Isebenzisa i-VeraCrypt ukubethela idatha

Kuze kube ngu-2014, i-software yomthombo evulekile i-TrueCrypt yanconyelwa kakhulu (futhi ikhwalithi ephezulu ngempela) yokubhalwa kwemininingwane nediski, kodwa ke abathuthukisi bathi lokho bekungaphephile futhi kunciphisa umsebenzi kulolu hlelo. Kamuva, iqembu elisha lentuthuko laqhubeka nokusebenza kulo msebenzi, kodwa ngaphansi kwegama elisha - i-VeraCrypt (etholakala ngeWindows, Mac, Linux).

Ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwamahhala lwe-VeraCrypt, umsebenzisi angenza ukubethela okuqondile kwesikhathi sangempela kumadiski (kufaka phakathi ukubethela idiski yesistimu noma okuqukethwe USB USB drive) noma ezitsheni zefayela. Le ncwajana ye-VeraCrypt inemininingwane yezici eziyisisekelo zokusebenzisa uhlelo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene zokubethela. Qaphela: nge-Windows system system, kungangcono ukusebenzisa ukubethela okwakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe-BitLocker.

Qaphela: wenza zonke izenzo ngobungozi bakho, umbhali wenqaku akaqinisekisi ukuphepha kwemininingwane. Uma ungumsebenzisi we-novice, ngincoma ukuthi ungasebenzisi uhlelo lokubhala ngemfihlo uhlelo lwekhompyutha noma ukwahlukanisa okuhlukile olunemininingwane ebalulekile (uma ungakulungele ukulahlekelwa ukufinyelela ngengozi kuyo yonke idatha), inketho ephephe kunazo zonke kuwe wukwakha iziqukathi zefayela ezibhaliwe, ezichazwe kamuva kule ncwadi .

Faka i-VeraCrypt kukhompyutha noma kwi-laptop

Ngokulandelayo, inguqulo yeVeraCrypt yeWindows 10, 8 neWindows 7 izocatshangelwa (yize ukusetshenziswa uqobo kuzoba cishe okufanayo kwamanye ama-OS).

Ngemuva kokuqala ukufaka uhlelo (ungalanda i-VeraCrypt kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni //veracrypt.codeplex.com/ ) uzonikezwa ukhetho - Faka noma ukhiphe. Esimweni sokuqala, lolu hlelo luzofakwa kwikhompyutha luhlanganiswe nohlelo (ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhuma ngokushesha iziqukathi ezifakwe, ikhono lokubhala ngokuhlukaniswa kohlelo), okwesibili, luzovele lungaxutshiwe ngokunokwenzeka kokulusebenzisa njengohlelo oluphathekayo.

Isinyathelo esilandelayo sokufaka (uma ukhetha u-Faka) ngokuvamile asidingi sinyathelo esivela kumsebenzisi (izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zizofakelwa bonke abasebenzisi, engeza izinqamuleli ku-Start kanye ne-desktop, hlanganisa amafayela nokunwetshwa kwe-.hc nge-VeraCrypt) .

Ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakwa, ngincoma ukuqala uhlelo, ngiya kuzilungiselelo - Imenyu yolimi nokukhetha ulimi lokuxhumana lwesiRussia lapho (noma kunjalo, aluzange luvulekele mina).

Imiyalo yokusebenzisa iVeraCrypt

Njengoba sekushiwo, i-VeraCrypt ingasetjenziselwa imisebenzi yokwakha iziqukathi zefayela ezifihliwe (ifayela elihlukile elinwetshiwe nge-.hc, eliqukethe amafayela adingekayo ngendlela efakiwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, lifakwe ohlelweni njengediski elihlukile), ukubethela kohlelo kanye namadiski avamile.

Kaningi, inketho yokuqala yokubethela isetshenziselwa ukugcina idatha ebucayi, ake siqale ngayo.

Dala isitsha sefayili esifihlekile

Inqubo yokwenza isiqukathi sefayili esifihliwe simi ngalendlela elandelayo:

