Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi bangayigcina kanjani idatha iminyaka eminingi, nalabo abangayenzi, bangazi nje ukuthi iCD enezithombe ezivela emshadweni, amavidiyo avela kumntwana wezingane noma komunye umndeni nomndeni imininingwane ngeke ifundwe ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 -10. Ngicabanga ngakho. Ngakho-ke, ungayigcina kanjani le datha?
Kulesi sihloko ngizozama ukukutshela ngokuningiliziwe ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nokuthi iyiphi imoto eshayela igcina imininingwane ngokuphephile, nokuthi iyiphi engayenzi, futhi siyini isikhathi sokugcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukile, lapho kungagcinwa khona idatha, izithombe, amadokhumenti nokuthi hlobo luni lokuwenza. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yethu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokutholakala kwemininingwane yesilinganiso sesikhathi esiphezulu, okungenani iminyaka eyi-100.
Imigomo ejwayelekile yokugcina imininingwane enweba impilo yayo
Kunemigomo ejwayelekile kakhulu esebenza kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lolwazi, noma ngabe luyizithombe, umbhalo noma amafayela, futhi ongakhulisa amathuba wokufinyelela kuwo ngempumelelo esikhathini esizayo, phakathi kwawo:
- Lapho likhulu inani lamakhophi, kulapho kungenzeka khona ukuthi idatha izophila isikhathi eside: incwadi eprintiwe ngamakhophi ayisigidi, isithombe esinyatheliswe ngamakhophi amaningi esihlobo ngasinye futhi sigcinwe idijithali emishinini ehlukene kuzokwazi ukugcinwa futhi kutholakale isikhathi eside.
- Izindlela zokugcina ezingezona ezijwayelekile kufanele zigwenywe (kunoma yikuphi, ngendlela okuyiyo kuphela), amafomethi exotic ne-proprietary, izilimi (ngokwesibonelo, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-ODF ne-TXT ngemibhalo, kune-DOCX ne-DOC).
- Imininingwane kufanele igcinwe ngamafomethi angahloliwe nangefomu elingabhalisiwe - uma kungenjalo, noma ukulimala okuncane ekuthembekeni kwedatha kungenza lonke ulwazi lungasebenzi. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukulondolozwa amafayela emidiya isikhathi eside, khona-ke i-WAV ingcono ngomsindo, i-RAW engacindezelwe, iTIFF neBMP yezithombe, amafreyimu wevidiyo angahloliswanga, i-DV, yize lokhu kungenzeki ngokuphelele ekhaya, unikezwe inani levidiyo kulezi zinhlobo.
- Hlola njalo ubuqiniso nokutholakala kwemininingwane, uyonge kabusha usebenzisa izindlela ezintsha namadivayisi avele.
Ngakho-ke, ngemibono esemqoka ezosisiza ukushiya isithombe sisuka ocingweni siye kubazukulu abakhulu, sikutholile lokho, siphendukela olwazini mayelana nokushayela okuhlukahlukene.
Ukushayela kwendabuko nezikhathi zokugcinwa kolwazi kuzo
Izindlela ezivame kakhulu zokugcina izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolwazi namuhla zishayela kanzima, ama-Flash drive (i-SSD, ama-USB flash drive, amakhadi wememori), ama-drive optical (CD, DVD, Blu-Ray) futhi angahlobene nokushayela, kepha futhi akhonza ngefu elifanayo isitoreji (iDropbox, i-Yandex Disk, i-Google Drayivu, i-OneDrive).
