Ubuntu Server Inthanethi Isiqondisi Inthanethi

Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-Ubuntu Server alunaso isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza, abasebenzisi bahlangabezana nobunzima lapho bezama ukusetha ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi. Le ndatshana izokutshela ukuthi imiphi imiyalo okudingeka uyisebenzise nokuthi imaphi amafayela okufanele uwaqondise ukuze uzuze umphumela oyifunayo.

Bheka futhi: Umhlahlandlela Wokuhlela Ukuxhumana kwe-Intanethi ye-Ubuntu

Setha inethiwekhi ku-Ubuntu Server

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nenkomba yesinyathelo-ngasinye, kubalulekile ukusho eminye imibandela ephoqelekile.

• Udinga ukuthi wonke amadokhumenti atholwe kumhlinzeki abe nawe. I-login, iphasiwedi, imaski ye-subnet, ikheli lasesangweni nenani lezinombolo leseva ye-DNS kufanele likhonjiswe lapho.
• Abashayeli bamakhadi enethiwekhi kumele babe yinguqulo yakamuva.
• Intambo yomhlinzeki kufanele ixhumeke kahle kwikhompyutha.
• Umvikeli ohlinzayo akufanele aphazamise inethiwekhi. Uma lokhu kungenjalo, hlola izilungiselelo zayo bese wenza ukulungisa lapho kunesidingo.

Futhi, ngeke ukwazi ukuxhumana ne-Intanethi uma ungalazi igama lekhadi lakho lenethiwekhi. Ukuthola ukuthi lokhu kulula, udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:

sudo lshw -C inethiwekhi

Funda futhi: Imiyalo esetshenziswa kaningi eLinux

Emiphumeleni, naka umugqa "igama elinengqondo", inani eliphikisanayo kuzoba igama lesikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi yakho.

Kulokhu, igama "eth0", kepha kungahluka kuwe.

Qaphela: ungahle ubone amagama amaningana emgqeni wokuphuma, lokhu kusho ukuthi unamakhadi wenethiwekhi amaningi afakiwe kukhompyutha yakho. Ekuqaleni, nquma ukuthi iyiphi oyisebenzisela izilungiselelo futhi uzisebenzise kuyo yonke imiyalo.

Inethiwekhi enentambo

Uma umhlinzeki wakho esebenzisa inethiwekhi enezintambo ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi, kuzodingeka wenze ushintsho kufayela lokucushwa ukuze wakhe ukuxhumana "indawo yokuxhumana". Kodwa imininingwane ezofakwa ngqo incike kuhlobo lomhlinzeki we-IP. Ngezansi uzothola imiyalo yazo zombili izinketho: ze-IP ezinamandla.

IP Dynamic

Ukusetha ukuxhumeka kwalolu hlobo kulula kakhulu, nakhu okudingeka ukwenze:

1. Vula ifayela lokucushwa "indawo yokuxhumana" usebenzisa isihleli sombhalo nano.

   sudo nano / etc / network / interface

   Bheka futhi: Abahleli bemibhalo abadumile beLinux

   Uma ungakaze wenze ushintsho ngaphambili kuleli fayela, khona-ke kufanele kubukeke kanjena:

   

   Ngaphandle kwalokho, susa yonke imininingwane engadingekile kudokhumenti.

2. Yeqa umugqa owodwa, faka amapharamitha alandelayo:

   iface [igama lesikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi] inet dhcp
auto [igama le-network interface]

3. Gcina izinguquko ngokucindezela inhlanganisela yokhiye I-Ctrl + O nokuqinisekisa nge Ngena.
4. Phuma kusihleli sombhalo ngokuchofoza I-Ctrl + X.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ifayela lokucushwa kufanele libe nefomu elilandelayo:

Lokhu kuqeda ukumiswa kwenethiwekhi enentambo nge-IP ashukumisayo. Uma i-Intanethi ingabonakali, bese uqala kabusha ikhompyutha, kwezinye izikhathi lokhu kuyasiza.

Kunenye futhi indlela elula yokuqalisa uxhumano lwe-Intanethi.

sudo ip addr engeza [ikheli lekhadi lenethiwekhi] / [inani lebhithi engxenyeni ye-prefix yekheli] dev [igama le-network interface]

Qaphela: imininingwane ephathelene nekheli lekhadi lenethiwekhi ingatholakala ngokusebenza komyalo we-ifconfig. Emiphumeleni, inani elidingekayo litholakala ngemuva kwe- "inet addr".

Ngemuva kokwenza umyalo, i-Intanethi kufanele ivele ngokushesha kukhompyutha, inqobo nje uma yonke imininingwane ifakwe kahle. Okubi kakhulu ngale ndlela ukuthi ngemuva kokuphinda uqalise kabusha ikhompyutha, izonyamalala, futhi futhi uzodinga ukusebenzisa lo myalo.

I-Static IP

Ukusetha i-IP ezimile kusuka ku-IP ashukumisayo kuyahluka ngenani ledatha okufanele ifakwe kufayela "indawo yokuxhumana". Ukwenza uxhumano olufanele lwenethiwekhi, kufanele wazi:

• igama lekhadi lakho lenethiwekhi;
• Amaski we-IP we-subnet;
• Ikheli Lasesangweni
• Amakheli we-DNS server

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yonke le datha kufanele inikezwe umhlinzeki wakho. Uma unalo lonke ulwazi oludingekayo, bese wenza okulandelayo:

1. Vula ifayela lokucushwa.

   sudo nano / etc / network / interface

2. Ngemuva kokuba ushiye isigaba, bhala wonke amapharamitha ngale ndlela elandelayo:

   iface [igama lesikhombimsebenzisi senethiwekhi] inet static
ikheli [ikheli] (ikheli lekhadi lenethiwekhi)
netmask [ikheli] (subnet mask)
isango [ikheli] (ikheli lesango)
dns-nameservers [ikheli] (ikheli leseva le-DNS)
auto [igama le-network interface]

3. Gcina izinguquko.
4. Vala isihleli sombhalo.

Njengomphumela, yonke idatha efayilini kufanele ibukeke kanjena:

Manje ukusetha inethiwekhi enentambo nge-IP ezimile kungabhekwa njengokuphelele. Njengamandla amakhulu, kuyanconywa ukuthi uqale kabusha ikhompyutha yakho ukuze izinguquko zisebenze.

