Ummeleli yiseva ephakathi lapho isicelo somsebenzisi noma impendulo evela kwiseva yokuya khona idlula. Bonke ababambiqhaza kwinethiwekhi bangazi uhlelo olunje lokuxhumana noma luzofihlwa, okuvele kuncike enjongweni yokusebenzisa kanye nohlobo lommeleli. Kunezinjongo eziningana zobuchwepheshe obunjalo, futhi futhi inomgomo wokusebenza ohehayo, engithanda ukukhuluma ngawo ngemininingwane eminingi. Ake sehle ukuze sixoxe ngalesi sihloko khona manjalo.
Uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe lokumela
Uma uchaza umgomo wokusebenza kwawo ngamagama alula, kufanele unake kuphela ezinye izici zawo zobuchwepheshe ezizokuba wusizo kumsebenzisi ophakathi. Inqubo yokusebenza kwe-proxy yile elandelayo:
- Uxhuma kwi-PC ekude kwikhompyutha yakho, futhi kusebenza njengozimele. Kufakwe isethi ekhethekile yesoftware kuyo, okuhloselwe ukuthi kusetshenzwe futhi kukhishwe izicelo.
- Le khompyutha ithola isinali elivela kuwe bese ilidlulisela kumthombo wokugcina.
- Ngemuva kwalokho ithola isinali elivela emthonjeni wokugcina bese idlulisela kuwe, uma kunesidingo.
Ngendlela eqondile kanjalo, iseva ephakathi isebenza phakathi kweqoqo lamakhompyutha amabili. Lesi sithombe esingezansi sibonisa umgomo wokusebenzisana.
Ngenxa yalokhu, umthombo wokugcina akudingeki uthole igama lekhompyutha yangempela lapho isicelo senziwe khona, luzokwazi kuphela ulwazi mayelana neseva yommeleli. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngezinhlobonhlobo zobuchwepheshe obucutshungulwayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamaseva abambayo
Uma uke wahlangabezana nakho usebenzisa noma usujwayele ubuchwepheshe bommeleli, kufanele ngabe wabona ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zazo. Ngamunye wabo udlala indima futhi uzoba ofanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukile. Khuluma kafushane ngezinhlobo ezingathandeki phakathi kwabasebenzisi abajwayelekile:
- Ummeleli we-FTP. Iphrothokholi ye-FTP ikuvumela ukuthi udlulise amafayela ngaphakathi kwamaseva futhi uxhume kuwo ukubuka nokuhlela izinkomba. Ummeleli we-FTP usetshenziselwa ukulayisha izinto kumaseva anjalo;
- Cgi kukhumbuza kancane i-VPN, noma kunjalo konke kuyindlela efanayo. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuvula noma yiliphi ikhasi esipheqululini ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zokuqala. Uma uthole ongaziwa kwi-Intanethi lapho udinga ukufaka khona isixhumanisi, bese uqhafaza kukho, kungenzeka ukuthi lo mthombo usebenzise i-CGI;
- I-SMTP, I-Pop3 futhi IMAP Kuhlanganiswe namakhasimende we-imeyili ukuthumela nokwamukela ama-imeyili.
Kunezinhlobo ezengeziwe ezintathu abasebenzisi abajwayelekile kakhulu abahlangabezana nazo. Ngithanda ukuxoxa nabo ngemininingwane eminingi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kwabo futhi ukhethe izinhloso okufanele uzisebenzise.
Ummeleli we-HTTP
Lo mbono uvame kakhulu futhi uhlela umsebenzi weziphequluli nezicelo usebenzisa i-TCP (Transfer Control Protocol) protocol. Le protocol imisiwe futhi ichazwe lapho kusungulwa futhi kugcinwa ukuxhumana phakathi kwamadivayisi amabili. Amachweba ajwayelekile we-HTTP angama-80, 8080, no-3128. I-proxy isebenza kalula nje - isiphequluli sewebhu noma isoftware ithumela isicelo sokuvula isixhumanisi kwiseva yommeleli, ithola idatha kusuka kumithombo eceliwe bese iyibuyisela kukhompyutha yakho. Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, ummeleli we-HTTP ukuvumela ukuthi:
- Cache imininingwane eskenniwe ukuze uyivule ngokushesha ngokuzayo.
- Khawula ukufinyelela komsebenzisi kumasayithi athile.
- Idatha yokuhlunga, ngokwesibonelo, vimba amayunithi esikhangiso kwimithombo, ishiya isikhala esingenalutho noma ezinye izinto esikhundleni salokho.
- Setha umkhawulo ngejubane lokuxhumana neziza.
- Gcina ilog yesenzo bese ubuka ithrafikhi yomsebenzisi.
Konke lokhu kusebenza kuvula amathuba amaningi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana, okuvame ukubhekana nakho nabasebenzisi abasebenzayo. Ngokuqondene nokungaziwa kwinethiwekhi, ama-proxies e-HTTP ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:
- Okusobala. Ungayifihli i-IP yomthumeli wesicelo bese uyihlinzeka kumthombo wokugcina. Lolu hlobo alulungele ukungaziwa;
- Ongaziwa. Bazisa umthombo ngokusetshenziswa kweseva ephakathi, noma kunjalo, i-IP yeklayenti ayivuli. Ukungaziwa kuleli cala akukaphelele, ngoba kuzokwazi ukuthola umphumela kwiseva uqobo;
- Elite. Kuthengwa imali eningi futhi kusebenza ngomgomo okhethekile lapho umthombo wokugcina ungazi ngokusetshenziswa kommeleli, ngokulandelana, i-IP yangempela yomsebenzisi ayivuli.
