Unyaka wokufunda usuqalile nje, kepha maduze abafundi bazoqala ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlalisa, imidwebo, amaphepha ethemu, nomsebenzi wesayensi. Vele, izidingo zokuqamba eziphakeme kakhulu zidluliselwa phambili kumadokhumenti anjalo. Phakathi kwalokhu kube khona kwekhasi lesihloko, inothi elichazayo, futhi, yebo, uhlaka olunezitembu ezakhiwe ngokuhambisana neGOST.
Isifundo: Ungasenza kanjani uzimele eZwini
Umfundi ngamunye unendlela yakhe yokwenza amaphepha, kepha kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngokuthi ungazenza kanjani ngokufanelekile izitembu zekhasi A4 ku-MS iZwi.
Isifundo: Ungayenza kanjani ifomethi ye-A3 eZwini
Kuhlukaniswa idokhumenti
Into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe ukuhlukanisa idokhumenti izigaba eziningana. Kungani kudingeka lokhu? Ukwehlukanisa itafula lokuqukethwe, ikhasi lesihloko nomzimba oyinhloko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le yindlela okwenzeka ngayo ukubeka ifreyimu (isitembu) kuphela lapho idingeka khona (ingxenye eyinhloko yedokhumenti), ungayivumeli "ukukhuphuka" futhi idlulele kwezinye izingxenye zedokhumenti.
Isifundo: Ungenza kanjani ukuhlukaniswa kwekhasi eZwini
1. Vula idokhumenti ofuna ukuyinyathela, bese uye kuthebhu "Isakhiwo".
Qaphela: Uma usebenzisa iZwi ka-2010 nelincane, uzothola amathuluzi adingekayo wokwenza izikhala kuthebhu “Ukuhlelwa Kwekhasi”.
2. Chofoza inkinobho "Ukuqhekeka kwekhasi" bese ukhetha kumenyu eyehlayo “Ikhasi elilandelayo”.
3. Yiya ekhasini elilandelayo bese wakhe elinye igebe.
Qaphela: Uma kunezingxenye ezingaphezu kwesithathu kudokhumenti yakho, dala inani elidingekayo legebe (ngokwesibonelo sethu, izikhala ezimbili zazidingeka ukwenza izigaba ezintathu).
4. Idokhumenti lizokwakha inombolo edingekayo yezigaba.
Susa ukuxhumanisa ukwahlukanisa
Ngemuva kokuba sehlukanise lo mbhalo waba izingxenye, kuyadingeka ukuvimba ukuphindwa kwesitembu esizayo kulawo makhasi lapho kungafanele ukuba khona.
1. Yiya kuthebhu "Faka" futhi unwebe imenyu yenkinobho "Unyaweni" (iqembu "Amaheda namahederali").
2. Khetha "Shintsha unyaweni".
3.Kwesibili, nakuzo zonke izigaba ezilandelayo, chofoza "Njengasesigabeni esedlule" (iqembu "Izinguquko") - lokhu kuzophula ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba. Ama-footer lapho kuzobekwa khona isitembu sethu esizayo ngeke siphindwe.
4. Vala imo yonyawo ngokucindezela inkinobho "Vala iwindi le-footer" kuphaneli yokulawula.
Dala uhlaka lwesitembu
Manje, empeleni, singakwazi ukuqhubeka nokwakha uhlaka, ubukhulu bawo, okuyiqiniso, okufanele buhambisane ne-GOST. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa okuvela emaphethelweni wekhasi ozimele kufanele kube nezincazelo ezilandelayo:
20 x 5 x 5 x 5 mm
1. Vula ithebhu "Isakhiwo" bese ucindezela inkinobho "Izinsimu".
Isifundo: Ukushintsha nokubeka izinkambu eZwini
2. Kumenyu eyehlayo, khetha "Izinsimu Zokwezifiso".
3. Ewindini elibonakala phambi kwakho, setha amanani alandelayo ngamasentimitha:
4. Chofoza "KULUNGILE" avale iwindi.
Manje udinga ukusetha imingcele yekhasi.
