, ubizwa ngokuthi yi-Gyp header. Ngemuva kwale mikhakha emibili, okuqukethwe kufundwe, uhlelo lwevolumu lwesibili, bese ikhophi ye-GPT ivala konke lokhu. Isakhiwo esigcwele sikhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Lolu lwazi olujwayelekile olungaba nentshisekelo kumsebenzisi ophakathi ophela. Ngaphezu kwalokho - lokhu kungukungabonakali komsebenzi womkhakha ngamunye, futhi le mininingwane ayisasebenzi kumsebenzisi ophakathi. Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kwe-GPT noma i-MBR - ungafunda esinye isihloko sethu, esixoxa ngokukhethwa kwesakhiwo seWindows 7.
Bheka futhi: Ukukhetha i-GPT noma i-MBR Disk Structure yokusebenza ngeWindows 7
Ngingathanda futhi ukungeza ukuthi i-GPT iyindlela engcono, futhi ngokuzayo, kunoma ikuphi, kuzofanela ushintshele ekusebenzeni nabaphathi besakhiwo esinjalo.
Bheka futhi: Amadiski kazibuthe ahluke kanjani Drives state-solid
Amasistimu wefayela nokufomatha
Ekhuluma ngesakhiwo esinengqondo se-HDD, umuntu ngeke asho kuphela izinqubo zefayela ezitholakalayo. Yebo, ziningi zazo, kepha singathanda ukuhlala ezinhlamvwini zama-OS amabili, abasebenzisi bawo abavame ukusebenza kuwo. Uma ikhompyutha ingakwazi ukubona uhlelo lwefayela, i-hard drive ithola ifomethi ye-RAW futhi iboniswe ku-OS kuyo. Ukulungiswa kwezandla zale nkinga kuyatholakala. Siphakamisa ukuthi uzijwayeze imininingwane yalo msebenzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Funda futhi:
Izindlela zokulungisa ifomethi ye-RAW yemidlalo yokushayela ye-HDD
Kungani ikhompyutha ingaboni i-hard drive
IWindows
- Fat32. IMicrosoft iqale ukukhiqiza amasistimu wefayela nge-FAT, ngokuzayo lobu buchopho buye benza izinguquko eziningi, futhi inguqulo yakamuva okwamanje yiFAT32. Ubuntu bayo bungamaqiniso wokuthi ayakhelwanga ukucubungula kanye nokugcina amafayela amakhulu, futhi kuzoba yinkinga impela ukufaka izinhlelo ezisindayo kukho. Kodwa-ke, i-FAT32 isendaweni yonke, futhi lapho kudalwa i-hard drive yangaphandle, iyasetshenziswa ukuze amafayela agcinwe afundwe kunoma iyiphi iTV noma isidlali.
- NTFS. IMicrosoft yethule i-NTFS ukuthi izongena esikhundleni iFAT32 ngokuphelele. Manje lolu hlelo lwefayela lusekelwa yizo zonke izinhlobo zeWindows, kusukela ku-XP, lusebenza kahle naku-Linux, noma kunjalo kwi-Mac OS ungafunda ulwazi kuphela, ungabhali lutho. I-NTFS ihlukaniswa yiqiniso ukuthi ayinayo imikhawulo ngosayizi wamafayela aqoshiwe, ikhuphule ukusekelwa kwamafomethi ahlukahlukene, amandla okucindezela ukuhlukaniswa okunengqondo futhi ibuyiselwa kalula ngaphansi komonakalo ohlukahlukene. Zonke ezinye izinhlelo zefayili zilungele kakhulu imidiya encane ekhiphekayo futhi akuvamile ukuthi zisetshenziswe kuma-hard drive, ngakho-ke ngeke sizicabangele kule ndatshana.
I-Linux
Sithole uhlelo lwefayela leWindows. Ngingathanda ukugxila ezinhlotsheni ezisekelwayo ku-Linux OS, ngoba iyathandwa futhi phakathi kwabasebenzisi. I-Linux isekela ukusebenza nazo zonke izinhlelo zefayela leWindows, kepha kuyanconywa ukufaka i-OS uqobo kuFS eklanywe ngokukhethekile. Kuyajabulisa ukuqaphela izinhlobo ezinjalo:
- Izengezo iba uhlelo lokuqala lwefayela le-Linux. Inokulinganiselwa kwayo, ngokwesibonelo, usayizi wefayela omkhulu awukwazi ukudlula i-2 GB, futhi igama lawo kufanele libe kuhlu ukusuka ku-1 kuye ku-255 izinhlamvu.
