I-Microsoft Office suite inohlelo olukhethekile lokwenza i-database futhi lusebenze nabo - Ukufinyelela. Kodwa-ke, abasebenzisi abaningi bakhetha ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olwaziwa kabanzi ngalezi zinhloso - i-Excel. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi lolu hlelo lunawo wonke amathuluzi wokwenza i-database ephelele (i-DB). Ake sibheke ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.
Inqubo yokudalwa
Imininingwane ye-Excel iqoqo lolwazi oluhlelekile olusatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amakholomu nemigqa yeshidi.
Ngokusho kwamagama akhethekile, imigqa yedatha iqanjwe "amarekhodi". Ukungena ngakunye kuqukethe imininingwane mayelana nento ethile.
Amakholomu abizwa "izinkambu". Inkambu ngayinye iqukethe ipharamitha ehlukile yawo wonke amarekhodi.
Okusho ukuthi, uhlaka lwanoma iyiphi i-database ku-Excel itafula elijwayelekile.
Ukudalwa kwetafula
Ngakho-ke, okokuqala, sidinga ukudala itafula.
- Sifaka izihloko zamasimu (amakholamu) wedatha.
- Gcwalisa igama lamarekhodi (imigqa) yedathabhethi.
- Sizoqhubeka nokugcwalisa imininingwane.
- Ngemuva kokuthi imininingo egciniwe igcwalisiwe, sifometha imininingwane ekuyo ngokubona kwethu (ifonti, imingcele, ukugcwalisa, ukukhetha, indawo yombhalo okuhlobene neseli, njll.).
Lokhu kuqeda ukwakhiwa kohlaka lwe-database.
Isifundo: Ungayenza kanjani itafula e-Excel
Ukunikeza Izici Zedatha
Ukuze i-Excel ibone itafula hhayi njengobubanzi beseli, kepha njenge database, idinga ukunikezwa izimfanelo ezifanele.
- Iya kuthebhu "Idatha".
- Khetha lonke uhla lwethebula. Qhafaza kwesokudla. Kumenyu yokuqukethwe, chofoza inkinobho "Nikeza igama ...".
- Igrafu "Igama" khombisa igama esifuna ukusho igama ledatha. Isidingo sokuqala ukuthi igama kufanele liqale ngohlamvu, futhi akumele kube nezikhala. Igrafu "Ububanzi" ungashintsha ikheli lendawo yetafula, kepha uma uyikhetha kahle, khona-ke awudingi ukushintsha lutho lapha. Ungacacisa inothi ngensimu ehlukile, kepha le paramitha iyakhethwa. Ngemuva kokuba kwenziwe zonke izinguquko, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Chofoza inkinobho Gcina engxenyeni engenhla yewindows noma thayipha isinqamuleli sekhibhodi I-Ctrl + S, ukuze ugcine imininingwane ku-hard drive noma kwimidiya ekhiphekayo exhunywe kwi-PC.
Singasho ukuthi emva kwalokho sesivele sinedatha eyenziwe ngomumo. Ungasebenzisana nayo esifundazweni njengoba yethulwa manje, kepha amathuba amaningi azoncishiswa. Ngezansi sizoxoxa ngokuthi ungenza kanjani ukuthi i-database isebenze kangcono.
Hlunga bese uhlunga
Ukusebenza ngemininingwane, okokuqala, kuhlinzeka ngamathuba wokuhlela, ukukhetha nokuhlela amarekhodi. Xhuma le misebenzi kudathasethi yethu.
- Sikhetha imininingwane yensimu esizoyihlelela. Chofoza inkinobho ethi "Hlunga" etholakala ku-ribbon kuthebhu "Idatha" ebhokisini lamathuluzi Hlunga nesihlungi.
Ukuhlunga kungenziwa cishe kunoma iyiphi ipharamitha:
- igama le-alfabhethi;
- Usuku
- inombolo njll.
- Ewindini elilandelayo elivelayo, umbuzo uzoba ukuthi usebenzisa kuphela indawo ekhethiwe ukuhlunga noma ukuyandisa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Khetha ukunwebeka okuzenzakalelayo bese uchofoza inkinobho "Ukuhlungwa ...".
- Iwindows yezilungiselelo zokuhlela iyavula. Ensimini Hlunga chaza igama lenkambu ezokwenziwa ngalo.
- Ensimini "Hlunga" ikhombisa ngqo ukuthi izokwenziwa kanjani. Kwi-DB kungcono ukhethe ipharamitha "Amanani".
- Ensimini "I-oda" khombisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kokuhlelwa kuzokwenziwa kanjani. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi, amanani ahlukahlukene ayaboniswa kulewindi. Isibonelo, ngemininingwane yombhalo - lokhu kuzoba yinani "Kusuka ku-A kuye ku-Z" noma "Kusuka ku-Z kuye ku-A", neyezinombolo - "Iyenyuka" noma Yehla ".
- Kubalulekile ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi kuzungeze inani "Imininingwane yami iqukethe izihloko" kwakukhona uphawu lokuhlola. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke udinga ukuyibeka.
Ngemuva kokufaka wonke ama-parameter adingekayo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Ngemuva kwalokho, imininingwane ku-database izohlungwa ngokuya ngezilungiselelo ezichaziwe. Kulokhu, sihlunge ngamagama abasebenzi bebhizinisi.
