Ngenkathi usebenza kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenzayo, kwesinye isikhathi kunesidingo sokusebenzisa amathuluzi ukuthola ifayela elithile ngokushesha. Lokhu kusebenza futhi kwi-Linux, ngakho-ke ngezansi sizobheka zonke izindlela ezingenzeka zokufuna amafayela kule OS. Womabili amathuluzi wemenenja yefayela nemiyalo esetshenziswe ngaphakathi "Isiginali".
Funda futhi:
Qamba kabusha amafayela ku-Linux
Dala futhi ususe amafayela ku-Linux
Isiginali
Uma udinga ukusetha amapharamitha amaningi wokucinga ukuthola ifayela olifunayo, khona-ke umyalo thola ayinakubekelwa indawo. Ngaphambi kokucabanga ngokuhlukahluka kwayo konke, kufanele udlule ku-syntax nezinketho. I-syntax anayo yile elandelayo:
thola indlela yokukhetha
kuphi indlela - Lesi isiqondisi lapho ukusesha kuzokwenzeka khona. Kunezindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokucacisa indlela:
- / - Search in the Izimpande kanye izinkomba eziseduze;
- ~ - sesha kuhlu lwemibhalo lwasekhaya;
- ./ - sesha kuhlu lwemibhalo lapho umsebenzisi akhona khona njengamanje.
Ungacacisa futhi indlela ngqo kwisikhombi lapho ifayela kuthiwa likhona.
Izinketho at thola okuningi, futhi sibonga ukuthi uyakwazi ukwenza ukusesha okuguquguqukayo kokusetha okuguqukayo okudingekile:
- -igama - funa usesho, uthatha njengesisekelo igama lento oyifunayo;
- -Umsebenzisi - sesha amafayela ahlobene nomsebenzisi othile;
- -group - sesha iqembu elithile labasebenzisi;
- -Isigaba - Khombisa amafayela ngemodi yokufinyelela ecacisiwe;
- -size n - ukusesha kususelwa osayizi wento;
- -Isikhathi + n -n - sesha amafayela aseshintshe ngaphezulu (+ n) noma ngaphansi (-n) ezinsukwini ezedlule;
- -type - sesha amafayela ohlobo oluthile.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezidingekayo. Nalu uhlu lwabo:
- b - vimba;
- f - ezejwayelekile;
- k - okuthiwa ipayipi
- d - ikhathalogi;
- l - isixhumanisi;
- s - isokhethi;
- c - okungokomfanekiso.
Ngemuva kokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwe-syntax nezinketho zomyalo thola Ungaya ngqo kwizibonelo ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yobuningi bezinketho zokusebenzisa umyalo, izibonelo ngeke zinikezwe konke okuguquguqukayo, kepha zisetshenziselwe kuphela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Bheka futhi: Imiyalo Yesiginali Ethandwayo ye-Linux
Indlela yoku-1: Sesha ngegama (inketho-igama)
Kaningi, abasebenzisi basebenzisa inketho yokusesha uhlelo. -igama, lapho kulapho siqala khona. Ake sibheke izibonelo ezimbalwa.
Sesha ngokunwetshwa
Ake sithi udinga ukuthola ifayili ngesandiso ".xlsx"etholakala enkombeni I-Dropbox. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
thola / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / iDropbox -name "* .xlsx" -print
Ngokwe-syntax yayo, singasho ukuthi usesho lwenziwa kumkhombandlela I-Dropbox ("/ Ikhaya / umsebenzisi / iDropbox"), futhi into oyifunayo kumele ibe nesandiso ".xlsx". I-asterisk ikhombisa ukuthi usesho luzokwenziwa kuwo wonke amafayela kulokhu kunwetshwa, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngegama labo. "-print" kukhombisa ukuthi imiphumela yokusesha izoboniswa.