Yiziphi kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo okuyindlela ethembekile yokugcina idatha? Ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubacabangele ngokulandelana (ngikhuluma ngezindlela zasekhaya kuphela: ukusakazwa, isibonelo, angizukubheka):
- Ukushayela kanzima - Ama-HDD Endabuko asetshenziselwa kakhulu ukugcina imininingwane ehlukahlukene. Ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile, impilo yabo emaphakathi iyiminyaka engama-3-10 (lo mehluko ubangelwa yizici zangaphandle kanye nekhwalithi yedivayisi). Ngasikhathi sinye: uma ubhala imininingwane kwi-hard drive, uyixhume kwikhompyuter bese uyifaka ekhabetheni ledeski, khona-ke imininingwane ingafundwa ngaphandle kwamaphutha cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukulondolozwa kwedatha ku-hard drive kuncike kakhulu kumathonya angaphandle: noma yikuphi, hhayi ukushaqeka okukhulu nokuthuthumela, ngokwezinga elincane - amandla kazibuthe, kungadala ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwe-drive.
- I-USB Flash I-SSD - Ama-Flash Drives anempilo eyisilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-drive ejwayelekile ajwayelekile ahluleka kakhulu ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi: Ukudonswa nje okune-tuli lapho kuxhunyiwe kwikhompyutha kwanele ukwenza idatha ingafinyeleleki. Ngokuya ngokurekhodwa kwemininingwane ebalulekile kanye nokunqanyulwa okwalandelayo kwe-SSD noma i-flash drive yokulondolozwa, isikhathi sokutholakala kwedatha cishe iminyaka engama-7-8.
- CD DVD I-Blu-URay - Kukho konke lokhu okungenhla, ama-disc e-optical anikela isikhathi eside kakhulu sokugcina idatha, esingadlula iminyaka eyi-100, kodwa-ke, inani elikhulu kakhulu lama-nuances lihlotshaniswa nalolu hlobo lokushayela (ngokwesibonelo, iDiski oyishisile kungenzeka ihlale iminyaka embalwa kuphela), futhi ngenxa yalokho izocatshangelwa ngokwahlukana kamuva kule ndatshana.
- Isitoreji samafu - Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwedatha emafwini weGoogle, Microsoft, Yandex nabanye asaziwa. Ngokunokwenzeka, zizogcinwa isikhathi eside kanti ngenkathi kusebenza kahle ekuthengiseni inkampani enikeza insiza. Ngokwezivumelwano zokuthola amalayisense (ngifunde ezimbili, ngezindawo ezidumile kakhulu), lezi zinkampani azinacala ekulahlekelweni kwedatha. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi kungenzeka ulahlekelwe i-akhawunti yakho ngenxa yezenzo zabahlaseli nezinye izimo ezingalindelekile (futhi uhlu lwabo lubanzi impela).
Ngakho-ke, idrayivu yasendlini ethembeke futhi eqinile kunazo zonke kulesi sikhathi sikhathi se-CD e-macho (engizoyibhala ngemininingwane engezansi). Kodwa-ke, okungabizi kakhulu futhi elula kakhulu kuyizinto zokushayela ezinzima nokugcinwa kwamafu. Akufanele ungayinaki enye yalezi zindlela, ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngokuhlanganyela kwandisa ukuphepha kwemininingwane ebalulekile.
Isitoreji sedatha kuma-disc e-CD, DVD, Blu-ray
Mhlawumbe, iningi lenu selithole imininingwane yokuthi idatha eku-CD-R noma iDVD ingagcinwa inqwaba, uma kungenjalo amakhulu eminyaka. Futhi, ngicabanga ukuthi, phakathi kwabafundi kukhona ababhale okuthile kwi-disc, futhi lapho ngifuna ukuyibuka ngonyaka noma emithathu, lokhu akunakwenziwa, yize umsebenzi wokufunda wawusebenza. Yini inkinga?
