Umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwamakhompyutha usuka maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Kuma-forties, ososayensi baqala ukutadisha ngentshiseko ngamathuba we-elekthronikhi futhi benza amamodeli wokuhlola wamadivayisi abeka isisekelo sokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha.
Isihloko sekhompyutha yokuqala ihlukaniswe phakathi kwabo ngokufakwa okuningana, okuvela ngakunye ngasikhathi sinye emakhoneni ahlukene oMhlaba. Idivayisi uMark 1, eyakhiwa i-IBM noHoward Aiken, yakhululwa ngo-1941 e-United States futhi yasetshenziswa ngabameli beMpi Yezempi.
Ngokuhambisana noMark 1, kwasungulwa insiza ye-Atanasoff-Berry Computer. UJohn Vincent Atanasov, owaqala umsebenzi emuva ngo-1939, wayephethe ukuthuthuka kwakhe. Ikhompyutha eqediwe yakhishwa ngo-1942.
Lawa makhompiyutha ayene-bulky futhi eqinile, ngakho-ke ayengasetshenziswa neze ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinkulu. Kwathi kuma-forties, bambalwa abantu ababecabanga ukuthi ngolunye usuku amadivaysi ahlakaniphile azoba uqobo futhi avele emizini yawo wonke umuntu.
Ikhompyutha yokuqala yomuntu yi-Altair-8800, eyakhishwa emuva ngo-1975. Le divayisi yenziwa ngabakwaMITS, ababesebenza e-Albuquerque. Noma yimuphi umMelika ubengakwazi ukukhokhela ibhokisi elihlanzekile futhi elinesisindo esikhulu, ngoba lithengise ngama- $ 397 kuphela. Kuliqiniso, abasebenzisi bekufanele balethe le PC esimeni esigcwele sokusebenza bodwa.
Ngo-1977, umhlaba ufunda ngokukhishwa kwekhompyutha uqobo ye-Apple II. Le gajethi yayihlukaniswa yizici zokuguqula ngaleso sikhathi, yingakho ifaka umlando wemboni. Ngaphakathi kwe-Apple II, ungathola iprosesa ejwayelekile ye-1 MHz, 4 KB ye-RAM futhi ngokomzimba omningi. Ukuqapha kwikhompyutha yakho kwakunjengombala futhi kunesisombululo samaphikseli angama-280x22.
Enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kwi-Apple II yiTandy TRS-80. Le divayisi yayinomqaphi omnyama nomhlophe, i-4 KB RAM ne-1.77 MHz processor. Kuliqiniso, ukuthandwa okuphansi kwekhompyutha yakho kwakubangelwa yimisebe ephezulu yamaza eyayithinta ukusebenza komsakazo. Ngenxa yalolu phawu lobuchwepheshe, ukuthengisa kwakumelwe kumiswe okwesikhashana.
Ngo-1985, i-Amiga eyaphumelela ngobuhlanya yaphuma. Le khompyutha ifakwe izinto ezikhiqiza kakhulu: i-7.14 MHz processor evela kwi-Motorola, 128 KB ye-RAM, ukuqapha okusekela imibala engu-16, nohlelo lwayo lokusebenza kwe-AmigaOS.
Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye, izinkampani ngazinye zaqala ukukhiqiza amakhompyutha ngaphansi komkhiqizo wazo. Okwakha i-PC yomuntu siqu nokwakhiwa kwengxenye kusakazekile. Enye yezinhlelo ezisebenzayo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye kwaba yi-DOS 6.22, lapho umphathi wefayela laseNorton Commander wayevame ukufakwa khona. Eduze ne-zero kumakhompiyutha akho, iWindows yaqala ukuvela.
Ikhompyutha ejwayelekile yama-2000s ifana kakhulu namamodeli wanamuhla. I-persona enjalo ihlukaniswa nge-"plump" 4: 3 ye-track enesinqumo esingekho ngaphezulu kwe-800x600, kanye nemibuthano emabhokisini amancane kakhulu futhi acinene. Kumabhulokhi wesistimu, umuntu angathola ukushayela, amadivaysi amadiski e-floppy, namandla akudala nezinkinobho zokusetha kabusha.
Eduze kwamanje, amakhompyutha uqobo ahlukaniswe yimishini yokudlala, amadivayisi wehhovisi noma intuthuko. Abaningi basondela emihlanganweni kanye nokwakheka kwamayunithi wesistimu yabo, maqondana nokwakhiwa kwangempela. Amanye amakhompyutha uqobo, njengezindawo zokusebenza, amane ajabulise ukubuka kwawo!
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhompiyutha uqobo akusukumi. Akekho ozokwazi ukuchaza kahle ukuthi i-PC izobukeka kanjani ngokuzayo. Ukwethulwa kwangempela engokoqobo kanye nenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kuzothinta ukubonakala kwamadivayisi esijwayele. Kepha kanjani? Isikhathi sizotshela.