Ummeleli we-HTTPS
I-HTTPS yi-HTTP efanayo, kepha ukuxhumeka kuphephile, njengoba kufakazelwa yincwadi S ekugcineni. Ama-proxies anjalo asetshenziswa lapho kudingekile ukudlulisa idatha eyimfihlo noma efihliwe, njengomthetho, lokhu kungamalogo namaphasiwedi wama-akhawunti esizeni. Imininingwane edlulisiwe nge-HTTPS ayithathwa njenge-HTTP efanayo. Esimweni sesibili, ukucwilisa kusebenza ngokusebenzisa ummeleli uqobo noma ezingeni eliphansi lokufinyelela.
Ngempela bonke abahlinzeki banokufinyelela kulwazi oludlulisiwe futhi bakhe izingodo zalo. Lonke lolu lwazi lugcinwe kumaseva futhi lusebenza njengobufakazi bomsebenzi wenethiwekhi. Ukuphepha kwemininingwane yomuntu kuhlinzekwa yiphrothokholi ye-HTTPS, ibhala ngemfihlo yonke ithrafikhi nge-algorithm ekhethekile evimbela ukugqekeza. Ngenxa yokuthi imininingwane idluliswa ngefomu elifihlekile, ummeleli onjalo ngeke akwazi ukuwafunda bese uwahlunga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akabandakanyeki ku-decryption nakunoma yikuphi okunye ukucubungula.
Ummeleli ophansi
Uma sikhuluma ngohlobo oluqhubekela phambili lommeleli, ngokungangabazeki ALUQHAWE. Lobu buchwepheshe ekuqaleni benzelwe lezo zinhlelo ezingasekeli ukusebenzisana ngqo neseva ephakathi. Manje ama-SOCKS aseshintshe okuningi futhi axhumana ngokuphelele nazo zonke izinhlobo zamaphrothokholi. Lolu hlobo lwommeleli aluvuli ikheli lakho le-IP, ngakho-ke lungabhekwa njengolungaziwa ngokuphelele.
Kungani iseva yommeleli idingeka kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani
Kumaqiniso wamanje, cishe wonke umsebenzisi we-Intanethi osebenzayo uhlangane nezikhiye nemikhawulo ehlukahlukene kwinethiwekhi. Ukuqhafaza ukwenqatshelwa okunjalo yisizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi babheke futhi bafake ama-proxies kukhompyutha noma kwisiphequluli sabo. Kunezindlela eziningana zokufaka nokusebenza, ngamunye wazo okusho ukusebenza kwezenzo ezithile. Bheka zonke izindlela ezikulesi sihloko sethu ngokuchofoza kusixhumanisi esilandelayo.
Funda kabanzi: Ilungiselela ukuxhumeka kuseva yommeleli
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ukuxhumana okunjalo kunganciphisa noma kusinciphise kakhulu ijubane le-Intanethi (okuncike endaweni kweseva ephakathi). Bese ngezikhathi ezithile udinga ukukhubaza ama-proxies. Imihlahlandlela eningiliziwe yokwenza lo msebenzi, ifundwe.
Imininingwane engaphezulu:
Ikhubaza ummeleli ku-Windows
Ungakhubaza kanjani ama-proxies ku-Yandex.Browser
Ukukhetha phakathi kwe-VPN neseva yommeleli
Akubona bonke abasebenzisi abaye banciphisa umehluko phakathi kwe-VPN ne-proxy. Kubukeka sengathi bobabili bashintsha ikheli le-IP, banikeze ukufinyelela kwezisetshenziswa ezivinjelwe futhi bahlinzeke ngokungaziwa. Kodwa-ke, imigomo yokusebenza kwale mikhakha emibili ihluke ngokuphelele. Izinzuzo zommeleli yizici ezilandelayo:
- Ikheli lakho le-IP lizofihlwa ngesikhathi amasheke amakhulu kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, uma izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zingabandakanywa endabeni.
- Indawo yakho izofihlwa, ngoba isiza sithola isicelo kumlamuleli futhi sibona indawo yaso kuphela.
- Izilungiselelo ezithile zommeleli zenza ukubethela okuyikho kwethrafikhi, ngakho-ke uvikeleka kumafayili anonya emithonjeni esolisayo.
Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi amaphuzu amabi futhi angokulandelayo:
- Ithrafikhi yakho ye-Intanethi ayibethelwanga lapho idlula kwiseva ephakathi.
- Ikheli alifihlekile ezindleleni ezitholakalayo zokutholwa, ngakho-ke uma kunesidingo, ikhompyutha yakho itholakala kalula.
- Yonke ithrafikhi idlula kwiseva, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi ufunde kuyo kuphela, kodwa futhi unqande ezinye izenzo ezingezinhle.
Namuhla ngeke singene kwimininingwane ye-VPN, sinaka kuphela ukuthi amanethiwekhi angasese anjalo ahlala athola ithrafikhi ngendlela efakiwe (ethinta ijubane lokuxhuma). Kodwa-ke, zinikeza isivikelo esingcono nokungaziwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-VPN enhle ibiza kakhulu kunommeleli, ngoba ukubethela kudinga amandla amaningi wekhompyutha.
Bheka futhi: Ukuqhathanisa kwe-VPN kanye neseva elibambayo lenkonzo ye-HideMy.name
Manje usuwazi imigomo yokusebenza eyisisekelo nenhloso yeseva yommeleli. Namuhla kubhekwe imininingwane eyisisekelo ezoba wusizo kakhulu kumsebenzisi ophakathi.
Funda futhi:
Ukufakwa kwamahhala kweVPN kukhompyutha
Izinhlobo Zokuxhuma ze-VPN