1. Kuthebhu "Idizayini" (noma “Ukuhlelwa Kwekhasi”) chofoza inkinobho enegama elifanele.
2. Ewindini “Imingcele Futhi Ugcwalise”lokho kuvula phambi kwakho, khetha uhlobo "Uhlaka", futhi esigabeni "Faka isicelo" khombisa “Kulesi sigaba”.
3. Cindezela inkinobho "Izinketho"etholakala ngaphansi kwesigaba "Faka isicelo".
4. Ewindini elivelayo, chaza amanani alandelayo enkambu ku- "Fri":
5. Ngemuva kokucindezela inkinobho "KULUNGILE" emafasiteleni amabili avulekile, uzimele wosayizi obekiwe uzovela engxenyeni oyifunayo.
Ukudalwa kwesitampu
Sekuyisikhathi sokwenza isitembu noma isitaki, esidinga ukufaka kuso itafula ekhasini lezinyawo.
1. Qhafaza kabili phansi kwekhasi ofuna ukufaka kulo isitembu.
2. Umhleli we-footer uzovula, bese kuvela ithebhu kanye nayo. “Umakhi”.
3. Eqenjini “Isikhundla” shintsha inani lonhlokweni kuyo yomibili imigqa kusuka kokujwayelekile 1,25 kuvuliwe 0.
4. Yiya kuthebhu "Faka" ufake itafula elinobukhulu bemigqa engu-8 namakholomu angu-9.
Isifundo: Ungayenza kanjani itafula eZwini
5. Qhafaza kwesobunxele ngakwesobunxele setafula bese ulihudulela ngakwesobunxele sedokhumenti. Ungenza okufanayo ngensimu efanelekile (yize ngokuzayo isazoshintsha).
6. Khetha wonke amaseli ethebula elingeziwe bese uya kuthebhu "Isakhiwo"etholakala esigabeni esikhulu “Ukusebenza ngamatafula”.
7. Shintsha ukuphakama kweseli ku- 0,5 bheka
8. Manje udinga ukuthi ushintshe ngokushintshiwe ububanzi bekholomu ngayinye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, khetha amakholomu ukusuka kwesobunxele uye kwesokudla futhi ushintshe ububanzi bawo kuphaneli yokulawula kuya kumanani alandelayo (ngokulandelana):
9. Hlanganisa amaseli njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku-skrini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa imiyalo yethu.
Isifundo: Ungawahlanganisa kanjani amaseli eZwini
10. Kwenziwe isitembu esifanelana nezidingo ze-GOST. Kuhlala kuphela ukugcwalisa. Impela, yonke into kumele yenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo ezibekwe phambili ngothisha, isikhungo semfundo kanye namazinga amukelekayo ngokuvamile.
Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa izindatshana zethu ukushintsha ifonti nokuhambisana kwayo.
Izifundo:
Ungashintsha kanjani ifonti
Ukuqondanisa kanjani umbhalo
Ungayenza kanjani ukuphakama kweseli okungaguquki
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphakama kwamaseli etafuleni akushintshi njengoba ufaka umbhalo kuwo, sebenzisa usayizi omncane wefonti (wamaseli amancane), futhi ulandele lezi zinyathelo:
1. Khetha wonke amaseli etafuleni lesitembu bese uqhafaza kwesokudla bese ukhetha “Izici Zetafula”.
Qaphela: Njengoba itafula lesitembu liku-onyaweni, ukukhetha wonke amaseli alo (ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuwahlanganisa) kungaba yinkinga. Uma uhlangabezana nenkinga enjalo, ikhethe ezingxenyeni ezithile bese wenza izenzo ezichaziwe zesigaba ngasinye samaseli akhethiwe ngokwahlukana.
2. Ewindini elivulayo, iya kuthebhu “Intambo” futhi esigabeni “Usayizi” enkundleni "Imodi" khetha “Ngempela”.
3. Qhafaza "KULUNGILE" avale iwindi.
Nasi isibonelo esithobekile salokho ongakuthola ngemuva kokugcwalisa ingxenye ethile isitembu nokuvumelanisa umbhalo okukuwo:
Konke lokho, manje ususazi kahle ukuthi ungasenza kanjani isitembu ngeZwi kahle futhi ngokuqinisekile uzuze inhlonipho kumfundisi. Kuhlala kuphela ukuthola umaki omuhle, okwenza umsebenzi ufundise futhi ufundise.