Izizathu ezijwayelekile zokulahleka kwedatha okusheshayo yikhwalithi elibi le-disc erekhodayo nokukhethwa kohlobo lwe-disc olungalungile, izimo zokugcina ezingafanele nemodi yokuqopha engalungile:
- Ama-CD-RW abhalwa kabusha, ama-discs e-DVD-RW awenzelwe ukugcinwa kwedatha, impilo yeshalofu incane (ngokuqhathaniswa nama-disc abhalwa kanye). Ngokwesilinganiso, imininingwane igcinwa kwi-CD-R yinde kune-DVD-R. Ngokwezivivinyo ezizimele, cishe wonke ama-CD-R akhombisa impilo yeshalofu engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15. Amaphesenti angama-47 kuphela ama-DVD-Rs (izivivinyo ezenziwe yi-Library of Congress neNational Institute of Standards) anomphumela ofanayo. Okunye ukuhlolwa kukhombise impilo ye-CD-R ephakathi kweminyaka engama-30. Akukho mininingwane eqinisekisiwe ngeBlu-ray.
- Izikhala ezishibhile ezithengisiwe cishe esitolo sezinto ezitolo kuma-ruble amathathu ngazinye azihloselwe ukugcinwa kwedatha. Akufanele uzisebenzise ukurekhoda noma yiluphi ulwazi olubalulekile ngaphandle kokuligcina luphindeke kabili.
- Akufanele usebenzise ukuqoshwa kumaseshini ambalwa, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa isivinini esinqunyelwe sokurekhoda esitholakala kwi-disc (kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezifanele zokushiswa kwe-disc).
- Vikela ukuthola i-disc ekukhanyeni kwelanga, kwezinye izimo ezingezinhle (izinga lokushisa ngokweqile, ukucindezela kwemishini, umswakama ophezulu).
- Izinga ledrayivu yokuqopha nalo lingathinta ubuqotho bemininingwane eqoshiwe.
Ukukhetha i-disc yokurekhoda imininingwane
Ama-discs aqoshwa ahlukile kokuqukethwe okwenziwe ukuqoshwa, uhlobo lwendawo ekhanyayo, ubulukhuni besisekelo se-polycarbonate futhi, empeleni, ikhwalithi yokwenziwa. Ekhuluma ngesigaba sokugcina, kungaphawulwa ukuthi i-disc efanayo yomkhiqizo ofanayo, ekhiqizwe emazweni ahlukene, ingahluka kakhulu ngekhwalithi.
Njengamanje, i-cyanine, i-phthalocyanine, noma i-Azo eyenziwe yensimbi isetshenziswa njengombala orekhodiwe wama-disc we-optical; igolide, isiliva, noma i-aloyi yesiliva isetshenziswa njengobubanzi obukhanyayo. Ngokwesimo esejwayelekile, inhlanganisela ye-phthalocyanine yokuqoshwa (njengokuzinza okuphezulu kakhulu okungenhla) nohlaka lwegolide olubonisayo (igolide liyinto yokufaka kunazo zonke, abanye kufanele bahlinzekwe yi-oxidized) kufanele kube kahle. Noma kunjalo, ama-disc wekhwalithi angaba nezinye izinhlanganisela zalezi zimpawu.
Ngeshwa, eRussia, amadiski okugcina idatha egciniwe awathengiswa; kwi-Intanethi, kuthengwe isitolo esisodwa kuphela kuthengiswa iDVD-R Mitsui MAM-A Gold Archival neJVC Taiyo Yuden ngentengo enhle, kanye neVerbatim UltraLife Gold Archival, Njengoba ngikuqonda, isitolo esiku-inthanethi siletha sivela e-USA. Bonke laba bangabaholi emkhakheni wokugcina umlando futhi bathembisa ukugcina idatha iminyaka engaba yikhulu (kanti iMitsui imemezela iminyaka engama-300 ngama-CD-Rs ayo).
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, ungafaka nama-discs we-Delkin Archival Gold ohlwini lwama-disc aqoshwa kahle kakhulu, engingazange ngiyithole nhlobo eRussia. Noma kunjalo, ungahlala uthenge zonke lezi zindawo kuma-Amazon.com noma kwesinye isitolo se-inthanethi sangaphandle.
Kuma-disc ajwayelekile atholakala eRussia futhi angagcina imininingwane iminyaka eyishumi noma ngaphezulu, lawo makhwalithi afaka:
- I-Verbatim, yenziwa eNdiya, eSingapore, e-UAE noma eTaiwan.
