Okunye ukubala okuyisisekelo kwezomnotho nakwezimali kwemisebenzi yanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi ukunquma iphuzu lokwephulwa kwalo. Le nkomba ikhombisa ukuthi ingakanani imali yokukhiqizwa okwenziwe yinhlangano yenhlangano futhi ezoba nzuzo futhi ngeke ilahlekelwe. I-Excel inikela abasebenzisi ngamathuluzi asiza kakhulu ukunqunywa kwalesi sikhombisi futhi abonise umphumela ngokugqamile. Ake sibheke ukuthi singazisebenzisa kanjani lapho sithola iphuzu lokwephula lesibonelo esithile.
Iphuzu le-Breakeven
Umnyombo wephuzu eliqhekekile ukuthola inani lokukhiqiza lapho inzuzo (ukulahleka) izoba ngu-zero. Okusho ukuthi, ngokukhula kokukhishwa, ibhizinisi lizoqala ukukhombisa ukwenza inzuzo, futhi ngokuncipha, ukwenza ukulahleka.
Lapho ubala iphuzu eleqa umthetho, kufanele uqonde ukuthi zonke izindleko zebhizinisi zingahlukaniswa ngombandela ngokushintshiwe futhi ziguqulwe. Iqembu lokuqala lizimele ngevolumu yokukhiqiza futhi aliguquki. Lokhu kungafaka inani lemholo kubasebenzi bezokuphatha, izindleko zokuqasha izakhiwo, ukwehliswa kwezimpahla ezingasasebenzi, njll. Kodwa izindleko eziguquguqukayo zincike ngqo kubungako bokukhiqiza. Lokhu, okokuqala, kufanele kufake izindleko zokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe namandla, ngakho-ke lolu hlobo lwezindleko luvame ukukhonjiswa kuyunithi lokukhiqiza.
Kungenxa yesilinganiso sezindleko ezingaguquki neziguqukayo lapho umqondo wephuzu sekhefu uhlobene nawo. Ngaphambi kokufinyelela umthamo othile wokukhiqiza, izindleko ezingaguquki zakha inani elibalulekile kuzo zonke izindleko zokukhiqizwa, kodwa ngokwenyuka kwevolumu, isabelo sazo siyawa, futhi ngenxa yalokho izindleko zophiko lwezinto ezikhiqizwayo ziyawa. Ezingeni lekhefu noma lephuzu, izindleko zokukhiqiza nemali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwezimpahla noma izinsizakalo ziyalingana. Ngokwanda okwengeziwe komkhiqizo, inkampani iqala ukwenza inzuzo. Kungakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunquma umthamo wokukhiqiza lapho iphuzu lekhefu lifinyelela khona.
Ukubalwa kwe-Break-even point
Sibala le nkomba sisebenzisa amathuluzi ohlelo lwe-Excel, futhi sakha negrafu lapho sizomaka khona iphuzu elephukile. Ukwenza izibalo, sizosebenzisa itafula lapho kukhonjiswa khona imininingwane yokuqala yomsebenzi webhizinisi:
- Izindleko ezingaguquki;
- Izindleko eziguqukayo ngeyunithi ngayinye yokuphuma;
- Intengo yokuthengisa yeyunithi yokukhiqiza.
Ngakho-ke, sizokubala idatha ngokususelwa kumanani akhonjiswe kuthebula esithombeni esingezansi.
- Sakha itafula elisha ngokususelwa etafuleni lomthombo. Ikholomu lokuqala lethebula elisha linombolo yezimpahla (noma inkatho) ezikhiqizwe ibhizinisi. Okusho ukuthi, inombolo yomugqa izokhombisa inani lempahla eyenziwe. Ikholomu yesibili iqukethe inani lezindleko ezingaguquki. Izokulingana kuyo yonke imigqa kithi 25000. Kwikholomu yesithathu inani lezindleko eziguqukayo. Leli nani lomugqa ngamunye lizolingana nomkhiqizo wenombolo yezimpahla, okungukuthi, okuqukethwe kweseli elihambisanayo lekholamu lokuqala, Ama-ruble ayi-2000.
Kwikholomu wesine izindleko sezindleko. Kuyisamba samaseli womugqa ohambelana wekholamu lesibili nelesithathu. Ikholomu yesihlanu iyimali ephelele. Kubalwa ngokuphinda inani lentengo (4500 k.) ngenombolo yabo ephelele, ekhonjiswe emugqeni ohambelana nekholamu yokuqala. Ikholomu yesithupha ikhombisa inkomba yenzuzo ephelele. Kubalwa ngokususa emalini engenayo ephelele (ikholamu 5) inani lezindleko (ikholamu 4).
Okusho ukuthi, kuleyo migqa lapho amaseli ahambisanayo ekholamu lokugcina enenani elingalungile, kukhona ukulahleka kwebhizinisi, kulawo lapho inkomba izolingana 0 - iphuzu eleqa umthetho kufinyelelwa kulo, futhi kulapho lapho kuzoba khona okuhle, inzuzo emisebenzini yenhlangano iyaphawulwa.
Ukucaciseleka, gcwalisa 16 imigqa. Ikholamu lokuqala lizoba inani lezimpahla (noma inkatho) kusuka 1 ngaphambili 16. Amakholomu alandelayo agcwaliswa ngokusho kwe-algorithm echazwe ngenhla.