1. Chofoza inkinobho ethi Yakha ivolumu.
2. Khetha Yakha Isengezo Esifakiwe Sombhalo bese uqhafaza Okulandelayo.
3. Khetha ivolumu evamile noma efihlekile yeVeraCrypt. Umthamo ofihliwe uyindawo ekhethekile ngaphakathi kwevolumu yeVeraCrypt ejwayelekile, bese kusethwa amaphasiwedi amabili, elinye kwivolumu yangaphandle, elesibili elingaphakathi. Uma uphoqelelwa ukuthi utshele iphasiwedi ngevolumu yangaphandle, idatha esevolumu yangaphakathi ngeke ifinyeleleke futhi awukwazi ukunquma ngaphandle ukuthi kunevolumu efihlekile. Okulandelayo, cabanga ngenketho yokwenza ivolumu elula.
4. Cacisa indlela lapho kuzogcinwa khona ifayili lesitsha seVeraCrypt (ekhompyutheni, ngaphandle kwangaphandle, kwinethiwekhi drive). Ungacacisa noma iyiphi imvume yefayili noma ungayicacisi nakancane, kodwa isandiso "esilungile" esihlotshaniswa neVeraCrypt yi .hc
5. Khetha ukubethela kanye ne-hashing algorithm. Into esemqoka lapha yi-algorithm yokubethela. Ezimweni eziningi, i-AES yanele (futhi lokhu kuzophawuleka ngokushesha kunezinye izinketho uma iprosesa isekela ukubethelwa okusetshenzwa ku-AES), kepha ungasebenzisa ama-algorithms ambalwa ngasikhathi sinye (ukubethela ngokulandelana ngama-algorithms amaningana), izincazelo zawo ezingatholakala ku-Wikipedia (ngesiRussia).
6. Setha usayizi wesitsha esifihlekile esizokwakhiwa.
7. Cacisa i-password elandela izincomo ezethulwe kuwindi lokusethwa kwephasiwedi. Uma ufisa, ungacacisa noma yiliphi ifayela esikhundleni sephasiwedi (into ethi "Ukhiye. Amafayili", izosetshenziswa njengesihluthulelo, amakhadi ahlakaniphile angasetshenziswa), noma kunjalo, uma leli fayela lilahlekile noma lonakalisiwe, ngeke uze ukwazi ukulithola lelo datha. Into ethi "Sebenzisa i-PIM" ikuvumela ukuthi usethe i- "Personal iteration multiplier", ethinta amandla wokubhala ngokuqondile nangokungaqondile (lapho icacisa i-PIM, kuzodingeka ukuthi ifakwe ngokungeziwe ngephasiwedi yevolumu, okungukuthi, ukungena ngamandla kuyinkimbinkimbi).
8. Ewindini elilandelayo, setha uhlelo lwefayela levolumu bese umane uhambise isikhombisi segundane phezu kwewindi kuze kube yilapho ibha yokuthuthuka engezansi kwefasitela igcwaliswa (noma iphenduka ibe luhlaza). Ukuze uqedele, chofoza "Phawula."
9. Lapho uqeda ukusebenza, uzobona umyalezo othi ivolumu yeVeraCrypt yadalwa ngempumelelo; kuwindi elilandelayo, vele uchofoze u- "Phuma".

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukufaka ivolumu eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa, lokhu:

1. Esigabeni "seVolumu", chaza indlela eya esisekelweni sefayili esidaliwe (ngokuchofoza inkinobho ethi "Ifayela"), khetha incwadi yokushayela yevolumu kusuka kuhlu, bese uchofoza inkinobho ethi "Mount".
2. Faka iphasiwedi (hlinzeka ngamafayela wokhiye uma kunesidingo).
3. Linda kuze kube yilapho ivolumu ifakiwe, emva kwalokho izovela kuVeraCrypt nanjengediski yendawo ku-Explorer.

Lapho ukopisha amafayela kudiski entsha, azothunyelwa nge-fly, kanye nokushicilelwa lapho ewafinyelela. Uma usuqedile, khetha ivolumu (incwadi yokubhala) kuVeraCrypt bese uqhafaza u- "Yehla".

Qaphela: uma ufisa, esikhundleni se- "Mount" ungachofoza u- "Auto-Mount" ukuze ngokuzayo ivolumu ebhalwe ngokuqondile ixhumeke ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukubethela kwe-disk (ukwahlukanisa idiski) noma i-flash drive

Izinyathelo zokubhala ngemfihlo idiski, i-flash drive noma enye i-non-system drive izofana, kepha esinyathelweni sesibili uzodinga ukukhetha "Ukubethela okungekhona kohlelo / idiski", ngemuva kokukhetha idivaysi - chaza ukuthi ukufometha idiski noma ukubethela ngedatha ekhona (kuzothatha okuningi isikhathi).

Iphuzu elilandelayo elihlukile ukuthi esigabeni sokugcina sokubethela, uma ukhetha i- "Fomathi idiski", uzodinga ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe amafayela amakhulu kune-4 GB azosetshenziswa kwivolumu eyakhiwe.

Ngemuva kokuthi ivolumu ibethelwe, uzothola imiyalo yokuqhubeka kokusebenzisa idiski. Ngeke kube nokufinyelela kulo ngencwadi yangaphambilini, kuzodingeka ulungiselele ukufaka i-auto-Mount (kulokhu, chofoza nje i- "Auto-Mount" ukuhlukaniswa amadiski namadiski, uhlelo luzowathola) noma ulufake ngendlela efanayo naleyo echazwe ngayo esitsheni sefayela, kepha chofoza u- " Idivayisi "esikhundleni se-" Ifayela ".