- Elinye lamathuluzi alula kakhulu uma usebenza ku-database ye-Excel yi-autofilter. Sikhetha lonke uhla lwe-database kubhulokhi yezilungiselelo Hlunga nesihlungi chofoza inkinobho "Hlunga".
- Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwalokho esitokisini esinamagama emidwebo yezithombe avele ngendlela yoonxantathu abembili. Sichofoza isithonjana sekholomu esizohlunga inani laso. Ewindini elivula, susa ukumaka amanani esifuna ukufihla amarekhodi nawo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukhetho lwenziwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwalokhu, imigqa equkethe amanani asithwetshiwe kuwo ayifihlekile etafuleni.
- Ukuze ubuyisele yonke imininingwane esikrinini, sichofoza isithonjana sekholamu esihlungiwe, futhi ewindini elivulayo, hlola amabhokisi maqondana nazo zonke izinto. Bese uchofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ukuze ususe ngokuphelele ukuhlunga, chofoza inkinobho "Hlunga" ekhasethini.
Isifundo: Hlunga futhi uhlunge idatha ku-Excel
Sesha
Uma kunedatha enkulu, kufanelekile ukusesha usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhethekile.
- Ukuze wenze lokhu, iya kuthebhu "Ikhaya" nakulubambo kubhokisi lamathuluzi "Ukuhlela" chofoza inkinobho Thola nokugqamisa.
- Kuvulwa iwindi lapho ufuna ukucacisa khona inani olifunayo. Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Thola ngokulandelayo" noma Thola Konke.
- Esimweni sokuqala, iseli lokuqala lapho kunenani elicacisiwe lisebenza.
Esimweni sesibili, lonke uhlu lwamaseli aqukethe leli nani luvuliwe.
Isifundo: Ungasesha kanjani ku-Excel
Qhwalela izindawo
Lapho udala imininingo egciniwe, kufanelekile ukulungisa amaseli ngamagama wamarekhodi nezinkambu. Lapho usebenza nge database enkulu - lokhu kumane kuyisimo esidingekayo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, njalo kufanele uchithe isikhathi ubhekabheka ephepheni ukuze ubone ukuthi yimuphi umugqa noma ikholomu elihambisana nenani elithile.
- Khetha iseli, indawo engenhla nesobunxele ofuna ukuyilungisa. Izotholakala ngokushesha ngaphansi kwesihlokwana nakwesokudla samagama okufakiwe.
- Ukuba kuthebhu "Buka" chofoza inkinobho "Vala izindawo"etholakala eqenjini lamathuluzi "Iwindi". Kuluhlu olwehliswayo, khetha inani "Vala izindawo".
Manje amagama wezindima namarekhodi ayohlala ephambi kwamehlo akho, noma ngabe unyakazisa kude kangakanani ishidi ledatha.
Isifundo: Ungaphina kanjani endaweni ese-Excel
Yehlisa uhlu
Kwezinye izinkambu zetafula, kuzoba okulungile ukuhlela uhlu olwehliswayo ukuze abasebenzisi, lapho bengeza amarekhodi amasha, bakwazi ukucacisa amapharamitha athile kuphela. Lokhu kufanelekile, ngokwesibonelo, ngensimu "UPaul". Ngempela, kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela: owesilisa nowesifazane.
- Dala uhlu olwengeziwe. Kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuyibeka kwelinye iphepha. Kuyo sibonisa uhlu lwamanani azovela ohlwini olwehlayo.
- Khetha lolu hlu bese uchofoza kukho inkinobho yegundane elifanele. Kumenyu evelayo, khetha "Nikeza igama ...".
- Iwindi selivele lisijwayele. Ensimini ehambisanayo, sinika igama ebangeni lethu, ngokuya ngemibandela eshiwo ngenhla.
- Sibuyela eshidini elinomininingo egciniwe. Khetha ibanga okuzosetshenziswa kulo uhlu lokudonsa phansi. Iya kuthebhu "Idatha". Chofoza inkinobho Ukuqinisekiswa Kwedathaetholakala kubambo kubhokisi lamathuluzi "Sebenza nedatha".
- Iwindi lokuhlola amanani abonakalayo liyavula. Ensimini "Uhlobo lwedatha" beka inkinobho eshintshiwe Uhlu. Ensimini "Umthombo" setha isibonakaliso "=" futhi ngokushesha emva kwayo, ngaphandle kwesikhala, bhala igama lohlu olwehlayo, esimnikeze eliphakeme kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
Manje, lapho uzama ukufaka idatha ebangeni lapho umkhawulo usethwe khona, kuvela uhlu lapho ungakhetha khona phakathi kwamanani asethelwe ngokucacile.
Uma uzama ukubhala izinhlamvu eziphikisana kulawa maseli, kuzovela umlayezo wephutha. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ubuye emuva wenze ukunemba okulungile.
Isifundo: Ungenza kanjani uhlu olwehliswayo ku-Excel
Vele, i-Excel iphansi emandleni ayo ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile zokwakha imininingwane. Noma kunjalo, inamathuluzi ukuthi ezimweni eziningi azokwanelisa izidingo zabasebenzisi abafuna ukwakha i-database. Ngokunikezwa iqiniso lokuthi izici ze-Excel, ngokuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo ezikhethekile, ziyaziwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi abajwayelekile, kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa kweMicrosoft kunezinzuzo ezithile.