Isibonelo:
Sesha ngegama lefayela
Isibonelo, ufuna ukusesha kumkhombandlela "/ ekhaya" ifayela elinegama "ama-lumpics", kepha ukunwetshwa kwalo akwaziwa. Kulokhu, yenza okulandelayo:
thola ~ -igama "lumpics *" -print
Njengoba ubona, uphawu lusetshenziswa lapha "~", okusho ukuthi ukusesha kuzokwenzeka enkombeni yasekhaya. Ngemuva kwenketho "-igama" igama lefayela olifunayo ("ama-lumpics *") I-asterisk ekugcineni kusho ukuthi usesho luzokwenzeka ngegama kuphela, hhayi ukufaka isandiso.
Isibonelo:
Sesha ngohlamvu lokuqala lwegama
Uma ukhumbula kuphela uhlamvu lokuqala igama lefayela eliqala ngalo, khona-ke kunes syntax ekhethekile yomyalo ezokusiza ukuyithola. Isibonelo, ufuna ukuthola ifayela eliqala ngencwadi evela g ngaphambili "l", futhi awazi ukuthi ikuluphi umkhombandlela. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukusebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
thola / -igama "[g-l] *" -print
Ukwahlulela uphawu "/", oluza ngokushesha ngemuva komyalo oyinhloko, usesho luzokwenziwa kusukela kusikhombisi sezimpande, okungukuthi kuhlelo lonke. Ingxenye elandelayo "[g-l] *" kusho ukuthi igama lokusesha lizoqala ngohlamvu oluthile. Esimweni sethu, kusuka g ngaphambili "l".
Ngendlela, uma wazi isandiso sefayela, khona-ke emva komlingiswa "*" ungacacisa. Isibonelo, udinga ukuthola ifayela elifanayo, kepha uyazi ukuthi linaso isandiso ".odt". Ngemuva kwalokho ungasebenzisa umyalo olandelayo:
thola / -name "[g-l] *. odt" -print
Isibonelo:
Indlela yesi-2: Sesha ngemodi yokufinyelela ((inketho yomerm)
Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka ukuthola into igama lakho ongayazi, kepha wazi ukuthi yimiphi imodi yokufinyelela enayo. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukusebenzisa inketho "-perm".
Ukuzisebenzisa kulula kakhulu, udinga nje ukucacisa indawo yokusesha nemodi yokufinyelela. Nasi isibonelo somyalo onjalo:
thola ~ -perm 775 -print
Okusho ukuthi, ukusesha kwenziwa esigabeni sasekhaya, futhi izinto ozifisayo zizoba nokufinyelela 775. Ungabhala futhi nohlamvu olu - "-" ngaphambi kwaleli nombolo, khona-ke izinto ezitholakele zizoba nemvume ethile kusuka ku-zero kuya kunani elishiwo.
Indlela 3: Sesha umsebenzisi noma iqembu (izinketho-neqembu)
Kukhona abasebenzisi namaqembu kunoma yiluphi uhlelo olusebenzayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola into eyeyodwa yale mikhakha, ungasebenzisa inketho "-user" noma "Iqembu", ngokulandelana.
Sesha ifayela ngegama lomsebenzisi
Isibonelo, udinga ukuthola kumkhombandlela I-Dropbox ifayela "Izibani", kepha awazi ukuthi kubizwa ini, kepha uyazi nje ukuthi ngeka umsebenzisi "umsebenzisi". Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukukhipha umyalo olandelayo:
thola / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / iDropbox -user umsebenzisi -print
Kulesi umyalo uchaze umkhombandlela ofanele (/ Ikhaya / Umsebenzisi / iDropbox), kuboniswe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukusesha ifayela elingelomsebenzisi (-Umsebenzisi), futhi kukhonjiswe ukuthi leli fayela lingeliphi umsebenzisiumsebenzisi).