Ungabhala kanjani ngemfihlo idrayivu yesistimu eVeraCrypt

Lapho ubhala ngemfihlo uhlelo lokuhlukanisa noma idiski, kuzodingeka iphasiwedi ngaphambi kokulayisha isistimu yokusebenza. Qikelela kakhulu lapho usebenzisa lo msebenzi - ngombono, ungathola uhlelo olungeke lubhekwe futhi okuwukuphela kwendlela yokufaka kabusha ukufaka iWindows.

Qaphela: uma ekuqaleni kokubethelwa kokuhlukaniswa kohlelo ubona umlayezo "Kubonakala sengathi iWindows ayifakwanga kudiski lapho ilayishwe khona" (kepha empeleni ayinayo), kungenzeka ukuthi lolu daba luku "olukhethekile" olufakwe iWindows 10 noma i-8 ebhalwe ngemfihlo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EFI nokubhala ngemfihlo uhlelo lwe-VeraCrypt drive kuzokwehluleka (ekuqaleni kwendatshana, i-BitLocker isivele inconyelwe le njongo), yize ukubethela kusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinye izinhlelo ze-EFI.

Ukubethelwa kwedrayivu yesistimu kuyafana nokwediski elula noma ukwahlukanisa, ngaphandle kwamaphoyinti alandelayo:

1. Lapho ukhetha ukubethelwa kokuhlukaniswa kohlelo, isinyathelo sesithathu sizonikeza ukukhetha - ngemfihlo yonke idiski (i-HDD ngokomzimba noma i-SSD) noma ukwahlukanisa kohlelo kuphela kule diski.
2. Ukukhethwa kwe-boot eyodwa (uma kufakwe i-OS eyodwa kuphela) noma i-multiboot (uma ngabe kukhona).
3. Ngaphambi kokubethelwa, uzocelwa ukuthi udale idiski yokutakula uma kungenzeka ilimale i-booteraer yeVeraCrypt, kanye nezinkinga zokulayisha iWindows ngemuva kokubethela (kuzokwazi ukuqhuma kudiski yokutakula futhi ikhiphe ngokuphelele ukwahlukanisa, ikubuyisele esimweni sayo sokuqala).
4. Uzokwaziswa ukuthi ukhethe imodi yokuhlanza. Ezimweni eziningi, uma ungazigcini izimfihlo ezesabekayo, vele ukhethe inketho ethi "Cha", lokhu kuzokusindisa isikhathi esiningi (amahora wesikhathi).
5. Ngaphambi kokubethelwa, kuzokwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuvumela i-VeraCrypt ukuthi “iqiniseke” ukuthi konke kuzosebenza kahle.
6. Kubalulekile: ngemuva kokuchofoza inkinobho "yokuhlola" uzothola imininingwane enemininingwane yokuthi kuzokwenzekani ngokulandelayo. Ngincoma ukufunda konke ngokucophelela.
7. Ngemuva kokuchofoza okuthi "kulungile" futhi ngemuva kokuqalisa kabusha, uzodinga ukufaka iphasiwedi ebekiwe futhi, uma konke kuphumelele, ngemuva kokufaka iWindows, uzobona umyalezo wokuthi ukuhlolwa kokubhalwa kwangaphambilini sekuphothuliwe futhi konke okusasele ukwenziwa ukucofa inkinobho ethi "Ukubethela" bese ulinda ukuphothulwa kwenqubo yokubethela.

Uma ngokuzayo udinga ukukhipha ngokuphelele idiski yohlelo noma ukwahlukanisa, kumenyu yeVeraCrypt khetha "Isistimu" - "Khipha unaphakade uhlelo lokuhlukanisa / idiski".

Imininingwane eyengeziwe

• Uma unezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza kwikhompyutha yakho, usebenzisa i-VeraCrypt ungakha isistimu yokusebenza ecashile (Imenyu - Isistimu - Dala i-OS efihlekile efana nevolumu efihliwe echazwe ngenhla.
• Uma amavolumu noma amadiski efakwa kancane, ungazama ukusheshisa inqubo ngokubeka i-password ende (izinhlamvu ezingama-20 noma ngaphezulu) ne-PIM encane (ngaphakathi kwe-5-20).
• Uma kwenzeka okuthile okungajwayelekile lapho kubethelwa ukuhlukaniswa kohlelo (ngokwesibonelo, ngamasistimu ambalwa afakiwe, uhlelo luhlinzeka ngebhuthaphu elilodwa noma ubona umlayezo othi iWindows ikwi-disk lapho kulayisha khona amabhuthi) - ngincoma ukuthi ungasebenzisi (uma ungakulungele ukulahlekelwa yikho konke okuqukethwe kudiski ngaphandle kokululama).

Yilokho konke, ukubethela okuhle.