- Njengoba ubona, iphuzu lokuphuka kufinyelelwa lapho 10 umkhiqizo. Ngaleso sikhathi nje, imali isiyonke (ama-ruble angama-45,000) ilingana nezindleko eziphelele, futhi inzuzo ephelele iyalingana 0. Ukuqala ngokukhishwa komkhiqizo weshumi nanye, inkampani ikhombisile ukwenza inzuzo. Ngakho-ke, kithi, iphuzu lokuphambana nesikhombisi sobungako 10 amayunithi, nasezimalini - Ama-ruble angama-45,000.
Ukudalwa kweshadi
Ngemuva kokuthi kudalelwe itafula lapho kubalwa khona iphuzu lokuphuka, ungakha igrafu lapho leli phethini lizokhonjiswa khona ngamehlo. Ukuze senze lokhu, kuzofanele sakhe ishadi elinemigqa emibili ekhombisa izindleko nemali engenayo yebhizinisi. Empambanweni yale migqa emibili, kuzoba nephutha elenzekayo. Kanye ne-eksisi X leli shadi kuzoba inani lamayunithi ezimpahla, naku-eksisi Y amanani wemali.
- Iya kuthebhu Faka. Chofoza isithonjana "Spot"obekwe etheyiphu kwibhulashi yethuluzi Amashadi. Phambi kwethu ukukhetha kwezindlela eziningi zamashadi. Ukuxazulula inkinga yethu, uhlobo lufanelekile "Spot ngamajika abushelelezi kanye nemaki", ngakho-ke chofoza kule nto ohlwini. Noma, uma ufisa, ungasebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zemidwebo.
- Sibona indawo engenalutho eshadini. Kufanele igcwaliswe ngemininingwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, chofoza kwesokudla endaweni. Kumenyu evuliwe, khetha isikhundla "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindows lomthombo wedatha liqala. Kune-block engxenyeni yayo yesokunxele "Izici zenganekwane (imigqa)". Chofoza inkinobho Faka, etholakala kwibhlokhi ebekiwe.
- Ngaphambi kwethu kuvula iwindi elibizwa "Shintsha umugqa". Kuyo kumele sikhombise izixhumanisi zokubekwa kwedatha, ngokwesisekelo sokuthi kuzokwakhelwa yiphi imidwebo eyodwa. Okokuqala, sizokwakha igrafu ekhombisa izindleko eziphelele. Ngakho-ke enkundleni "Igama lomugqa" faka irekhodi kusuka kukhibhodi "Izindleko eziphelele".
Ensimini "Amanani we-X" chaza izixhumanisi zemininingwane etholakala kwikholamu "Inani lempahla". Ukuze wenze lokhu, setha ikhesa kule nkambu, bese ubamba inkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele, ukhethe ikholomu ehambisanayo yetafula eshidi. Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ngemuva kwalezi zenzo, izixhumanisi zalo zizokhonjiswa kuwindi lokushintsha umugqa.
Ensimini elandelayo "Y Amanani" kufanele ibonise ikheli lekholomu "Izindleko Zonke"lapho imininingwane esiyidingayo itholakala Senza ngokusho kwe-algorithm engenhla: faka isikhombisi esigangeni bese ukhetha amaseli ekholamu esiwadingayo ngenkinobho yegundane kwesobunxele. Imininingwane izokhonjiswa endle.
Ngemuva kokuthi ukwenziwa kwenkohliso kwenziwe, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile"etholakala ezansi kwewindi.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ibuyela ngokuzenzakalelayo kuwindi lokukhetha imithombo yedatha. Kudingeka futhi ukucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Njengoba ubona, ngemuva kwalokhu, ishidi libonisa igrafu yezindleko eziphelele zebhizinisi.
- Manje kufanele sakhe umugqa wemali isiyonke yebhizinisi. Ngalezi zinhloso, chofoza kwesokudla endaweni eshadi, lapho ulayini wezindleko zenhlangano usuvele ubekwe khona. Kumenyu yokuqukethwe, khetha isikhundla "Khetha idatha ...".
- Iwindi lokukhethwa komthombo wedatha liqala futhi, lapho kudingeka uphinde uchofoze khona inkinobho Faka.
- Iwindi elincane lokushintsha umugqa liyavula. Ensimini "Igama lomugqa" kulokhu sibhala "Imali engenayo ephelele".
Ensimini "Amanani we-X" izixhumanisi zekholomu kufanele zifakwe "Inani lempahla". Lokhu sikwenza ngendlela efanayo nesacabanga ngayo lapho sakha umugqa wezindleko eziphelele.
Ensimini "Y Amanani", chaza izixhumanisi zekholomu ngendlela efanayo "Imali engenayo ephelele".
Ngemuva kokuqeda lezi zinyathelo, chofoza inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Vala iwindi lokukhetha imithombo yedatha ngokucindezela inkinobho "Kulungile".
- Ngemuva kwalokho, umugqa wemali engenayo isiyokhonjiswa endizeni eshidi. Kungumngcele womugqa weholo lemali ephelele nezindleko eziphelele ezizokuba yiphuzu elephukile.
Ngakho-ke, sithole izinhloso zokwakha lolu hlelo.
Isifundo: Ungawenza kanjani umdwebo e-Excel
Njengoba ubona, iphoyinti lokuphumula lisuselwe ekunqumeni inani levolumu yokuphuma lapho izindleko zizolingana nenani eliphelele. Ngokusobala, lokhu kubonakala ekwakhiweni kwezindleko nezimali zemigqa, nasekutholeni iphuzu lokuhlangana, okuzoba yindawo ephule umthetho. Ukwenza izibalo ezinjalo kubalulekile ekuhleleni nasekuhleleni imisebenzi yanoma yiliphi ibhizinisi.