- I-Ext3 futhi I-Ext4. Kweqa izinhlobo ezimbili zangaphambilini ze-Ext, ngoba manje azisebenzi ngokuphelele. Sizokhuluma kuphela ngezinguqulo zanamuhla noma ezingaphansi kakhulu. Isici sale FS ukuthi isekela izinto zize zifike terabyte eyodwa ngosayizi, noma i-Ext3 ingazange isekele izinto ezikhudlwana kune-2 GB lapho isebenza kernel yakudala. Okunye okuwukusekelwa kwesoftware yokufunda ebhalwe ngaphansi kweWindows. Okulandelayo kweza i-FS Ext4 entsha, evumela ukuthi kugcinwe amafayela aze afike ku-16 TB.
- I-Ext4 ithathwa njengomncintiswano ophambili Ama-Xfs. Inzuzo yayo i-algorithm ekhethekile yokuqopha, ibizwa ngokuthi "Kubambezelwe ukwabiwa kwesikhala". Lapho idatha ithunyelwa ukuze iqoshwe, ibekwa kuqala kwi-RAM futhi ilinde ukuthi umugqa ugcinwe endaweni yediski. Ukuthuthela kwi-HDD kwenziwa kuphela lapho i-RAM iphela noma sebenza kwezinye izinqubo. Lokhu kulandelana kukuvumela ukuthi uhlukanise imisebenzi emincane ibe minkulu futhi wehlise ukuhlukaniswa kwemidiya.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhethwa kohlelo lwefayela lokufaka i-OS, kungcono kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile ukukhetha okukhethiwe ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Lokhu kuvame i-Etx4 noma i-XFS. Abasebenzisi abathuthukile sebesebenzisa i-FS ngezidingo zabo, besebenzisa izinhlobo zayo ezahlukahlukene ukuqeda imisebenzi.
Uhlelo lwefayela lushintsha ngemuva kokufometha idrayivu, ngakho-ke inqubo inqubo efanelekile evumela ukuthi ungagcini nje ukususa amafayela, kepha futhi ulungisa izinkinga ngokuhambisana noma ukufunda. Siphakamisa ukuthi ufunde izinto ezikhethekile lapho inqubo efanele yokufometha ye-HDD icaciswe ngangokunokwenzeka.
Funda kabanzi: Yini ukufometha kwediski nokuthi ukwenze kanjani ngendlela efanele
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwefayela luhlanganisa amaqembu emikhakha ibe ngamaqoqo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezihlukile futhi lungasebenza nenombolo ethile yamayunithi wolwazi. Amaqoqo ahluka ngosayizi, amancanyana alungele ukusebenza ngamafayili angasindi, futhi amakhulu anenhlanhla yokuba ngaphansi kokuthambekela kancane.
Ukwehlukaniswa kuvela ngenxa yokuphinda kukhishwe idatha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amafayela ahlukaniswe amabhlogo agcinwa ezingxenyeni ezihluke ngokuphelele zediski futhi ukuhlukaniswa ngesandla kuyadingeka ukusabalalisa indawo yawo futhi kukhuphule ijubane le-HDD.
Funda Okuningi: Konke okudingeka Ukwazi Ngokuqhekeza IDrayivu Yakho Eqinile
Kuseningi lemininingwane emayelana nesakhiwo esinengqondo semishini ekhulunywa ngayo, thatha amafomethi afanayo nenqubo yokuwabhalela emikhakheni. Kodwa-ke, namuhla sizamile ukukutshela ngendlela elula ngangokunokwenzeka ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezizokwazi ukusebenziseka kunoma yimuphi umsebenzisi we-PC ofuna ukuhlola umhlaba wezinto.
Funda futhi:
Ukuvuselelwa kwe-Hard drive. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo
Imiphumela emibi kwi-HDD