Isibonelo:
Funda futhi:
Ungabuka kanjani uhlu lwabasebenzisi ku-Linux
Ungamfaka kanjani umsebenzisi eqenjini kwiLinux
Sesha ifayela ngegama leqembu lakhe
Ukuthola ifayela elingeqembu elithile kungelula nje - udinga nje ukubuyisela inketho "-user" ngokuzikhethela "Iqembu" bese ukhombisa igama laleli qembu:
thola / -groupe isivakashi -print
Lokho wukuthi, ukhombisile ukuthi ufuna ukuthola ohlelweni ifayela elihlobene neqembu "isivakashi". Ukusesha kuzokwenzeka kulo lonke uhlelo, njengoba kuboniswe wuphawu "/".
Indlela 4: Sesha ifayela ngohlobo lwayo (inketho -type)
Ukuthola into ku-Linux yohlobo oluthile kulula kakhulu, udinga nje ukucacisa inketho efanelekile (-type) bese ukhombisa uhlobo. Ekuqaleni kwendatshana, zonke izinhlobo zemibono ezingasetshenziselwa ukusesha zazibhalwe ohlwini.
Isibonelo, ufuna ukuthola wonke amafayela we-block kusikhombi sakho sasekhaya. Kulokhu, umyalo wakho uzobukeka kanjena:
thola ~ -type b -print
Ngokuvumelana nalokho, ukhombisile ukuthi usesha ngohlobo lwefayela, njengoba kuboniswe inketho "-type", bese inquma uhlobo lwayo ngokubeka uphawu lwefayela eli-block - "b".
Isibonelo:
Ngendlela efanayo, ungabonisa zonke izinkomba kumkhombandlela owuthandayo ngokufaka uphawu kumyalo "d":
thola / ikhaya / umsebenzisi -type d -print
Indlela yesi-5: Sesha ifayela ngosayizi (inketho yokwenza
Uma kusuka kulo lonke ulwazi olumayelana nefayela owazi usayizi walo kuphela, khona-ke lokhu kungahle kwanele ukulithola. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukuthola ifayela le-120 MB kwisikhombi esithile, yenza okulandelayo:
thola / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / iDropbox -size 120M -print
Isibonelo:
Bheka futhi: Ungathola kanjani usayizi wefolda eLinux
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, ifayela esilidingayo latholakala. Kepha uma ungazi ukuthi sikuphi isiqondisi, ungabheka lonke uhlelo ngokucacisa umkhombandlela wezimpande ekuqaleni komyalo:
thola / -sisa 120M -print
Isibonelo:
Uma wazi usayizi wefayela cishe, khona-ke kukhona umyalo okhethekile waleli cala. Udinga ukubhalisa ngaphakathi "Isiginali" okufanayo, ngaphambi nje kwesayizi lefayela "-" (uma udinga ukuthola amafayela amancane kunosayizi obekiwe) noma "+" (uma usayizi wefayela eseluliwe uyoba mkhulu kunalokhu kuchaziwe). Nasi isibonelo somyalo onjalo:
thola / ikhaya / umsebenzisi / iDropbox + 100M -print
Isibonelo:
Indlela 6: Sesha ifayela ngosuku lokuguqulwa (inketho yesikhathi sesikhathi)
Kunezikhathi lapho kuba lula kakhulu ukucinga ifayela ngosuku elaguqulwa ngalo. Ku-Linux, inketho esetshenziselwa lokhu. "-isikhathi". Ukuzisebenzisa kulula, cabanga konke ngesibonelo.
Ake sithi kwifolda "Izithombe" sidinga ukuthola izinto esezishintshe ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ezedlule. Nakhu okudingeka ubhalise kukho "Isiginali":
thola / Ikhaya / Umsebenzisi / Izithombe -mtime -15 -print
Isibonelo:
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, le ndlela ayikhombisi kuphela amafayela aseshintshile esikhathini esibekiwe, kodwa namafolda. Isebenza ngakolunye uhlangothi - ungathola izinto ezashintsha ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, faka uphawu phambi kwenani ledijithali "+":
thola / Ikhaya / Umsebenzisi / Izithombe -maphakathi +10 -print
GUI
Isimo sokuqhafaza senza impilo ibe lula kubaqalayo abasanda kufaka ukusatshalaliswa kweLinux. Le ndlela yokusesha ifana kakhulu nalena esetshenziswe kuWindows, yize ingahle inganikezi zonke izinzuzo ezinikezayo "Isiginali". Kepha qala kuqala. Ngakho-ke, ake sibheke ukuthi singawafuna kanjani amafayela ku-Linux usebenzisa i-graphical interface yohlelo.