I-PPPoE

Uma umhlinzeki wakho ekuhlinzeka nge-protocol ye-PPPoE, ukumiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngensizakalo ekhethekile evunyelwe kwi-Ubuntu Server. Ubize pppoeconf. Ukuxhuma ikhompyutha yakho kwi-Intanethi, yenza okulandelayo:

1. Qalisa umyalo:

   sudo pppoeconf

2. Esikhathini esibonakalayo se-pseudographic sesevisi evelayo, linda kuze kube kuthathwa scan yemishini yenethiwekhi.
3. Uhlu, chofoza Ngena ngesibonisi senethiwekhi ozolilungisa.

Qaphela: uma unokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi eyodwa kuphela, leli windi lizokweqiwa.

4. Ewindini "AMA-POPULAR OPTIONS" chofoza "Yebo".



5. Ewindows elilandelayo uzocelwa igama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi - ufake kuwo bese uqinisekisa ngokuchofoza KULUNGILE. Uma ungenayo idatha nawe, bese ushayela umhlinzeki wakho bese uthola lolu lwazi kuye.



6. Ewindini "SEBENZISA I-DNS" chofoza "Cha"uma ikheli le-IP lihlala, futhi "Yebo"uma enamandla. Esimweni sokuqala, uzocelwa ukuthi ufake i-DNS server ngesandla.



7. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukhawulela usayizi we-MSS kuya ku-1452 amabhayithi. Udinga ukunika imvume, lokhu kuzosusa ukuthi kungenzeka kube nephutha elibucayi lapho ufaka amasayithi athile.



8. Okulandelayo, khetha impendulo "Yebo"uma ufuna ikhompyutha ixhumeke ngokuzenzakalelayo kunethiwekhi ngemuva kokuqala. "Cha" - uma ungafuni.
9. Ewindini "Dlulisa ISIVUMELWANO"ngokuchofoza "Yebo", uzonikeza imvume kusetshenziselwa ukusungula uxhumano manje.

Uma ukhetha "Cha", khona-ke ungaxhuma kwi-Intanethi kamuva ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

umhlinzeki we-sudo pon dsl

Futhi ungamisa ukuxhumana kwe-PPPoE nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokufaka umyalo olandelayo:

umhlinzeki we-sudo poff dsl

Cofa-up

Kunezindlela ezimbili zokulungiselela i-DIAL-UP: ukusebenzisa umsebenzi pppconfig nokwenza izilungiselelo kufayela lokucushwa "wvdial.conf". Indlela yokuqala esihlokweni ngeke icatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba ukufundiswa kufana nesigaba esedlule. Konke okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani insiza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza:

sudo pppconfig

Ngemuva kokubulawa, kuzovela isikhombimsebenzisi se-pseudo-graphic interface. Ngokuphendula imibuzo ezobuzwa kwinqubo, ungasungula uxhumano lwe-DIAL-UP.

Qaphela: uma ulahlekelwe ukuphendula eminye imibuzo, kunconywa ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho ngokubonisana.

Ngendlela yesibili, yonke into iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Iqiniso ukuthi ifayela lokucushwa "wvdial.conf" alukho ohlelweni, futhi ekudalweni kwalo kuzodingeka ukufaka isisetshenziswa esikhethekile, lapho inqubo yomsebenzi icubungula yonke imininingwane edingekayo evela kumodemu futhi ingena kuleli fayela.

1. Faka umsebenzi ngokusebenzisa umyalo:

   sudo apt ukufaka i-wvdial

2. Qalisa ifayela elisebenzisekayo ngomyalo:

   sudo wvdialconf

   Kulesi sigaba, indawo esetshenziswayo idale ifayela lokucushwa futhi yangena kuwo wonke amapharamitha afanele kuwo. Manje udinga ukufaka idatha evela kumhlinzeki ukuze uxhumano lusungulwe.

3. Vula ifayela "wvdial.conf" ngomhleli wombhalo nano:

   sudo nano /etc/wvdial.conf

4. Faka idatha emigqeni Ucingo, Igama lomsebenzisi futhi Iphasiwedi. Ungathola lonke ulwazi kumhlinzeki.



5. Gcina izinguquko bese uphuma kusihleli sombhalo.

Ngemuva kokwenza lokhu, ukuxhuma kwi-Intanethi, kufanele usebenzise umyalo olandelayo:

sudo wvdial

Njengoba ubona, indlela yesibili iyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqhathaniswa neyokuqala, kodwa ngosizo lwayo ukuthi ukwazi ukusetha wonke amapharamitha wokuxhumeka adingekile bese uwafaka kwinqubo yokusebenzisa i-Intanethi.

Isiphetho

Ubuntu Server inawo wonke amathuluzi adingekayo wokumisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumeka kwi-Intanethi. Kwezinye izimo, kusikiselwa izindlela eziningi. Into esemqoka ukwazi yonke imiyalo edingekayo nedatha oyidingayo ukufaka amafayela wokucushwa.