- USony wenza eTaiwan.
"Bangakwazi ukugcina" kusebenza kuwo wonke amadiski e-Archival Gold abhalwe - ngemuva kwakho konke, lokhu akusosiqinisekiso sokugcinwa, ngakho-ke akufanele ukhohlwe ngemigomo ebhalwe ekuqaleni kwendatshana.
Futhi manje, naka umdwebo ongezansi, okhombisa ukwanda kwenani lamaphutha wokufunda ama-disc e-optical ngokuya ngobude bawo bokuhlala kukhamera enendawo enolaka. Igrafu iyisimo sokumaketha, futhi isilinganiso sesikhathi asifakwanga uphawu, kepha sicela umbuzo: luhlobo luni lomkhiqizo iMillenniata, okungabonakali amaphutha alo kuma-disc. Ngizokutshela manje.
I-Milleniata m-disk
IMillenniata inikeza ama-discs e-M-Disk DVD-R ne-M-Disk Blu-ray ngempilo yokugcina isitoreji yamavidiyo, izithombe, amadokhumenti nolunye ulwazi kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1000. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-M-Disk namanye ama-compact disc aqoshwe ukusetshenziswa kwesendlalelo sekhabhoni engilazi yokuqopha (amanye ama-discs asebenzisa izinto eziphilayo): impahla ayivumelani nokugqwala, imiphumela yokushisa nokukhanya, umswakama, ama-asidi, ama-alkali nezinyibilikisi, kuqhathaniswa nobunzima be-quartz .
Ngasikhathi sinye, uma umbala wefilimu we-organic ushintsha kumadiski ajwayelekile ngaphansi kwethonya le-laser, khona-ke izimbobo kokuqukethwe zishiswa ngokoqobo ku-M-Disk (yize kungacaci ukuthi imikhiqizo yomlilo ihamba kuphi). Ngokwesisekelo, kubonakala sengathi, hhayi i-polycarbonate ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenzisiwe. Kwelinye lamavidiyo akhushulayo, idiski ibilisiwe emanzini, bese ifakwa eqhweni elomile, yebo kubhakwe ku-pizza bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho iqhubeke nokusebenza.
E-Russia, angitholanga ama-disc anjalo, kodwa kuma-Amazon afanayo akhona ngamanani anele futhi akubizi lokho (okubiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-100 nge-M-Disk DVD-R ne-200 ye-Blu-Ray). Ngasikhathi sinye, amadiski ahambelana nokufundwa ngayo yonke imishini yokushayela yesimanje. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 2014, iMilleniata iqala ukusebenzisana nabakwaVerbatim, ngakho-ke angikukhiphi ithuba lokuthi la ma-disc azosheshe adume. Noma, angiqinisekile ngemakethe yethu.
Ngokuqondene nokurekhoda, ukushisa i-M-Disk DVD-R, udinga idrayivu eqinisekisiwe enophawu lwe-M-Disk, ngoba basebenzisa i-laser enamandla kakhulu (futhi, asitholanga abanjalo, kepha ku-Amazon, kusuka kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-2,5) . Ukuqopha i-M-Disk Blu-Ray, noma iyiphi idrayivu yesimanje yokushisa lolu hlobo lwe-disc ilungile.
Ngihlela ukuthola idrayivu enjalo kanye nesethi ye-M-Disk ehlanzekile ngenyanga ezayo noma ezimbili futhi, uma kungazelelwe isihloko sithakazelisa (inothi kumazwana, bese wabelana nge-athikili ezinkundleni zokuxhumana), ngingahlola ukubila kwabo, bakubeke emakhazeni nakwamanye amathonya, ngiqhathanise amadiski ajwayelekile bese ubhala ngakho (noma mhlawumbe angivila kakhulu ukudubula ividiyo).
Okwamanje, ngizoqedela i-athikili yami lapho ngigcina khona idatha: konke engangikwazi ukutshelwa.