Indlela yoku-1: Sesha ngemenyu yohlelo
Manje sizobheka indlela yokusesha amafayela ngemenyu ye-Linux. Izenzo ezizokwenziwa ekusatshalalisweni kwe-Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, noma kunjalo, ukufundwa kuvame kubo bonke.
Bheka futhi: Ungayithola kanjani inguqulo yokusatshalaliswa kweLinux
Ake sithi udinga ukuthola amafayela ohlelweni ngaphansi kwegama Ngithole, futhi kunamafayela amabili ohlelweni: elilodwa elifomethi ".txt"nowesibili ".odt". Ukuze ubathole, kufanele uqale uchofoze isithonjana semenyu (1), nakukhethekile inkambu yokufaka (2) chaza umbuzo wokusesha Ngithole.
Umphumela wokusesha uboniswa lapho kuboniswa khona amafayela afisayo.
Kepha uma bekuzoba namafayela amaningi anjalo ohlelweni futhi wonke enezandiso, khona-ke ukusesha kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe. Ukuze ukhiphe amafayela angenasidingo, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo, emiphumeleni, kungcono ukusebenzisa isihlungi.
Itholakala ohlangothini lwesokunene semenyu. Ungahlunga ngezindlela ezimbili: "Izigaba" futhi "Imithombo". Nweba lolu hlu ezimbili ngokuchofoza umcibisholo oseceleni kwegama bese ususa ukukhetha ezintweni ezingadingekile kumenyu. Kulokhu, kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukushiya usesho kuphela Amafayela namafolda, ngoba sifuna amafayela ngqo.
Ungakubona ngokushesha ukungahloniphi kwale ndlela - awukwazi ukulungisa isihlungi ngokuningiliziwe, njengoba kunjalo "Isiginali". Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna idokhumenti yombhalo enegama elithile, ungakhonjiswa izithombe, amafolda, izingobo zomlando, njll. Emiphumeleni yokusesha .. Kepha uma wazi igama eliqondile lefayela olidingayo, ungalithola ngokushesha ngaphandle kokufunda izindlela eziningi umyalo "thola".
Indlela 2: Sesha ngemenenja yefayela
Indlela yesibili inenzuzo enkulu. Usebenzisa ithuluzi lemenenja yefayela, ungabheka kufolda ebekiwe.
Ukwenza lo msebenzi kulula. Udinga kumphathi wefayela, kithi uNautilus, ukufaka ifolda lapho ifayela olifunayo litholakala khona bese uchofoza "Sesha"ekhoneni eliphezulu kwesokudla sewindi.
Ensimini yokufaka evelayo, udinga ukufaka igama lefayela elilinganisiwe. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukusesha kungenziwa hhayi ngegama lonke lefayela, kodwa kuphela ngengxenye yalo, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kwisibonelo esingezansi.
Njengendlela yangaphambilini, ngale ndlela efanayo ungasebenzisa isihlungi. Ukuze uyivule, chofoza inkinobho ngesibonakaliso "+"etholakala ohlangothini lwesokunene kwenkambu yokufaka yombuzo. I-submenu izovula lapho ungakhetha khona uhlobo lwefayela olufunayo kusuka ohlwini olwehliswayo.
Isiphetho
Ngokwalokho okungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi uma ufuna ukusesha ngokushesha kusistimu, indlela yesibili, esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwesithombe esibonakalayo, iphelele. Uma udinga ukusetha imingcele eminingi yokusesha, khona-ke umyalo uzokubaluleka thola in "Isiginali".
